What are the relationships between living things, and what are the four relationships between living

The relationships between organisms are predation, parasitism, symbiosis, competition, cooperation, etc. Predatory relationship refers to the phenomenon of one organism taking another organism as food, and parasitic relationship refers to the fact that one organism lives in the body or body surface of another organism and ingests nutrients from the body or surface of this organism to survive.

The four relationships between living beings are:

For example, rabbits eat grass, deer also eat grass, and rabbits and deer are in competition.

For example, if a rabbit eats grass, the rabbit and the grass are predators.

3. Symbiosis: also known as "mutual-beneficial symbiosis", refers to the co-existence of two organisms through cooperation.

For example, rhizobia and soybeans have a symbiotic relationship.

4. Parasitism: refers to the fact that one organism must depend on another organism to survive (absorb nutrients), but the parasitic organism does not need parasitic organisms (distinguishing symbiosis).

For example: roundworms.

And people, dodder seeds.

and trees are parasitic.

Nature of living things:

Viruses are living organisms because they have the characteristics of growth, reproduction, and development (they cannot do it independently and need to rely on the host cell).

Adaptation to the environment, such as: dead leaf butterfly.

disguise yourself as a dead leaf to avoid predators; Paramecium.

the pursuit of advantages and the avoidance of disadvantages; vision deterioration in moles that live underground for a long time; Anteater.

The tongue is thin and long (the deterioration of vision and the elongation of the tongue cannot be explained by Lamarck's use and obsessive genetics); The ancestors of whales survived by the sea for a long time, thus evolving fins.

changes to the environment, such as human exploitation and utilization of natural resources; Decomposers decompose animal and plant corpses and return some substances to nature.

Intraspecific mutual assistance and intraspecific struggle between organisms of the same species;

There are predatory, parasitic, symbiotic, competitive, cooperative and other relationships between different organisms.

Predatory relationship: The phenomenon in which one organism feeds on another organism. For example, sheep eat grass and frogs prey on insects.

Parasitism: The phenomenon in which one organism lives in or on the surface of another organism and takes nutrients from the body or surface of that organism to survive. For example, dodder seeds are parasitic on other plants.

Symbiotic relationship: A phenomenon in which two organisms live together and benefit each other, and it is difficult for one or both of them to survive after leaving. Such as leguminous plants and rhizobia.

Competition: The phenomenon of two organisms living together and competing with each other for resources, space, etc. Such as weeds and crops competing for nutrients and living space.

Partnership: A relationship in which two organisms live together and benefit each other The two can live independently after being separated from each other. Such as hermit crabs and sea anemones.

Predation: An organism obtains its nutrients by preying on another organism.

Symbiosis: The two exist as one, giving each other nourishment.

Parasitism: It is divided into parasites and hosts, the former is in the body of the latter, absorbing nutrients, and the latter is harmed.

Cooperation: The two live in an ecosystem and help each other.

Competition: The two live in an ecosystem and take each other's living space.

The relationships between organisms include primitive cooperation, symbiotic relationship, parasitic relationship, and symbiotic relationship.

Predatory and competitive relationships. Primitive cooperation: refers to two organisms living together with a certain degree of benefit to both parties, but after being separated from each other, each is able to live independently.

Cohabitation: refers to two cohabitations, where one party benefits and the other party is harmless or harmless. Parasitism:

It refers to the relationship between one organism living in or on the surface of another organism and taking nutrients from the latter to maintain life. The former is called the parasite and the latter is called the host. <

The relationships between organisms include primitive cooperation, symbiotic relationship, parasitic relationship, symbiotic relationship, predatory relationship, and competitive relationship.

1. Primitive cooperation: It refers to the coexistence of two organisms, which have a certain degree of interest for both parties, but after being separated from each other, each can live independently.

2. Cohabitation: refers to two kinds of cohabitation, one party benefits, and the other party is harmless or harmless.

3. Parasitic relationship: refers to the relationship between one organism living in the body or body surface of another organism and ingesting nutrients from the latter to maintain life. The former is called the parasite and the latter is called the host.

4. Symbiosis: Symbiosis has two concepts: broad and narrow. In a narrow sense, it refers to two types of living together to create favorable living conditions for each other, which is more advantageous and more viable than when they live alone; Interdependent, interdependent, and once separated, neither party can live normally.

5. Predatory relationship: refers to the interspecific relationship in which one organism feeds on another organism. The former is called a predator, and the latter is a ** eater.

6. Competition: There are two types of competition: intraspecific and interspecific. This refers to an interspecific relationship in which two species live together and struggle for limited nutrition, space and other common needs.

1. Intraspecific relationships (relationships between organisms of the same species).

Relationship: Intraspecific mutual assistance, e.g. ants.

Intraspecific struggles, such as: large seedlings in plants inhibit small seedlings, the reasons for the struggle: competition for resources and space, etc.

Second, interspecific relationships (the interrelationships between different species of organisms).

1. Symbiosis: refers to a relationship in which two organisms live together and are beneficial to both parties. But if one is lost, both parties or one cannot survive or reproduce independently.

Examples: Lycopodium and Ficus spp., termites and flagellates.

2. Symbiosis: refers to the relationship between two organisms that can survive independently and live together, which is beneficial to both parties.

Examples: sea anemones and hermit crabs, sharks and Indian fish, green algae and turtles.

3. Predation: refers to a biological relationship in which one organism feeds on another organism.

Examples: cats eat mice, flytraps, and predators.

4. Parasitism: refers to a biological relationship in which an organism lives on the surface or body of another organism, depends on it, and consumes its nutrients.

Example: Cistanche, fleas, lice and parasitic organisms, Cordyceps sinensis 5, Competition: Competition occurs when two organisms use the same resource at the same time.

For example, weeds and crops, five-clawed golden dragon and fir wood.

Summary: Relationships between organisms.

Intraspecific relations: intraspecific mutual assistance and intraspecific struggles.

Interspecific relationships: interspecific mutual assistance and interspecific competition.

Symbiosis Symbiosis.

Predation parasitism.

1. Parasitic relationship:

Most higher plants are self-reliant, absorbing water and inorganic salts directly from the soil or water through their roots, and at the same time, photosynthesizing through their own green tissues, producing the organic nutrients necessary for their growth and development. However, there are some higher plants that live a parasitic life without work, and the nutrients they need for growth and development must be obtained from the plants.

In this parasitic relationship, the injured party is called the host plant, and the beneficiary is called the parasitic plant.

2. Epiphytic relationship:

A plant can absorb water and produce nutrients on its own by living organisms of other plant species. Except for plants with epiphytic leaves, which will have a certain effect on the light conditions of the host, epiphytes generally do not cause damage to the host. The epiphytic phenomenon of plants is one of the main hallmark features of tropical rainforests.

3. Symbiotic relationship:

Typical symbiotic phenomena in the plant kingdom include lichens (symbiosis of algae and fungi), nodules (e.g., symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes), and mycorrhizae (symbiosis of fungi and other plant roots).

4. Mechanical relationship:

There are many plant species in the natural plant community, and some plant species with the same requirements for environmental factors show fierce competition with each other. Some plant species with different requirements for environmental factors not only have little competition, but sometimes show reciprocity. The mechanical relationship is mainly the relationship between plants that compete fiercely with each other, especially the relationship between vines and trees in the tropical rainforest.

5. Physiological and chemical relationship:

The exudates of some plants are beneficial for the growth and development of others, for example, the black elderberry is beneficial for the distribution of spruce roots; When honey locust, ash and seven-mile grow together, they have a significant promoting effect on each other. Some plants secrete a certain gas or sap from the body, which affects or inhibits the growth of other plants.

The relationships between organisms include: intraspecific relationships and interspecific relationships Intraspecific relationships are further divided into intraspecific mutual assistance and intraspecific competition; There are several forms of interspecific relationship: symbiosis, parasitism, predation, and interspecific competition

Therefore, the answer is: there is an interspecific relationship between organisms: mutual assistance, competition, symbiosis, predation, and parasitism; Intraspecific relations: struggle, mutual aid

The most common relationships between organisms are intraspecific relationships and interspecific relationships, and intraspecific relationships include intraspecific mutual assistance and intraspecific struggle. Interspecific relationships include predation, competition, symbiosis, parasitism, and interspecific mutual assistance.