I would like to know the chemistry of laundry detergent

It is recommended to go back to school to re-understand chemistry problems.

How it works:Laundry detergents are lipophilic, i.e. able to attract water molecules.

After pouring the laundry detergent into the washing machine, the surface adheres to it. At the same time, the hydrophilic part repels the grease and reduces the intermolecular attraction that keeps the water molecules bound to each other (the forces of attraction that make the water beads appear to be encased in an elastic film), and the individual molecules are able to penetrate between the surface of the object to be cleaned and the dirt particles.

Hence it can be said that surfactants.

Reducing the amount of energy or hand rubbing can cause the dirt particles surrounded by the active molecules on the surface to fall off, and the dirt particles are the dirt particles that are suspended on the object with lipophilia and can be removed during the rinsing stage.

Decontamination can also be based on surface active substances and cations.

surfactants. Anion.

The surfactant has a negative charge and is effective for removing solid dirt particles (dust, grease, etc.).

Laundry detergent contains five categories of ingredients: active edge ingredients, washing aids, cushioning ingredients, synergistic ingredients, and auxiliary ingredients.

1. The active ingredient is a kind of substance called trembling dust as a surfactant, which weakens the adhesion between the stain and the clothes, and makes the stains separate from the clothes under the action of washing water flow and hand rubbing or machine washing, so as to achieve the purpose of washing clothes;

2. The washing aid ingredient softens the water through the hardness ions contained in the pure mercury, so as to protect the surfactant and make it play the maximum role;

3. The buffer components are generally alkaline substances such as soda ash and water glass, which makes the detergent in an alkaline state and is conducive to the removal of acidic stains;

4. Synergistic ingredients can improve the cleaning effect, improve whiteness retention, protect the fabric and enhance the feel;

5. Auxiliary ingredients play a great role in the processing process of the product and the sensory indicators of the product.

Soaps and detergents are chemical changes. Soap is alkaline and removes grease. Detergents are divided into kitchen detergents and toilet detergents, kitchen fumes are heavy, detergents are alkaline, and toilet detergents are mainly limescale and acidic.

Laundry detergent is not clear, some may contain the ingredients of detergent or soap, some may not, 2, physical change, laundry detergent dissolves The lipophilic base of dish soap adsorbs oil stains, and its hydrophilic base is sucked into the water by water. No new matter is generated. It is a physical change, 2, a physical change, the essence is that the lipophilic group of dish soap adsorbs oil stains, and its hydrophilic base is sucked into the water by water.

No new substances are formed during this process.

Hope it can help you, 1, there are both physical and chemical changes. Laundry detergents, detergents, and soaps all contain surfactants, which wrap dirt on clothes and keep them off the surface. However, the alkaline substances of these detergents can also undergo chemical changes with the salts and acids on the clothes, and some organic substances in the detergent may also metacompose with the ions in the water (hard water).

Do these things work, you ask?..1, chemical change, 0, is it a physical or chemical change to wash clothes with laundry detergent.

What about washing things with detergent and soap?

Please go into details.

1.The main ingredients of laundry detergent are anionic surfactants, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, a small amount of nonionic surfactants, plus some additives, phosphate, silicate, yuanming powder, fluorescent agent, enzyme, etc., which are made by mixing, spraying and other processes, and now most of them use 4A fluorite instead of phosphate.

2.Laundry detergent refers to a synthetic detergent in powder form (granular).

3.Laundry detergent is an alkaline synthetic detergent that is a chemical agent used to wash clothes.

The principle of decontamination of laundry detergent is to contain active ingredients, and the function of washing active ingredients is to weaken the adhesion between stains and clothes, and to remove stains from clothes under the action of mechanical forces such as washing water flow and hand rubbing or washing machine agitation, so as to achieve the purpose of washing clothes.

In terms of composition, the surfactant molecule has a typical two-end structure: one end is a hydrophilic and oil-repellent group, which is easily soluble in water and is called a hydrophilic group; At the other end is a lipophilic and hydrophobic group, which is insoluble in water and soluble in oil, which is known as a hydrophobic group. When the surfactant is dissolved in water, on the water surface, the hydrophilic group of the surfactant molecule is on the water side, while the hydrophobic group is repelled from the outside of the water, forming a directional arrangement of surfactant molecules.

The directional arrangement of the surfactant molecules weakens the gravitational attraction between the surface water molecules, which can strongly reduce the surface tension of the water, thereby increasing the wetting penetration of the water into the clothes, and at the same time can promote the dispersion and emulsification of the stain and fall off the surface of the clothing. When the surface of the water is occupied, the surface tension of the water is reduced to a minimum.

When the surfactant is filled on the surface of the water, other surfactant molecules enter the solution and form micelles. Micellars are countless surfactant molecules gathered together to form a ball or rod, and its arrangement is also very orderly, all of which are directional arrangements of hydrophilic groups facing outward and lipophilic groups facing inward.

When washing clothes, the hydrophobic group (lipophilic) in the surfactant molecule wets and dissolves the oil stain through mechanical rubbing and water washing, and disperses it into a fine emulsion that enters the micelle, so that the stain of the garment falls off.

On the surface, it appears that the water dissolves the stain, but in fact, the stain is wetted and dispersed by the surfactant molecules, and enters the stable micelle surrounded by the surfactant molecules in the form of an emulsion. Finally, after rinsing with clean water, the stain obediently slipped away with the water.

On the surface, it is the solubility of water to stains that increases, but in essence, it is the function of surfactant molecules - solubilization and improvement of washing effect; In addition, some surfactants also have a foaming effect, and these synergistic effects work together to reduce the adhesion between the stain and the clothing, and then wash the clothing under the action of water flow and external forces.

Powders are surface-active chemicals that improve the ability to impregnate water while removing dirt particles by taking advantage of the mechanism of intermolecular repulsion. Due to the form of the surfactant molecules, the laundry detergent can perform its dual function. One end of the surfactant molecule is lipophilic, that is, it attracts lipid molecules on the one hand, and repels water at the same time; At the other end, there are only hydrophilic bodies, which are able to attract water molecules.

After pouring the detergent into the washing machine, the lipophilic part of the surfactant molecules adheres vigorously to any surface that is not filled with water, that is, to the surface of the object being washed (the surface of the body or the surface of the cloth). At the same time, the hydrophilic part repels the grease and reduces the intermolecular attraction that keeps the water molecules bound to each other (the forces of attraction that make the water beads appear to be encased in an elastic film), and the individual molecules are able to penetrate between the surface of the object to be cleaned and the dirt particles. Therefore, it can be said that the surfactant reduces the surface tension of the water.

The mechanical function of the washing machine or the rubbing of the hand can cause the detachment of dirt particles surrounded by the active molecules on the surface, which adhere to the surface-active molecules along with the lipophilic part. As a result, the dirt particles that are still suspended on the object can be removed during the flushing phase.

Decontamination substances can also be subdivided according to the electrostatic repulsion mechanism between molecules. Dirt is charged, and for this reason, surfactants are classified according to their charges, i.e., anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants. The surfactant of the anionic has a negative charge and is effective in removing solid dirt particles (dust, grease, etc.).

Soap, for example, is a typical negatively charged surfactant that combines with the ions (magnesium and calcium) that cause hard water quality to form an insoluble layer of dirt foam. The cationic surfactant has a positive charge and can be used as a disinfectant. In fact, bacteria are microorganisms with a negative charge, that is to say they have a surplus of electrons on their surface.

There are also "non-ionic" surfactants, i.e. surfactants that have no electric charge: they are not very effective when the water is very hard and, in general, there is less foam, for which they are used to clean items that do not require more rinsing. Most surfactants are biodegradable, which means that bacteria in the effluent are able to "shred" the molecules of the laundry detergent until they are converted into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, water and minerals.

In order to improve the detergency of surfactants and obtain more foam, the addition of Napo3 (sodium metaphosphide) to the laundry detergent can break down the dirt and absorb metal ions (such as sodium) from it, which can then be combined with metal ions to form a water-soluble substance. In addition, they combine positively charged calcium and magnesium ions to form a complex molecule, thus avoiding precipitation into calcareous scale, which is typical of the hardest water quality that can damage both the fabric and the washing machine! That's how it works!

The landlord refers to the following...

The fight between hydrophilic and hydrophobic factors and pollution.

The easiest way to do this is to overcome Vanderley.