Doubts about the color of thunder and lightning during heavy rain 5

Thunder and lightning are the phenomenon of electrical discharge in thunderstorm clouds. There are certain conditions for the formation of thunderstorm clouds, that is, there must be sufficient water vapor in the air, there must be a power to make the moist air rise, and the air must be able to produce violent convective movements. In spring and summer, due to the influence of the warm and humid airflow from the south, the air is humid, and at the same time, the solar radiation is strong, the air near the ground is constantly heated and rises, and the cold air in the upper layer sinks, which is easy to form strong convection, so there are many thunderstorms and even hail.

In winter, due to the control of the continental cold air mass, the air is cold and dry, and the solar radiation is weak, the air is not easy to form violent convection, so thundershowers rarely occur. However, sometimes the weather is warm in winter, and the warm and humid air is stronger, and when the strong cold air in the north occasionally goes south, the warm and humid air is forced to rise, and the convection intensifies, thundershowers will be formed, and the so-called "thunder winter" phenomenon appears. Meteorologists also say that the generation of thunderstorms does not depend on the temperature itself, but on the distribution of the temperature up and down.

In other words, although the temperature is not high in winter, if the temperature difference between the upper and lower reaches a certain value, strong convection can also be formed, resulting in thunderstorms. Winter thunder is rare in China, but it often occurs in the winter in Toronto, Canada When the air is extremely unstable, it is easy to have a strong upward convective movement, and the formation of towering cumulonimbus clouds, the clouds are filled with water vapor running up and down, static electricity will be generated, the upper end of the cloud will produce a positive charge, the lower end of the cloud will produce a negative charge, and the ground is a positive charge, then, there is air as an insulator between the positive and negative charges, if the voltage difference between the positive and negative charges is large enough to break through the air of the insulator, so that the air expands in an instant** , heat and glow, glow is lightning, expansion ** makes a huge sound is thunder. The color of lightning is most common in white, but there are also red and green; The shape is mostly dendritic, but there are also pearl-shaped and rocket-shaped.

Lightning is an arc discharge, emitting white light, and contains a large amount of ultraviolet light, thus giving people a purple feeling The color of light is only a part, red mainly comes from the chemical change of some gases in the air under the action of strong light, generating colored gases Blue and white light is the light of different wavelengths seen by the naked eye, when the cloud movement is intense, the fire light produced - that is, the lightning energy is very large, it ionizes the air to produce violet light with short wavelength and high energy, and vice versa, it is red light Black lightning It turns out that due to the action of sunlight, cosmic rays, electric fields of clouds, linear lightning and some physical and chemical factors in the atmosphere, a kind of chemically active particles will be produced in the sky, and under the action of electromagnetic fields, this kind of emblem particles will gather together, and can roll bigger and bigger like a snowball, forming balls of different sizes. Lightning is the light of fire produced when the clouds move violently, and it ionizes the air to produce light of different wavelengths, with short wavelengths. The high energy tends to be violet light, and vice versa, it is red light.

The air currents in thunderstorm clouds produce static electricity through friction and the decomposition of water molecules. There are two types of electricity. One is the positive charge from the positively charged particle, and the other is the negative charge from the negatively charged particle.

Positive and negative charges attract each other like a magnet. The positive charge is at the top of the cloud, and the negative charge at the bottom attracts the positive charge from the ground. The air between the clouds and the ground is an insulator that blocks the passage of electricity from the poles.

When charged cumulonimbus clouds are closer to the ground, they have different charges on the ground and at the base of the cloud due to electrostatic induction.

When the charge reaches a certain level, the cumulonimbus cloud discharges towards the ground, which is called a mine. And such mines can easily cause disaster. It also includes the number of lightning bolts from cloud to ground in about 50 milliseconds, or about 4 separate lightning bolts.

Lightning is a phenomenon of electrical discharge in thunderstorm clouds. Thunderclouds generally require two conditions, adequate water vapor and strong convection. In winter, there are few lightning bolts because the air is cold and dry, and the solar radiation is weak, and convection currents are not easily formed in the air.

When the air is unstable, it is easy to form a strong upward convective movement, and form a towering cumulonimbus cloud, the cloud is filled with water vapor moving up and down, which will produce static electricity, in which the upper end of the cloud will produce a positive charge, the lower end of the cloud will produce a negative charge, and the ground will be negatively charged, although there is a voltage difference between the two negative charges, however, there is air as an insulator between the two negative charges, and the discharge cannot occur. If the voltage difference between the two negative charges is large enough to break through the insulating air, the air expands, instantaneously, emitting heat and light. Light is lightning, and the loud sound of expansion and ** is thunder.

Because there are some special substances in the clouds, static electricity can be generated through friction and electrolysis of water molecules, and static electricity is further developed to produce positive and negative electricity, they attract each other, and at the same time generate positive charges in the clouds, and lightning is produced in the process of colliding with each other, because the speed of light is greater than the speed of sound, so the lightning will be seen first and thunder will be heard.

Some of the substances in the clouds, it produces static electricity through friction, and static electricity then produces positive and negative electricity through development, they attract each other, and collide with each other to produce lightning, because the speed of light is faster than the speed of sound, so you will hear thunder first and then see lightning.

The main reason for the occurrence of thunder and lightning is that the cloud with the negative electrode and the cloud with the positive electrode touch each other, resulting in sparks, and the sparks will produce a large amount of heat energy in the process of generation, and thunder and lightning will appear in the process of releasing this heat energy.

There are some charges in the primary layer, and these charges will be discharged.

Due to the presence of some special substances in the clouds, perhaps through the contradiction and the electrolytic infection of water molecules to generate static electricity, the further growth of static electricity produces positive and negative electricity, mutual absorption, and at the same time in the clouds to produce positive charges, lightning is produced in the process of colliding with each other, because the speed of light is greater than the speed of sound

When thunder and lightning come, pay attention to the following situations:

When thunderstorm and lightning, please unplug the power plug and do not turn on household appliances such as TVs, computers, VCD players, etc., to avoid lightning injury and damage to electrical appliances.

When water enters the house, the main switch of the incoming power supply should be disconnected in time to prevent water leakage of electrical equipment.

It is not advisable to use solar water heaters for bathing during thunderstorms, and solar water heaters are basically installed on the roof, which is likely to cause lightning.

Do not touch metal objects such as gas pipes and water pipes.

When heavy rain and thunder and lightning are combined, wired and wireless should be used with caution**, thunderstorm weather, when the mobile phone is turned on, especially when receiving **, the electromagnetic wave signal is strong, and it is easy to cause "induction thunder".

Hope we are helpful to you.

Household appliances are waterproof. If your home is flooded, you should first cut off the power supply. If the appliance has been immersed in water, a professional meter should be used to test the insulation resistance of the equipment before re-use, and dry it according to the situation until the insulation is good.

Prevent leakage electric shock. Pay attention to check whether the rubber of the household appliance wire is damaged. If there is leakage, a leakage switch should be installed. It is best to cut off the power supply when the appliance is not in use.

Make sure your hands and feet are dry. In summer, under the high temperature and heavy rain, the indoor humidity makes people sweat easily, and the possibility and severity of electric shock are greater. Therefore, special care should be taken not to repair live wiring or equipment in your home with bare hands and feet.

Power transmission can only be resumed after it is safe. Power supply facilities that have been soaked in water and cause power outages should not be powered immediately after the water recedes, but should be carefully inspected to ensure safety before resuming power transmission.

Try not to use electrical equipment during thunderstorms. Don't leave it to chance, regret it once an accident happens.

No insulation protection, do not go into the water to save people. If someone is found to be electrocuted, the power supply should be cut off immediately, or the injured person should be disconnected from the power supply as soon as possible with a non-conductive object, such as a dry wooden stick, bamboo stick or dry cloth. Before being disconnected from the power supply, do not directly contact the person who has been electrocuted to prevent yourself from being electrocuted.

Call 95598 in time. If you find that there are wires broken and falling to the ground, electric poles tilting or falling to the ground, and tree branches backing up lines; It is found that there is a discharge phenomenon in the line and transformer; If you find that the power supply facilities are seriously soaked in water, please do not approach them and call 95598 in time.

Keep away from power supply facilities and stagnant water spots. In case of heavy rain, it is best to walk on the side without power lines and try to stay away from stagnant water spots. It is not advisable to take shelter from thunderstorms under large trees, and if you have to do so, you should keep a distance of at least 5 meters from the trunk of the tree, squat down and keep your legs together.

Thunderstorms are torrential rains. Thunderstorms are localized, severe convective weather that can be seen in tropical and temperate regions. Thunderstorms can be accompanied by lightning strikes, lightning, strong winds, and heavy precipitation, such as rain or hail.

Supercell thunderstormsAlso known as super cell storms, they occur when wind shear is extremely high and consist of a variety of thunderstorms of varying severity. This type of thunderstorm is the most destructive and has a 30% chance of producing a tornado.

According to the different atmospheric conditions and topographic conditions when thunderstorms are formed, thunderstorms are generally divided into three categories: thermal thunderstorms, frontal thunderstorms and terrain thunderstorms. In addition, there are also people who classify thunderstorms that occur in winter as winter thunderstorms, which are called winter thunderstorms. In the south of our country, the so-called dry thunderstorms, also called dry thunderstorms, often occur.

The proverb that thunderstorms are not rivers means that you cannot cross the river when there is a hot thunderstorm. Reason:

Thermal thunderstorms are often accompanied by strong rainstorms, and crossing the river at this time is in danger of swelling or not returning. So don't cross the river in case of a hot thunderstorm. A type of thermal thunderstorm air mass thunderstorm.

It is formed by thermal uplift, and mostly occurs inside a single air mass. The formation of thunderclouds is caused by strong upward and downward convection of the lower air heating or cooling of the upper air, and is often determined by local conditions such as topography, temperature and humidity. In the continent, such thunderstorms are common in summer, and it occurs in the summer afternoons of sultry, windless and sunny summer.

The effect of the heating of the lower air is particularly obvious in some high places and on small hills, so there are many thermal thunderstorms in such places. These thunderstorms are accompanied by intense heavy rainfall, which develops quickly and falls rapidly, often with hail and numerous lightning bolts, but the thunderstorms are extremely unevenly distributed.

"Thunder and lightning" natural phenomenon.

Thunder and lightning is a majestic and somewhat intimidating electrical discharge phenomenon accompanied by lightning and thunder. Thunder and lightning are generally generated in cumulonimbus clouds with strong convection, so they are often accompanied by strong gusts of wind and heavy rain, and sometimes hail and tornadoes. The top of the cumulonimbus cloud is generally high, up to 20 km, and the upper part of the cloud often has ice crystals.

Processes such as the attachment of ice crystals, the breaking of water droplets, and the convection of air cause electric charges to be generated in the clouds. The distribution of charges in the cloud is more complex, but in general, the upper part of the cloud is dominated by positive charges and the lower part is dominated by negative charges. As a result, a potential difference is formed between the upper and lower parts of the cloud.

When the potential difference reaches a certain level, an electric discharge will be generated, which is our common lightning phenomenon. The average current of lightning is 30,000 amps, and the maximum current can reach 300,000 amps. The voltage of lightning is high, about 100 million to 1 billion volts.

A moderate thunderstorm can reach 10 million watts, which is equivalent to the output of a small nuclear power plant. During the discharge, due to the sudden increase in temperature in the lightning channel, the volume of air expands dramatically, resulting in a shock wave that causes a strong thunderclap. When a charged thundercloud comes close to a protrusion on the ground, a violent discharge occurs between them.

At the site of the lightning discharge, there will be a strong flash of light and a roar. This is the lightning and thunder that people see and hear.

The atmospheric pressure decreases significantly, the clouds thicken, and the electric potential between the clouds and the earth increases.

Lightning is a natural phenomenon.

We want to know that there will be thundershowers on Wednesday afternoon, and it will rain for three consecutive days, please bring your clothes, umbrellas, etc., by the way, thundershowers and lightning will not last long.

An important factor influencing the color of lightning is temperature. There's a law of physics that says that light starts orange at about 1,000 degrees Celsius, and as the temperature rises, the color shifts to blue. This is also the law of the common existence of luminous colors of high-temperature objects, from red carbon blocks to incandescent lamps to purple electric welding.

The gas is ionized at high voltages, and in the collision between the charged particles and the gas atoms, the excess energy is emitted in the form of light. Because of the different molecular structures of gases, small structural differences often cause obvious differences in the frequency of light, resulting in various colors of light. For example, neon signs, flame reactions and other colorful colors are caused by this effect.

According to folklore, blue lightning indicates hail, white lightning indicates dry weather, yellow lightning is caused by dust, and red lightning indicates that a downpour is likely. There is some truth to this statement, because dust and gas particles can scatter and absorb light, resulting in different colors.

Oxygen produces ozone under the condition of discharge: 3O2 = Discharge = 2O3 Oxygen and nitrogen form nitric oxide under the condition of discharge: O2 + N2 = Discharge = 2No Nitric oxide is oxidized by oxygen to nitrogen dioxide:

2NO+O2=2NO2 nitrogen dioxide reacts with rainwater to form nitric acid and nitric oxide: 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO.