Many newborns develop physiological jaundice, what are the causes of physiological jaundice?

Many babies will suffer from jaundice after birth, but our parents do not have to worry about it many times, because most newborns will suffer from jaundice, 60% of full-term babies and 80% of premature babies, they will have jaundice. Of course, our parents have to learn to distinguish whether it is physiological or pathological. If parents can't tell the difference, they still need to go to the hospital to ask a doctor, after all, this is related to the life and health of their baby, or they should pay more attention to this matter.

1.Due to the characteristics of bilirubin metabolism, the baby is prone to jaundice. <>

If physiological jaundice is not particularly severe, in fact, through the careful care of parents, the baby can recover quickly. And how exactly does our physiological jaundice develop? Physiological jaundice is mainly due to the high level of free bilirubin in the blood, which leads to the phenomenon of yellow staining on the sclera, because our baby is different from normal people.

Because our baby has just been born, many of his systems have not been perfected, especially in the treatment of bilirubin, the baby's bilirubin production is very much, but its metabolism is very slow, mainly due to the lack of enzyme activity in the processing of bilirubin, and the ability to form conjugated bilirubin in the blood is too poor, so it will lead to jaundice in the baby.

2.The liver's ability to deal with jaundice is relatively weak. <>

Because the baby has just been born, many of his systems have not been fully perfected, so his liver is relatively weak in the ability to deal with jaundice, so the free bilirubin in his body is too high, resulting in the liver and kidneys for bilirubin processing will be too slow, and eventually jaundice is excreted in the body with feces is also relatively slow, a large amount of free bilirubin accumulates in the blood, resulting in jaundice in the baby. When the phenomenon of jaundice is not particularly serious, parents can take the way of basking in the sun, because the exposure of sunlight can make certain changes in the bilirubin structure in the baby's body, which is more conducive to the discharge of bilirubin from the baby, and it is easy to return to a healthy state. <>

The baby is the most important member of every family, and he receives very high attention at home, so parents will definitely put more thought into their children, and many parents will be very anxious about the baby's every move or even a little problem. Of course, this will also cause many parents to be too anxious in all aspects of the baby, sometimes things are not so serious, or even no major problems at all, parents will also be very anxious. Therefore, parents still have to master certain knowledge and reasonable parenting, so that the baby can grow up healthily.

It may be caused by high levels of bilirubin, and then it is caused by hyperosmosis to the destruction of red blood cells and the production of large amounts of bilirubin.

Physiological jaundice in newborns is caused by a child being born with a greater production of bilirubin than it is excreted. Another is that plasma albumin does not have enough capacity to bind bilirubin.

Infant jaundice is generally divided into two types: physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice, the vast majority of children's jaundice belongs to physiological jaundice, and the cause of physiological jaundice is related to the characteristics of bilirubin metabolism in young infants.

First of all, you should take your baby to the doctor, if it is physiological, it will naturally subside when you take care of it at home. During this period, you should pay attention to give him more water, eat a lighter diet, and give him milk powder, you can choose Ruimu.

Bilirubin production is abundantBilirubin is produced more often due to the following reasons:

1. Red blood cell destruction: the fetus is in the uterus in a hypoxic environment, and the red blood cells are compensatorily increased, but the life span is short, the blood oxygen content increases after birth, and the excessive red blood cells are quickly destroyed.

2. Bypass bilirubin**.

3. High heme oxygenase content: the content is high within 7 days after birth, and the potential for producing bilirubin is high.

Immature liver function1. Poor ability of liver to take bilirubin: the content of Y and Z proteins in liver cells is insufficient, which makes the liver intake of bilirubin insufficient.

2. Poor function of hepatic conjugated bilirubin: the content of intrahepatic glucuronosyltransferase is low and the activity is insufficient, resulting in poor function of conjugated bilirubin.

3. Poor function of liver excretion of bilirubin: poor function of excretion and conjugated bilirubin, which is easy to cause cholestasis.

Entero-hepatic circulation factorsAt birth, the normal flora in the intestine has not yet been established, and the bilirubin entering the intestine cannot be converted into urobilinogen (coprobilinogen), and the activity of glucuronidase in the intestine is high, and the conjugated bilirubin in the intestine is hydrolyzed into glucuronic acid and unconjugated bilirubin, which is absorbed by the intestinal wall and reaches the liver through the portal vein.

Disorders of hepatic bilirubin metabolismSerum unconjugated bilirubin is elevated due to low hepatocyte uptake and conjugated bilirubin. Common ** are: hypoxia and infection, Crier-Najjar syndrome, Gilbert syndrome, Lucey-Driscoll syndrome, drugs (such as sulfonamide digging, salicylate, indomethacin, piloside propion, etc.), congenital hypothyroidism.

Disorders of bile excretionDisorders of hepatocyte excretion and binding bilirubin or obstruction of the bile ducts can cause hyperconjugated bilirubinemia, but unconjugated bilirubin may also be elevated if accompanied by impaired hepatocyte function. Common ** are: neonatal hepatitis, congenital metabolic defects, bile duct obstruction.

Answer]: B Physiological jaundice of newborns is generally 2 weeks after birth; Deferration of lithosis in preterm infants may be delayed until 3 to 4 weeks; The degree of jaundice was mild, with serum bilirubin 221 mmol l in term infants and 256 mol l in preterm infants; daily serum bilirubin elevation of 85 mol L; - Generally good. Thick ridges.

There is still a difference between physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice in newborns, and parents should learn to distinguish between them. Let's find out.

1. Appearance. Physiological jaundice is a special physiological phenomenon in newborns, and almost all normal newborns have it. Physiological jaundice has a certain limit, ** not orange yellow, but light yellow. The whites of the eyes are slightly yellow, the oral mucosa is yellowish, and the palms and soles of the feet are not yellow.

Generally, the degree of jaundice peaks in 4-5 days and gradually disappears in about 10 days. Pathological jaundice appears within 24 hours of birth and lasts for a long time, with recurrence in some cases. Pathologic jaundice is dark orange-yellow and spreads throughout the body.

2. Time. Physiological jaundice generally appears about 3 days after birth, and a few can see **slight yellowing from the second day after birth, or delayed until 5 days after birth. It gradually worsens and is usually most pronounced on the second to third day after the onset of jaundice. Pathologic jaundice usually develops within 24 hours of birth.

If a newborn develops jaundice within a few hours of life, the first sites are usually the sclera and face, which is a red flag.

3. Degree. Physiologic jaundice is determined by measurement of serum bilirubin. The highest value of physiological jaundice is that neonatal full-term infants should not exceed 12 mg, and preterm infants should not exceed 15 mg%. Jaundice appears in the order of first from the sclera, face, neck and then to the trunk and limbs.

Pathological jaundice progresses rapidly, gradually spreading from the face to the trunk and limbs, and if the newborn's hands and feet are found to be yellowed, it mostly indicates that the blood bilirubin value exceeds 12mg%.

4、**。Physiological jaundice is fed to newborns with warm water or glucose water during jaundice, and no special ** is required. Pathological jaundice is currently mostly illuminated by light. Through illumination, the bilirubin in the body can be converted into other substances, so that the bilirubin that has been accumulating in the body can find another outlet, and the symptoms of jaundice can be improved.

However, babies who still cannot improve after light must be treated with drugs or exchange blood**. If the jaundice is due to biliary atresia, surgery is required.

The differences between pathological jaundice and physiological jaundice in newborns are as follows:

First of all, neonatal physiological jaundice is late, mild, slow, and short. Pathological jaundice can be summarized as early, severe, rapid, and long.

However, neonatal jaundice is currently divided into jaundice that requires intervention and jaundice that does not require intervention.

Whether neonatal jaundice needs intervention should be comprehensively judged according to the gestational age and weight of the newborn at birth and whether the newborn has some high-risk factors for jaundice after birth.

Physiological sun exposure will be fine after a few days, and pathological ones must go to the hospital**.

In appearance, physiological jaundice is a special physiological phenomenon of newborns, almost all normal newborns have, physiological jaundice has a certain limit, ** not orange but light yellow, the whites of the eyes are slightly yellow, the oral mucosa is yellowish, the heart and feet are not yellow, generally four to five days of jaundice to reach the peak, about ten days gradually disappear.

Pathological jaundice, newborn can appear within 24 hours after birth before the long duration, individual children will have recurrence, pathology, to the yellow dan dark, deep, orange yellow all over the body, the child sleep is not good, restless, crying, jaundice severe will appear kernicterus damage the child's brain.

In terms of time, physiological jaundice generally appears about three days after birth, and a few can be seen on the second day after birth** slight yellowing or delay to five days after birth, and gradually worsens, usually with jaundice two to three days after the appearance of the most obvious, pathological jaundice, long within 24 hours after birth, if a newborn jaundice appears a few hours after birth, generally the earliest appearance of the sclera and face, then this is pathological jaundice.

The symptoms of jaundice in newborn babies are: physiological jaundice: light yellow is limited to the face, head and neck or involves the body, and the sclera can also be yellow.

The newborn baby is in good condition and has no iron deficiency anemia. The liver and spleen are not swollen, the liver function is normal, and kernicterus does not occur. Physiological jaundice in newborn babies is not treated because it dissolves on its own.

However, if the newborn baby has more severe symptoms, the jaundice can be quickly relieved by using a phototherapy machine. There are many causes of jaundice in newborn babies, and many expectant mothers do not pay special attention to diet during pregnancy, <>

Especially after experiencing the summer, Bao mothers can't help but eat a few skewers, some pregnant mothers are more greedy and love snacks, and feel that it doesn't matter if they only eat a little occasionally, but that is more or less harmful to the fetus. In addition, in newborn babies, the total bilirubin caused by the immaturity of human organs in the liver is difficult to excrete from the body, which causes jaundice. In some cases, jaundice has long since dissipated or resolves and then recurs and worsens, that is, pathological jaundice.

Pathological jaundice is commonly caused by neonatal hemolytic disease, neonatal infection, bile duct malformations, and neonatal hepatitis disorders. It must be paid attention to, more serious may lead to cerebral palsy children.

Therefore, pathological jaundice must be treated as soon as possible. Generally, the time period for the occurrence of physiological jaundice in the baby** yellow staining is relatively late, generally about 2 days after birth, and then the condition worsens, and it will gradually improve after a few days. If the baby is pathological jaundice, their ** jaundice occurs earlier, most of them are 1 day after birth, and the development trend of the disease is also rapid, the jaundice will occur for a long time, and the condition may slowly deepen and repeat in the future.

**The time when the yellow staining occurred. Physiological patients** yellow staining occurs relatively late, generally two days after the baby is born, and then slowly intensifies to reach a high point, <>

The whole process takes about a few days, and then the yellow staining condition slowly subsides, and most of them can completely dissipate within half a month, and the premature baby may increase to a month. Physiological patients ** yellow staining occurs earlier, generally within one day after the baby is born, the disease development trend is faster, the color is also darker, the duration is very long, and some patients may continue to occur. If you suspect that the baby is suffering from jaundice, it is best for parents to take the baby to the doctor immediately, improve the corresponding auxiliary examinations, detect total bilirubin daily, use anti-yellowing drugs or accept phototherapy machines and other standardized treatment if necessary, and closely observe the baby's yellow staining status, mental outlook, food intake status, stool status, etc., so as to facilitate communication with the doctor on time and promote the early recovery of the disease.

If it is clear that the jaundice of the child is physiological, then it will appear light yellow, and the heavy one is darker, but it is ruddy, and the yellow is red. Neonatal jaundice needs to pay attention to feeding the child reasonably, let him eat more and discharge more, speed up the resolution of jaundice, and give the child sufficient water, and more sunlight, pay attention to inclination hygiene.

The obvious feature of neonatal physiological jaundice is the first color, and the urine and urine are golden yellow, and the child's spirit is not good. Neonatal jaundice needs to be fed intensively, and insufficient breast milk will cause jaundice to worsen, and it is also necessary to seek medical attention in time and follow the guidance of doctors.

Neonatal jaundice usually manifests itself through the appearance of yellowing if the child has high jaundice. Neonatal jaundice needs to pay attention to see if the child gradually decreases and returns to normal within half a month, if not, then be alert to whether it is caused by illness.