What are the diseases that potatoes are prone to? What precautions should I take?

The selection of early-maturing and disease-resistant varieties, the selection of high terrain, fertile soil planting, increase the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, through reasonable dense planting, timely removal of field disease residues, can effectively reduce the source of disease in the field, after the onset of the disease can be sprayed with mancozeb, zebzeb, difenoconazole and other agents, the effect is very significant. The planting of potatoes is generally divided into two seasons of planting, the first season is planted in March to April, harvested in June and July, and the second season is planted after September, called autumn potato, which can be harvested in the coming year, but our rural areas are generally planted with spring artichoke, which is the first season, which is good to plant, and there are few pests and diseases.

<> in the main potato producing areas where pests and diseases occur seriously or at the same time, we should vigorously promote biological control in line with the principle of "prevention first", scientifically apply chemical pesticides, coordinate agriculture, physics, biology and other control technologies Seriously infected tubers can be seen after cutting, and squeezing by hand will overflow milky disease, but the potato flesh and endothelial layer are not separated, which is the main difference between bacterial wilt and ring rot.

In moist and warm conditions, the lesions can enlarge and soften, and the medullary tissue decays, giving it a gray or light yellow color. After the plant is infected, it is generally the leaves, petioles and even stems that appear to have tissue softening and rotting. Although potato black spot disease only breaks down the outer skin, the inside of the potato is not damaged, and it is completely edible.

However, it does not look beautiful, and even if it is harmless to the human body, it is easy to cause psychological shadows.

If the disease is caused on the tuber, the lesions will only appear at the beginning, but with the climate change, it will slowly become dry and hard. If the weather is wet, the lesions will rot, which will seriously affect potato production. Mainly damage the leaves, after the onset of the disease on the leaves appear irregular brown patches, with the aggravation of the disease, the plaques gradually fade and eventually form perforations, when the disease is severe, the stems and roots will also be damaged, and eventually lead to the death of the whole plant.

Because they are all plants of the same family, they are susceptible to the same pests and diseases, and they are spread through the soil, which is not conducive to the growth of potatoes planted later, increases unnecessary management, and the yield and quality may be low.

Diseases that potatoes are susceptible to are: early blight, leaf spot, late blight. Preventive measures: 1. Implement crop rotation and deep tillage to effectively reduce harmful pathogenic bacteria in the soil. 2. When the disease occurs, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 liquid spray can be used for prevention and control.

1. Early blight, the disease mainly harms the leaves and tubers, scattered brown spots will appear after the leaves, and then expand into irregular concentric rings, surrounded by narrow faded halos, black mold will appear in a humid environment, the leaves will dry and fall off in the later stage, after the tuber is damaged, it will form dark brown to amorphous spots in a nearly circular circle, and the potato flesh tissue under the lesions will become brown and dry rot. Control methods: select early-maturing and disease-resistant varieties, choose high terrain and fertile soil for planting, increase the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, remove field disease residues in time through reasonable dense planting, which can effectively reduce the source of disease in the field, and can be sprayed with mancozeb, zepzeb, difenoconazole and other agents after the onset of the disease, and the effect is very significant.

Early blight, leaf spot, late blight, master scientific pest control methods, the implementation of crop rotation deep ploughing, planting early-maturing and disease-resistant varieties, planting detoxified seed potatoes, selecting high terrain, fertile soil planting, increasing the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, through reasonable dense planting, timely removal of field disease residues, timely spraying after the onset of the disease.

The leaves of the potatoes were bitten by Sister Hua, and there were many notches. When there are more insects, the potato leaves are mutilated and polished, leaving only the epidermis of the leaves, and the mesophyll is eaten away. Chemical control:

Late blight, ring rot and black stem disease are treated with 1000 times of mancozeb or 1000 times of manganese zinc of Ruifu. Spray once every 7 10 days, spray 2 3 times in a row, and you can also spray with 600 times of Kelu, Redomir or Golden Redomir. sterilization and insecticide through deep turning and exposure to the sun in summer; In addition, after the autumn harvest, deep ploughing and deep harrowing are carried out to turn the pests to the surface of the soil, and freeze to death the larvae, pupae and adults who overwinter to reduce the number of overwintering and the number of pests.

Aphids Aphids are the most familiar to growers, can be seen on most crops, due to their small size and strong reproductive ability, a little careless, will flood. Commonly used control agents are: anti-aphid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, mole cricket.

The most effective control method is to carry out water-drought rotation, and the application of organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed. If the above measures cannot be prevented, poisonous bait is used to trap and kill, and cornmeal mixed with insecticides is generally used in the north to spread. Mix some insecticidal drugs with wheat bran and sprinkle them in the ground, which can play a role in killing spring, or when irrigating, mix with insecticides and flush them into the water.

<> apply pesticides to prevent and control underground pests when turning over the ground and fertilizing, but can not prevent them all, there will definitely be a little bit of pest seed potato coating, you can choose 70% thiamethoxam dispersible seed treatment agent, according to 100 kg of seed potatoes plus 10-15 grams of pesticides and seed potatoes mixed well with poison bait mixed with fried wheat bran, cornmeal, made into poisonous bait, sprinkled in the field! Pesticides to control underground pests can be applied when fertilizing the ground. Homemade insecticides to control underground pests Mash garlic and sprinkle it in potting soil to loosen citrus peel liquid:

Take 50 grams of citrus peel, add 500 grams of water and soak for 24 hours, filter and pour the filtrate into the soil. Sprinkle some lime in the agricultural fertilizer, you can have a 2:1 ratio, lime has an insecticidal effect, the southwest of the potato planting is the agricultural fertilizer added to the roasted tobacco residue, tobacco residue is also insecticidal, and there is a planting potato should choose fertile soil.

Before planting potatoes, the soil is deeply cleaned of pests and diseases. Because it is difficult to apply a potion to a potato once it is planted, it is necessary to apply enough potion before planting to avoid pests and diseases.

There should be some good precautions for potatoes. Do some good disinfection of the potato fields before planting. This step is important. It was only later that it was possible to increase the yield of potatoes.

After planting for a period of time, spraying potatoes with pesticides in time must be prevented as early as possible.

Late Blight: Potato late blight occurs mainly on the foliar surface and spreads to the potatoes over time. In the early stage of the disease, there will be some spots on the leaves, which will slowly turn brown, and in the case of dryness, the whole plant will slowly dry up and wither, and if the environment is relatively moist, the potatoes will begin to rot and stink.

Prevention and control: Detoxified potatoes can be used when sowing, and seed potatoes must be treated well before sowing, such as soaking seeds with Best wettable powder for 10-15 minutes, and sowing after drying. Cultivation management must be carried out strictly, and sowing must be done in loose soil and well-drained areas, and timely drainage and irrigation must be carried out to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

In the early stage of the disease, you can use a concentration of 72% Best WP**, and use 600-800 times the liquid each time to spray.

Potato planting precautions.

When the sown potato tubers are sown at a depth of 10 cm below the ground and the soil temperature reaches 7 degrees to 8 degrees, the young shoots can grow, and at 10 to 20 degrees Celsius, the young shoots thrive and emerge quickly. The difference between the temperature of the sprout block and the soil temperature should be less than that during sowing, and the sowing should be stopped in too hot, too humid and too cold weather to prevent the bud from rotting. Pay attention to the temperature in the morning and evening, if the temperature does not allow it in the morning, sow it after the temperature is suitable, and end the sowing after the temperature does not allow it in the afternoon.

The sowing depth should be determined according to the soil quality and moisture, when the soil is loose, it should be sown deeply, the clay and the lower wetland can be appropriately shallow, the depth of 9-10 cm is easy, and the depth is 12-15 cm. According to the order of harvest and the climate of the year, the sowing depth should be appropriately adjusted, first shallower, then deeper, more rainy and shallower, less rainy and deeper.

When the leaves are injured, they will produce small spots of wet, greenish-brown with a gray-green halo on the edges, and when the humidity is high, a circle of white mold will also appear, which will be dry brown in the later stage, brittle and easy to crack. After the stem is injured, there will be large black-brown patches, which will expand and rot in the later stage, and the planting of tide potatoes is generally divided into two seasons of planting, the first season is planted in March and April, and it will be harvested in June and July, and the second season is planted after September, called autumn potato, which can be harvested in the coming year, but our rural areas are generally planted with spring potatoes, which is the first season.

<> in the main potato producing areas where pests and diseases occur seriously or at the same time, we should vigorously promote biological control, scientifically apply chemical pesticides, coordinate agricultural, physical, biological and other control technologies, and give full play to the root rot, leaf yellow disease, and stem rot in the potato planting process.

Then put trichlorfon into an appropriate amount of warm water to dissolve into a liquid medicine. You can also use dichlorvos, water in the ratio of 1 5 to dissolve, spray evenly on chopped gray cabbage, spiny cabbage and other grasses with a sprayer, divide it into small piles at night and put it in a suitable plot to facilitate the growth of potatoes, yield and quality are guaranteed, under normal circumstances, choose a plot with good drainage, deep soil, flat terrain and relatively fertile soil. The deep soil layer can ensure the nutrient absorption of the potatoes, and the loose soil is conducive to the potatoes.

Prevention during sowing: After the potatoes are planted in the field, cover the surface of the box with plastic film, and press the soil at the edge of the plastic film to prevent the soil from being blown up by the wind. Covering the surface of the box with plastic film is not only conducive to preventing the growth of weeds, but also can increase the soil temperature and accelerate the germination and growth of potato seeds.

First, when preparing the land before sowing, it is necessary to carefully clean up the straw and weeds left over from the stubble crops, and the bottom fertilizer should be applied to the fully rotted farmhouse fertilizer, so as to prevent it from carrying the grass seeds that have not been killed into the soil, so as to inhibit the first part of the weeds and reduce the pressure of hoeing after the emergence of potatoes.

It should be watered and fertilized in a timely manner, and the corresponding transplanting techniques should also be learned, and the nutrient solution should also be replenished in time, and the sufficient light and soil should also be ensured. Of course, pests and diseases will occur, so pesticides should be sprayed in time.

Yes, pests and diseases are inevitable. Pay attention to the survival rate of potatoes, and regularly remove weeds, spray pesticides, fertilize, and bury soil regularly to ensure the growth of potatoes, etc.

Key technologies of cultivation management, such as comprehensive management, fine pruning, reasonable scientific fertilization, pest control, and variety improvement. It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, the prevention and control of insect diseases, and the prevention and control of pest and disease attacks.

The common potato diseases are potato late blight, potato early blight, potato ring rot

1. Potato late blight: also known as blight, is a devastating disease, the seedling stage to the adult stage can be diseased, the affected leaves at the beginning of the leaf tip or leaf edge of the water-stained dark green spots, when the wet lesions expand rapidly, the junction of disease and health is not obvious, the edge of the leaf back lesions is a circle of white mold, when the disease leaves wilt and turn brown and die, and even the whole leaf is scorched. Slightly depressed brown streaks of varying lengths grow on the affected stems.

The tuber is infected with initial brown or purple-brown sunken lesions. Cut the diseased potatoes, and the cortex under the lesions turns reddish-brown. When dry, the diseased spots are dry and hard, and when wet, the diseased potatoes turn brown and rot, with a putrid smell, and the epidemic year has serious losses.

2. Potato early blight: potato early blight can occur from seedling stage to adult plant stage, mainly affecting leaves, petioles and tubers. The affected leaves are left with black-brown, nearly circular necrotic lesions with obvious concentric rings, and in severe cases, the diseased leaves turn brown and die.

The petioles and stems are damaged, mostly at the branches, and the lesions are oblong, black-brown, and have whorl lines. Tubers are diseased, with nearly round dark brown lesions on the surface. When wet, black mold can grow on the lesions.

3. Potato ring rot: potato seedling stage to adult plant stage can be damaged, but the field mostly starts to develop the disease at the budding stage. Sowing diseased potatoes can cause bud wilting and dead seedlings or form diseased seedlings.

After the onset of the plant, the initial aboveground part gradually wilts, the leaves curl inward, as if lacking water, and then the plant slowly dies. Sometimes the tips and margins of the stems of diseased plants turn brown, and the upper parts are mottled with yellow and green, and the disease is aggravated, causing the whole leaves to brown and die, or even the whole plant to die. The vascular bundles of the stems of the diseased plants have light discoloration.

Tuber disease, mild appearance is asymptomatic, cut the diseased potato, the vascular bundle becomes pale yellow or milky yellow, the skin of the seriously diseased potato tuber is soft, rough, easy to peel, and the vascular bundle is darker, so it is called ring rot.

Prevention and control methods: 1. Select disease-resistant varieties, do not transport diseased potatoes from diseased areas, and eliminate diseased potatoes when sowing.

2. Select disease-free seed potatoes and carry out disinfection treatment to avoid knife cutting and disease transmission, and sow small potatoes as much as possible.

3. Strengthen cultivation management, choose high-terrain, fertile and loose sandy loam land for planting, apply enough organic bottom fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, find diseased plants in the field and eliminate diseased residues in time and burn them in a centralized manner, and at the same time remove diseased potatoes and take them out of the field for deep burial.

4. Pharmaceutical prevention and control: choose low-toxicity and high-efficiency agents for prevention and control.

In addition to the above-mentioned diseases, there are many potato diseases, and the production should be based on the occurrence and development of field diseases and the selection of different agents and control methods for different diseases, so as to minimize the harm caused by diseases.