How soils relate to living things

There is a materialist dialectical relationship between soil and living things.

First of all, the soil acts on organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms): the soil belongs to the lithosphere of the earth, and the rocks are weathered and eroded into the soil, and the soil is rich in minerals. The growth and metabolism of plants are inseparable from the participation of minerals, so plants depend on the soil; Animals live on plants and indirectly form a close relationship with the soil; A large proportion of microorganisms survive in the soil, which provides them with the right temperature and moderation as well as nutrients, and some microorganisms attach to rocks (mosses) to survive.

Then there are biological reactions to the soil: when plants absorb minerals from the soil, they exchange ions, for example, a barren land becomes fertile within a few years after planting alfalfa grass (which is also closely related to rhizobia); The hair and keratin of animals will be integrated into the soil, and the animal's poop will be degraded into a part of the soil by microorganisms after excretion, and the soil can be more fertile; Microorganisms act as scavengers in nature, degrading the carcasses of plants and animals to obtain nutrients, while these residues slowly integrate into the soil to enrich their mineral composition.

Dependent on the dependent.

Living things depend on soil, and without soil, living things cannot stand.

Without soil, there are no plants, there are no animals. Because plants are food for animals**. There are also no microorganisms, and microorganisms also live on soil, plants, and animals.

The soil provides nutrients and water for living organisms, and is also a medium for the extension and fixation of the roots of higher plants, ensuring that higher plants can grow upright without lodging. Organisms speed up the maturation process of the soil and bring organic matter to the soil, so that the soil has a good structure.

Soil is fertile when there is living organisms.

1. Form the soil structure.

The flora composition, biomass and life activities of microorganisms are closely related to the formation and development of soils. In soil, microorganisms exchange oxygen with carbon dioxide through metabolic activities and secrete organic acids that help soil particles form large aggregate structures and form a true sense of soil.

2. Decompose organic matter.

This is where the effect of microorganisms on the soil is more significant. Microorganisms have a decomposition effect, and microorganisms such as stump roots, rotten roots, and fallen leaves of crops can make them decay and decompose, and then convert them into nutrients to supply to crops. and the formation of humus in these processes, which improves the structure of the soil.

At the same time, the metabolites of microorganisms can also decompose minerals, and produce phosphorus, potassium and other elements for crops to absorb and utilize.

3. Nitrogen fixation.

Some microorganisms can provide "nitrogen fertilizer" to crops by converting nitrogen in the air. It's like when a person is in a plateau and has a hypoxic reaction, we use an oxygen cylinder to provide oxygen. Without oxygen cylinders, it is difficult for us to breathe enough oxygen to relieve the symptoms of hypoxia; Similarly, if there are no microorganisms, the nitrogen in the air will be wasted.

4. Remediation of diseases.

Some diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms, and we can use microorganisms that produce counterparts with them to prevent and control. Not only is it green, but the effect is also more outstanding. The problem lies in the first, and it is undoubtedly a better solution to solve it with the corresponding method.

In other words, it is understood: use a slaughtering knife to kill chickens? Of course, it is more convenient to use a chicken killing knife.

5. Pest control.

In nature, there are many microorganisms that have pathogenic effects on pests, and using this pathogenicity to control pests is an effective biological control method. Research on the use of microorganisms to control pests began in the 19th century, and gradually entered the stage of development and application in the first half of the 20th century. The rapid development of fungi and bacterial insecticides, at present, the most used bacteria are Bacillus thuringiensis, fungi mainly include Metaverium aeruginosa, Beauveria bassiana and so on.

6. Residue of degrading harmful substances.

Perennial soil will inevitably accumulate residual pesticides and even all kinds of garbage, which is harmful to the growth of crops. The microbiota can break down these harmful substances and make them less harmful or even harmless.

In terms of physical action:

1. It can prevent soil erosion. The plant's well-developed root system is able to hold the soil firmly in place and prevent it from being lost with water.

2. Prevent soil desert words. Surface plants are able to store water and protect the soil from wind.

3. Increase oxygen content. Certain organisms in the soil, such as earthworms and sulfidating bacteria, can improve the oxygen content of the soil, which is beneficial for plant growth.

In terms of chemical action:

Animal and plant metabolites, carcasses, etc., can increase the organic matter content in the soil and increase soil nutrients.

Soil organisms are mainly composed of three parts: soil animals, microorganisms and plants.

1. Soil animals: vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, molluscs. The second group of medium-sized animals, for example, arthropods such as mites and springtails, annelids such as worms.

2. Soil microorganisms: including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, viruses, algae, lichens, mosses, etc. Soil organisms in a broad sense also include some active organisms in the soil, such as plant roots, tubers, seeds, and insect eggs and pupa.

3. Plants: including trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, ferns, green algae, lichens and other familiar organisms. Plants can be classified into seed plants, bryophytes, ferns, etc.

Animals and microorganisms in the soil break down organic matter, provide nutrients to plants, and also loosen the soil. When the soil is improved, it is conducive to the growth of organisms in it. So the organisms in the soil are interdependent with the soil

Soil provides various environmental conditions necessary for microbial life and reproduction, and is the most stable habitat for microbial life. However, factors such as the amount of organic matter in the soil, plant roots, humidity and aeration, pH value, temperature, and pesticide use have a great impact on soil microorganisms, resulting in uneven distribution of microorganisms in the soil.

Due to the different soil-forming factors, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the climate of the soil are different, not only the number of microorganisms and the composition of the microflora in different regions and different levels, but also the number of microorganisms in different seasons of the year.

Be. Soil is a loose surface layer on the surface of the lithosphere, a substrate for terrestrial plant life and a substrate for terrestrial animal life. Soil not only provides essential nutrients and water for plants, but it is also a habitat for soil animals.

The formation of soil is inseparable from the activities of living organisms from the beginning, so the soil always contains a wide variety of organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, earthworms, molluscs and various arthropods. <

Be. Soil is a loose surface layer on the surface of the lithosphere, a substrate for terrestrial plant life and a substrate for terrestrial animal life. Soil not only provides essential nutrients and water for plants, but it is also a habitat for soil animals.

The formation of soil is inseparable from the activities of living organisms from the beginning, so the soil always contains a wide variety of organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, earthworms, molluscs and various arthropods.

According to statistics, a small spoonful of soil contains hundreds of millions of bacteria, and the fungi contained in 25 grams of forest humus can reach a length of up to 11 kilometers if arranged one by one. It can be seen that soil is an extremely complex complex in the biotic and abiotic environment, and the concept of soil always includes a large number of organisms living in the soil, and the activities of organisms promote the formation of the soil, and many types of organisms live in the soil.