What are the advantages of soilless cultivation technology

Soilless cultivation refers to the cultivation of crops without natural soil, but in the nutrient solution, which can replace the natural soil to provide water, nutrients, oxygen, and temperature to the crops, so that the crops can grow normally and complete their entire life cycle. Nutrient solution is the key to soilless culture, and different crops require different nutrient solution formulations.

Specifically, the inorganic nutrients required for crop growth are dissolved in water and prepared into a balanced culture liquid to cultivate crops; Or the culture liquid is watered in an artificial substrate (such as gravel, peat, sawdust, rice husk fumigated charcoal to stone, perlite, rock wool, etc.) to cultivate crops.

Soilless cultivation of vegetables in foreign countries such as the Netherlands, Japan, Denmark, Israel and other countries has entered the advanced stage of factory production. The research and application of greenhouse environmental regulation, cultivation facilities, operating machinery, commercial substrates, and special nutrient solutions have basically realized industrialization, standardization, and commercialization.

The construction of domestic leisure agriculture, rural tourism, pastoral complexes, characteristic towns and other projects has become more and more intense, and has risen to the national level of rural revitalization strategy, in these projects the construction of ecological restaurants, ecological hotels, ecological parks will be soilless cultivation as one of the characteristic content, whether it is landscaping with soilless cultivation mode, or used to provide green ingredients for catering to eat and pick, have become a highlight of advocating the new concept of harmonious development between man and nature.

1. The outstanding advantages of soilless cultivation technology are:

l) Effectively prevent soil continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases.

2) Due to the automation and mechanization of the facility, the labor hours invested are greatly saved.

3) Not limited by natural conditions.

4) Water-saving, fertilizer-saving, labor-saving.

5) Some crop varieties can greatly increase the yield per unit area.

Soilless cultivation refers to the method of cultivating plants with nutrient solutions and other equipment without soil. Solution culture (referred to as hydroponics) is the earliest kind of soilless culture that has been applied. As early as the 60s of the 19th century, the German scientist Sachs conducted a solution culture experiment.

This technology has played an important role in the study of plant nutrition, especially in the physiological function of mineral elements and the application of chemical fertilizers. Solution culture can effectively control the types and quantities of mineral elements supplied to plants, and is still an important means of plant physiology research. At the end of the 30s of the 20th century, the American scientist Jerek applied this technology to crop production and achieved success, thus laying the foundation for the application of soilless culture in agricultural production.

The advantages of soilless culture are: shortening the growth and development cycle of plants, overcoming the adverse effects of continuous planting on the land, making full use of water and nutrients, high product yield, good quality, less pollution, etc., therefore, soilless culture has broad development prospects in agricultural production.

Types of Soilless Cultivation There are dozens of types of soilless culture. According to the type of matrix, it can be divided into solid matrix type and liquid matrix type. The former includes sand-based culture, gravel-based culture, shallow stone culture, rock wool culture, perlite culture, sawdust culture, foam culture, etc.

According to the liquid and gas supply mode, it can be divided into drip irrigation type, spray type, ventilation type, circulating liquid supply type, shallow liquid supply type, etc. Different types of soilless culture have their own characteristics, and people can choose according to their needs and possibilities when applying.

The technical basis of soilless culture The composition, concentration, preparation and regulation of nutrient solution are important technical bases for soilless culture.

There are mainly these advantages:

1.Get rid of the shackles of land and save space.

2.High yield and good quality.

Because the nutrients, water, light and temperature required by plants are artificially controlled, the optimal growth environment for plant development is ensured, and the growth potential of plants is improved.

3.Prevent diseases and soil tillage obstacles.

Continuous tillage in traditional soil cultivation can lead to a decrease in soil fertility, and the solution is to improve the soil through large-scale rotational tillage, which will lead to the spread of soil diseases in the process of rotational tillage. On the contrary, soilless cultivation technology isolates the cultivation environment of plants from the soil, and only disinfection of seeds, nutrient solutions, equipment, etc., can avoid the occurrence and spread of diseases.

4.Save water, fertilizer, clean and hygienic.

Soilless cultivation technology eliminates important links such as composting in traditional cultivation methods, and the nutrients provided are nutrient solutions that have been configured through scientific research, and the nutrient solution can be used to increase the utilization rate. At the same time, the water loss caused by soil infiltration in traditional soil cultivation is very serious, and the soilless cultivation technology has successfully solved this problem, coupled with scientific water replenishment, the water-saving effect is very obvious.

5.Promote the modernization and automation of agriculture, save labor and effort, and facilitate management.

The development of soilless cultivation technology makes crop cultivation can be produced and managed according to people's wishes, and at the same time, tasks such as ploughing, harrowing, and weeding are exempted, saving a lot of manpower, and also facilitating management.

The advantages of soilless culture are water saving, fertilizer saving, high yield, labor saving, and easy management. The disadvantages are that the investment is large, the preparation of nutrient solution is difficult, and the accuracy requirements are high.

Advantages of soilless culture:

The various nutrients required by crops in soilless cultivation are artificially formulated into nutrient solution application, with less water loss, balanced nutrients, high absorption efficiency, and are scientifically advanced nutrients according to the type of crop and the different growth stages of the same crop. Therefore, the crop grows robustly and vigorously, and can give full play to the potential for increasing yield.

Soil cultivation and application of organic fertilizer, fertilizer decomposition and fermentation, produce odor pollution environment, will also make many pests eggs breed, harm crops, and soilless culture is applied inorganic fertilizer, there are no these problems, and can avoid the pollution of heavy metals and other harmful substances in the polluted soil.

Disadvantages of soilless culture:

Soilless cultivation needs to be implemented in the intelligent greenhouse, all the facilities such as the pre-construction greenhouse, soilless cultivation facilities, and water and fertilizer integration system must be purchased and built in advance, and all the heating, cooling, ventilation, oxygenation, insecticide, and other equipment must be operated normally and fully controlled. These are very expensive and energy-intensive to operate, which is difficult for ordinary agricultural practitioners to achieve.

Precautions for soilless culture:

It should be noted that different plants have different requirements for the environment in different seasons and different growth stages, and their nutritional needs will be very different. This requires a very clear understanding of the growth law of the plant in advance, and each link can not be deviated, once it goes wrong, it will be wiped out.

In particular, the reproduction of microorganisms, once a microorganism is suitable for growth in the nutrient solution, it will multiply explosively until the original ecological balance is completely destroyed, resulting in the comprehensive disease and death of the plant. General field management advocates fine management, and soilless cultivation is "ultra-fine management", no matter how big or small, each link must be scientific and accurate, which is too high for agricultural practitioners.

Substrate soilless cultivation is still more troublesome for substrate treatment, the substrate needs to be eliminated after use before it can be reused, and the substrate will become powder after one year of use. The appearance of vegetable growth in aeroponic culture is not very good, and the most important problem is that there must be no power failure or blockage in aeroponics.

1. First of all, water-saving, soilless cultivation can avoid a large amount of waste of water resources caused by leakage and evaporation of soil cultivation, and only a small amount of water can be used.

2. The second is fertilizer saving, usually only a small part of the fertilizer applied to the soil is used by plants, while soilless cultivation is to plant plants under closed cycle conditions or containers, and there is no problem of nutrient loss.

3. Because soilless cultivation does not use soil and organic fertilizer, all of which rely on the nutrient solution prepared by inorganic fertilizer to provide nutrition, soilless cultivation is clean and hygienic, and avoids the infection caused by viruses or pests and diseases in the soil, and there are no weeds, thus saving a lot of manpower and material resources.

4. Soilless cultivation is basically not limited by land conditions, and can be carried out in places with poor ecological conditions or lack of land, which opens up a new way for agricultural production to solve the contradiction of more people and less land.

5. Because soilless cultivation is carried out under artificial control conditions, all the nutrients and environmental conditions required for growth can be satisfied, so the growth and development are good, so the flower yield produced by soilless culture is high.