In the course of historical development, how did European colonizers enter the interior of Africa?

The "geographical expeditions" of Western colonizers into the interior of Africa began at the end of the sixties of the eighteenth century. The first to engage in this activity was the United Kingdom. Britain's activities attracted the attention of France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Russia, the United States, and other countries, which also sent people to the interior one after another.

For more than 100 years, Europeans have traveled almost everywhere in Africa. Their activities can be broadly divided into four regions, namely East and Northeast Africa, North Africa, West Africa, and South Equatorial Africa.

Expeditions to East and Northeast Africa have focused on finding the source of the Nile. The first to explore the source of the Nile was an Englishman. He arrived in Ethiopia in 1769, where he stayed for two years and found Lake Tana, the source of the Blue Nile.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and other countries successively sent people to investigate the interior of East and Northeast Africa, including Salt and Burton in Britain, Lüppel, Clapf and Reebmann in Germany, and Ricchule, Goba and Adigidi in France. The discovery of Mount Kilimanjaro by Krapf and Rybman in Germany caused a sensation throughout Europe, as Europeans generally did not believe that there were snow-capped mountains near the equator. Later they discovered Mount Kenya.

The British later found Lake Victoria and Lake Abbott, the birthplaces of the White Nile.

Before the 18th century, Europeans knew more about North Africa, but it was mainly limited to the coastal zone. During the study tour in the interior of Africa, the expedition to the interior of North Africa was quite active. Since the beginning of the 19th century, Britain, France, Germany, Italy and other countries have successively sent expeditions to the interior of North Africa.

Among them, the German Nakhtigarh visited Fezzan, Wadaï and Darfur, and after returning home, he wrote the book "Sahara and Sudan", which provided valuable information for people to understand the interior of North Africa.

The expedition to West Africa was carried out around the Niger River. In 1790, the Society for the Study of the Interior of Africa sent people from Gambia to the interior of West Africa, but the results were not satisfactory. Later, the British changed their route and sent people to the Niger River region several times to investigate, and after several difficulties, they found the mouth of the Niger River.

At this point, the Western powers basically mastered the situation in the Niger River basin and the Lake Chad region. The French, on the other hand, focused their attention on the Gambia and Senegal rivers, and Morion and Beaufort examined the Gambia and Senegal rivers to find their sources.

The earliest expeditions to the interior of South Equator Africa were made by the Portuguese. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Portuguese made several expeditions along the slave trade routes from the coasts of Angola and Mozambique, but this activity did not attract enough attention. Later, Britain, France, Germany and other countries successively sent people to investigate the interior of South Equator Africa, and in this process, Britain made the greatest achievements.

Mainly missionaries Livingston and Stanley. Livingston practiced medicine and proselytizing, and with the help of the locals, traveled from Kuruman to the upper Zambezi River, and then along the upper Zambezi River, where he received a lot of useful information. Stanley, on the other hand, spent three years inspecting the Congo River region and was the first person in the West to complete the voyage from the source of the Congo River to the mouth of the sea.

Stanley's expedition collected a great deal of geographical information about the Congo River basin for Western colonists.

The European colonizers were expanding economically, and because of the urgent need for resources due to socio-economic development, they continued to invade Africa.

It was through seafaring technology that it entered the interior of Africa, when the continent had a great impact, and many blacks were plundered.

Because Africa was particularly backward at that time. Africans had no status, and the European colonizers had a lot of power, so they fell in love with Africa and made them slaves.

After the first industrial revolution, the productivity of European and American countries has been improving, in order to expand the scale of development of production, a large number of labor is needed, so overseas expansion was carried out, the geographical location of the African continent is very superior, there is a strong strategy, European explorers are very familiar with the route near this place, and later plundered the land through war, and then squeezed and killed the people in this place, plundered the local rich ** diamonds, as well as resources, the peak period was the end of the 19th century, The landmark event was the Berlin Conference, which began to divide the land of this place, and the process of contention was very.

In the course of history, in order to develop its monopoly capitalism, imperialism has done everything in its power to expand outward, and Africa has been carved up because of these imperialist colonial expansions.

Domination of the region was obtained mainly through the slave trade. They will plunder by suppressing by force.

Historically, Africa has been colonized by many European countries, such as Spain, Portugal, Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Germany and other countries. Almost all the Western powers have ruled Africa, and there is a colony on the main road of Africa. Most of the countries on the African continent are third world countries, which are relatively backward countries on the planet and are one of the slowest developing regions.

Until now, there are many indigenous people on the African continent who exist in the form of tribes. African countries have been suffering from war and famine all year round, and it is difficult for them to develop. Next, I will talk about the countries that once colonized Africa.

1. The United Kingdom, a country that once colonized Africa, is an empire known as the sun that never sets, and its military strength is 10 points stronger. Britain colonized India in Asia, Egypt in Africa, and the United States in the Americas. Egypt in Africa was an ancient civilization, but it failed to protect itself under the attack of foreign powers, and eventually became one of the British colonies.

The American War of Independence freed itself from British rule, and India's independence was more peaceful, more like Britain didn't want that piece of land.

2. Countries that once colonized Africa, when Spain ruled and colonized African countries, it was in the Age of Discovery. At that time, Spain was the strongest country in the world, and he constantly plundered the resources of the coastal areas, and was known as the maritime hegemon of that era, a country like a bandit. Such a strong country, having discovered the fertile land and uncivilized people of Africa, easily occupied some parts of Africa.

3. Countries that once colonized Africa, Germany at the beginning of World War II, Germany quickly occupied half of the European continent, and then extended to Africa, under the leadership of the desert eagle Rommel, the German army quickly grabbed the European powers, and the colonies in Africa became their own colonies.

They are the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Spain.

1. France's colonies are: Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Comoros, Djibouti, Algeria, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Morocco, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Chad, Tunisia, Gabon, Congo (Brazzaville), and Central Africa.

2. The British colonies are: South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Mauritius, Malawi, Nigeria, Gambia, Sudan, Sierra Leone, British Somalia, Eswatini, Seychelles, Uganda, Zambia.

3. Germany's colonies are: Tanzania, Namibia, Cameroon, Togo, Burundi, and Rwanda.

4. Belgium has only one colony, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but this colony has 2.35 million square kilometers.

5. Italy's colonies are: Eritrea, Libya, and Italian Somalia.

6. The Portuguese colonies are: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe.

7. The Spanish colonies were: Western Sahara, Equatorial Guinea, the northern coastal area of Morocco and a small part in the south.

List of African colonies.

United Kingdom] Basutoland (Lesotho).

Bechuana (Botswana).

British Togo (part of Ghana).

British Cameroon.

Gambia (annexed to Sierra Leone in 1821).

**Coast (Ghana).

Kingdom of Egypt (Egypt).

Mauritius, Kenya.

Nigeria. Northern Rhodesia (Zambia).

Nyasaland (Malawi).

Sierra Leone (Zimbabwe).

British Somaliland (northern Somalia).

South Africa, South-West Africa (Namibia).

Swaziland. Sudan and Anglo-Egyptian condominium in Sudan.

Tanganyika (Tanzania).

Zanzibar (Tanzania).

Uganda [France].

Gabon Central African Republic.

Congo.

Chad Mauritania.

Senegal. French Sudan of Niger (Mali).

Guinea Côte d'Ivoire.

Obervolta (Burkina Faso).

Dahomey (Benin).

Mauritius. Reunion Seychelles.

Morocco, Algeria.

Tunisia, French West Africa.

French Equatorial Africa.

Togo Cameroon.

Comoro da Gascar.

Mayott Reunion.

Skada Island, Indian Ocean.

Tanzania. Djibouti [Germany].

Cameroon, Togo.

German East Africa (Tanzania).

Rwanda and Burundi (Rwanda and Burundi).

Vitu (Kenya).

German West Africa. German South-West Africa (Namibia).

Italy] Italian Somaliland (South Somalia).

Italy belongs to Eritrea.

Abyssinia (Ethiopia) (briefly).

Libya is part of East Africa.

Portugal] Altyn, Angola.

Accra Cabinda.

Ceuta, Cape Verde.

Aimela Bilco Island.

**Coast. Guinea-Bissau.

Madagascar.

Mezcani Islands.

Malindi Mombasa.

Morocco, Mozambique.

Kilwa Kisiwani.

Fort St. John. São Tomé Principe.

Tangier Zanzibar.

Zigin Sauer. Denmark].

A station on the coast of West Africa.

Belgium] Rwanda, Burundi.

Congo, Rwanda and Burundi.

Netherlands] part of South Africa.

Central and West Africa coastal ** point.

Spain] Sidi Ifni.

Melilla. City of Sizneros.

Mecherakafa (Mazalquivir).

La Gomera. Oran Algiers.

Tripoli, Bejaya.

Ceuta, Tunisia.

Turkey] Tripoli, Egypt.

Tunisia, Algeria.

Kathalaze wept.

Northern Somalia. United States].

Liberia. Sweden].

Swiss ** coast.