What do you know about the dangers of anthrax to chili peppers?

Symptoms of pepper anthracnose.

This disease mainly affects near-ripe pepper fruits, and the affected fruits first appear moist, brown oval lesions, slightly concave, and obvious ring-shaped orange-red dots appear on the spots, and then turn into black dots, which are the conidia disc of the pathogen. When the weather is wet, it will overflow with pale pink granular viscosity, which belongs to the conidia mass of the germ. Leaf infections mostly occur on mature leaves, which can produce near-round brown lesions, but also produce small black spots arranged in a wheel-like pattern, and if the disease is severe, it can also cause defoliation.

The stems and stems of peppers are infected, and brown lesions with irregular short strips of depression appear, and the epidermis is prone to cracking when dry.

Causes of pepper anthracnose.

When we visited the field, we found that the local heavy crop planting has a high pathogen base, and the disease is more likely to expand and spread. The scattered diseased leaves and fruits are difficult to clean up in time, and even new stubble may cause disease outbreaks and epidemics. In addition, farmers apply nitrogen fertilizer, poor drainage, poor ventilation and light transmission, which will accelerate the epidemic of diseases, and the use of drugs is not timely, ignoring the protection and maintenance of pepper roots in the early stage, and unreasonable fertilization and medication, which are all factors that cause the outbreak of pepper anthracnose.

Comprehensive control measures for pepper anthracnose.

1) Reasonable crop rotation: we can consider at least 3 years of crop rotation with non-melon crops, and for areas with conditions, it is also necessary to implement water-drought rotation, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of pepper anthracnose.

2) Clean the field in time: After the pepper is harvested, we must clean up the diseased leaves, old leaves and plant residues out of the field in time, and concentrate on deep burial or incineration, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of anthrax in the second year.

3) Reasonable irrigation: in the flowering and fruiting period of pepper, we should irrigate reasonably according to the moisture, and in the later stage of pepper growth, we should also avoid flood irrigation, and try to implement drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in areas with conditions, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of anthracnose in pepper.

4) Pharmaceutical prevention and control: In the early stage of the disease, you can consider spraying 600-800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 500-600 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 800-1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, and 800-1000 times of 56% azoxystrobin chlorothalonil, with an interval of 7-10 days, and a total of 2-3 times of textile is required.

Black anthracnose mostly occurs on the fruits and leaves of peppers, especially mature fruits and old leaves. The lesions on the fruit are brown and water-stained, and after enlargement, they are concentric rings with irregular shape and slight bulge. The numerous black grains that grow on the lesions are the conidia of the pathogen.

There are moist discoloration circles around the periphery of the lesion. Diseased fruits are hung on branches after drying. The lesions on the leaves are irregularly shaped, with brown margins and gray middles.

Red anthrax occurs mostly on young and ripe fruits. The lesions are yellowish-brown and watery, pitted. The lesions are densely populated with vermilion dots, arranged in concentric rings, and the entire surface of the lesions overflows with a reddish sticky substance when wet.

This bacterium will affect the yield of peppers, which will lead to the rotting of peppers, and this pathogen requires the use of pesticides**, which has a very large impact on peppers, and this pathogen will affect the growth of peppers.

In addition to peppers, the disease also infects eggplants and tomatoes. It mainly harms fruits, especially those near maturity, and also infects leaves and stems.

It is easy to cause the pepper to rot, and there will be a lot of changes, the leaves will also turn yellow, and there will be a lot of spots on the surface of the pepper.

It's the rainy season. Heavy rains in many areas. A few days ago, heavy rains occurred in various parts of Henan Province, and farmland, vegetable fields, and orchards were flooded.

Pepper growers should do a good job of drainage and loosening the soil on the one hand, and prevent the occurrence of pepper anthracnose on the other hand. So how to prevent and control it? Let's find out.

Symptoms of pepper anthracnose.

After the occurrence of pepper anthracnose, it will cause a large number of fallen leaves and rotten fruits, usually reducing the yield by 20%-30%, which seriously affects the economic benefits of vegetable farmers. Pepper anthracnose mainly infects fruits, but also damages leaves, stems and fruit stalks.

1. Diseased leaves begin to appear greenish and water-soaked spots, gradually browning and light gray in the middle, and there are small black spots on the diseased spots. The stipe is injured and brown dented.

2. When the stems and fruit stalks are infected, irregular brown spots will appear, which are slightly concave and easy to crack when dry.

3. After the fruit is damaged, it begins to produce watery yellow-brown nearly round or irregular lesions, and then slightly concave, the center is gray-brown, with concentric circles on the ring and small black spots on the ring.

** of pepper anthracnose.

Generally speaking, continuous cropping with Solanaceae crops or plots, poor drainage in case of rain, and high planting density are conducive to the occurrence of diseases; If the plant lacks fertilizer and nutrients, the plant disease resistance is weak, and the number of pathogenic bacteria in the field is large or the seeds are infected, the disease is also beneficial. Extensive management, leaf spot disease, leaves and fruits exposed to the sun, can induce pepper anthracnose.

Fungicide for the prevention and control of pepper anthracnose.

If anthracnose is found, the filial piety type can be controlled with benzopyrazole fungicides, pychlorothiazide, prochlorazole, pyrazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole and other fungicides. Or during the onset of the disease, spray once after picking a batch of pepper fruits, focusing on the lower leaves and the back of the leaves.

Prevention and control measures for pepper anthracnose.

1. The seeds can be soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 30 minutes or 500 times in 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 1 hour.

2. Severely diseased fields should stop planting solanaceous crops for 2-3 years. It can be rotated with onions, garlic, cruciferous vegetables, etc. The selection of field crops can not make Solanaceae crops.

3. Strengthen field management, reasonable dense planting, and maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions, which can reduce field humidity and avoid damage to plant roots during weeding. Balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, appropriate supplementation of calcium, boron and other trace elements, to avoid immature application of organic fertilizer. Small amounts of diseased fruits and leaves can be removed, buried, or incinerated.

Prevent sunburn of fruits, remove field diseases, and reduce the source of pathogenic bacterial infection.

4. In case of heavy rain, poor drainage can easily lead to weak plant growth, decreased disease resistance, and the chance of anthracnose. At this time, the water should be released as soon as possible, and the loose soil should be ploughed in time to improve the physical properties of the soil. If facility cultivation is adopted, the soil shall be disinfected; Remove the stumps and diseased fruits in time, clean up the sediment attached to the stems and leaves, and cultivate the soil and fix the roots in time.

The above is an introduction to pepper anthracnose, I hope it will be helpful to the majority of pepper growers.

For the prevention and control of pepper anthracnose, it is necessary to combine agricultural prevention and control + chemical control, strengthen various management on a daily basis, do a good job in prevention in advance, detect early, use drugs rationally, and control the development and spread of the disease.

1. Agricultural prevention and control.

1) Reduce the number of pathogens in the field.

Pepper belongs to nightshade vegetables, so it can not be rotated with similar vegetables, and corn, melons, beans, rice can be rotated, the rotation time should be 3 years, through crop rotation, the number of pathogens in the soil is reduced year by year;

2) Qingyuan. No matter what kind of crops are harvested, a comprehensive garden cleaning should be carried out, and all kinds of diseased residues and weeds should be taken out of the garden for centralized burning and treatment, so as to avoid the overwintering of pathogens in the body of diseased residues;

3) Remove the diseased part in time.

Once the infected tissue is found, it should be removed and treated in time;

4) Soaking. It can be soaked in warm water or copper sulfate solution, and then germinated and sown.

2. Strengthen pre-planting management.

1) Choose disease-resistant varieties.

Planting in plots with easy drainage, high ridge cultivation, and digging drainage ditches before planting to avoid high humidity caused by water accumulation in the field;

2) Maintain a reasonable planting density.

The distance between the branches and leaves at the adult stage is next to each other but not crowded;

3) Choose seedlings that grow robustly.

Choose seedlings with neat and moderate shapes, large and thick leaves, well-developed root systems, and thick stems for colonization, with a planting depth of 4-5 cm. Before planting, the soil should be turned deeply, and the organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied thoroughly to supplement nutrients and improve the disease resistance of plants.

3. Strengthen field management.

1) Use more organic fertilizer, reasonably increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and spray foliar fertilizer reasonably according to the actual condition of pepper;

2) After entering the full fruiting period, pruning and erecting the frame in time to carry out topping, reduce the mutual covering of branches and leaves, and enhance the light transmission and air permeability of the field.

2. Chemical control.

Preventive drugs: 80% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid or 25% amicida suspension 1500 times liquid spray can be used to reduce the occurrence of diseases. After the onset of the disease, you can seize the early stage of the disease, with 75% Daknin wettable powder 600 times liquid or 70% product dry suspension 600 times liquid for prevention and control, every 7-10 days with a total of 2-3 times, spraying must pay attention to spraying evenly, spray thoroughly.

The best way to prevent it is to water and fertilize it, and the soil should be renovated in a timely manner, in which case certain diseases will be prevented, and certain pests can be prevented.