What are the side effects of peritoneal dialysis?

Noninfectious related complications: peritoneal dialysis catheter dysfunction such as catheter displacement, catheter occlusion; hernia leakage caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure; abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism; peritoneal failure; malnutrition, cardiovascular complications, disorders of calcium and glucose metabolism, etc.

Infection-related complications, resulting in pathogenic invasion of the abdominal cavity, resulting in acute infectious inflammation in the abdominal cavity; Causes infection at the outlet with edema, pain, purulent discharge, surrounding erythema, crusting, granulation tissue, etc.

Tunnel infection is an infectious inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding the tunnel under the skin of a peritoneal dialysis catheter, usually associated with an exit infection.

Peritoneal dialysis is easy to cause abdominal wound infection, cause peritonitis, and also cause malnutrition and heart failure, increase the probability of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, weight gain, hernia, thrombosis, abdominal distension, etc.

1. Hernia: Hernia is one of the most common in peritoneal dialysis.

2. Throttosis, no matter what type it is, access and catheters, as well as vascular access are easy to cause thrombosis, block blood vessels, and then cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, and even life-threatening.

3. Abdominal distension and weight gain, some peritoneal dialysis patients are accompanied by abdominal distension and weight gain.

4. Infection.

5. A feeling of fullness.

Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis have poor appetite and feel full even if they eat a little food, and they will have obvious discomfort if they eat a little more, but it is easy to cause malnutrition for a long time.

Patients with peritonitis may experience abdominal pain, fever, chills, and even bloody and purulent peritoneal dialysate. Therefore, it is important to pay attention when placing the peritoneal dialysate and check for damage.

One is a hernia, the other is a blood clot, and the other is abdominal distension and weight gain, and it will be accompanied by a feeling of fullness, dialysis means that there will be trauma, so wound infection is also a kind of ***, pay attention to keep the wound clean and avoid infection.

1.Bacterial infections may occur; 2.Forks may occur; 3.weight gain; 4.bloating, which produces a feeling of fullness; 5.Diseases such as blood clots.

Peritoneal dialysis, as a kind of kidney replacement, was introduced into China by Baxter and provided another alternative method for patients with kidney disease in the uremia stage. The principle is to use the human peritoneum for blood purification, and a catheter that can be used for a long time is placed into the abdominal cavity, and the dialysate containing waste products in the body is drained out through fluid exchange, so as to replace the failed kidney function.

During peritoneal dialysis, there may also be some *** caused by various reasons. For example, peritoneal dialysis, as one of the dialysis** and hemodialysis, may also cause dependence on the patient, resulting in further loss of original kidney function; At the same time, during peritoneal dialysis, infection may be induced due to the contact between the abdominal interface and the outside world, which may lead to infectious complications. In addition, if the dialysate used in peritoneal dialysis is not well controlled, it will also have a negative impact on the patient's body.

Of course, peritoneal dialysis in accordance with the operating regulations and regular re-examination will effectively avoid the occurrence of ***.

There will be many uremia patients in the intensive care unit. There will be many complications in the later stage of urea, including digestive system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, etc., including nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, chest tightness, shortness of breath, etc. Many people will ask if they can **uremia.

Renal insufficiency or uremia cannot be assessed by **. If these diseases are not obtained, they will soon enter the dialysis stage. **May delay entry into the dialysis phase.

How long the delay lasts depends on the underlying condition, underlying medical condition, and**.

At present, there are only three methods of urea: dialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. The other two methods are just alternatives to the waste products that the kidneys can't excrete into the body**. I'm sure you're familiar with urea and should have heard of it.

However, knowing urea can only be done if uremia patients need dialysis or even a kidney transplant. I don't know much about the other possibilities. What about uremia?

Uremia, this is a very heavy topic. The emergence of uremia represents an endless financial burden, the pain of constant dialysis, despair of any way to change the kidneys, and a catastrophe that a family cannot afford. This is a serious public health problem for society.

According to research, a large proportion of uremia patients were previously caused by nephritis, which, if not timely, can easily exacerbate the condition and severely damage the glomeruli, leading to complete loss of function and uremia.

Uremia is a very heavy topic. Uremia may seem simple, but it is not a simple disease, but a clinical syndrome consisting of many symptoms and diseases caused by a progressive and irreversible decline in renal function caused by chronic renal failure. It is a common clinical syndrome in the final stages of various kidney diseases.

Chronic renal failure is a combination of multiple clinical symptoms in the final stage of patients with chronic renal failure, called renal failure syndrome or renal failure. This is a serious problem. Suffering from this disease is a heavy burden on individuals and families.

Nowadays, there is little hope, but through the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the progression of the disease can be suppressed. Even reversing the disease is possible.

The temperature of the incubator must be energized for 24 hours, and the temperature must be adjusted to the degree, the ultraviolet lamp should be replaced after 1000 hours, and the room should be disinfected twice a day, each time is 40 minutes, and it must be disinfected before dialysis, do not open the window in the process of disinfection, never turn on the fan, and wash your hands with ordinary soap, and wash your hands for at least one minute or so.

The incubator should be heated by electricity for 24 hours, the temperature should be adjusted to the degree, the ultraviolet lamp should be replaced with a new one after 1000 hours, it must be disinfected before dialysis, and the hand washing time before operation should be at least 1 minute, and each step should be repeated at least 10 times according to the requirements of the regular six-step hand washing method. Wait a minute.

First of all, when dialysis, you must pay attention to whether there are complications in your body, so that the doctor can be more standard when diagnosing, and secondly, you must choose a better hospital and choose better equipment, so that the damage to yourself will be smaller, and before dialysis, you must rest well to keep your body in the best state.

Since 1992, Baxter introduced peritoneal dialysis** to China, and many uremia patients have begun to use peritoneal dialysis machines**. Nowadays, the emergence of automatic peritoneal dialysis machines has brought more convenience to uremia patients. Instead of manual operation, the peritoneal dialysis machine can be pre-set according to the patient's individual prescription, automatic fluid refill, only need to be connected once a day, and can also be realized at night**, thus liberating the patient's daytime life.

And, with the use of automated peritoneal dialysis machines, the incidence of peritonitis was reduced by 33%.

However, the use of an automated peritoneal dialysis machine will be very dependent on the patient's independence and autonomy, and if the patient's compliance is poor, it will affect the best effect of peritoneal dialysis and even cause some complications. In addition to compliance, some operational problems of patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis at home may also cause some complications, and it is recommended that patients use an automatic peritoneal dialysis machine for ** while cooperating with the real-time management of medical staff to avoid the occurrence of these para-base fissures

1.Water-electrolyte imbalances and acid-base imbalances: hyperkalemia.

Hypokalemia. Hyponatremia. Hypernatremia.

Metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis.

o|@q&, Baimu Pharmaceutical.

2.Hypotension: occurs mainly within a few weeks of starting dialysis.

o|@q&, Baimu Pharmaceutical.

3.Pulmonary infection and pleural and abdominal effusion: due to poor immunity and long-term peritoneal dialysis in uremia patients, dialysate is retained in the abdominal cavity, which makes the diaphragm muscle rise, atelectasis, and ventilatory dysfunction and has more chance of developing falling pneumonia.

o|@q&, Baimu Pharmaceutical.

4.Cardiovascular complications: such as tachyarrhythmia, cardiac arrest, etc. The main causes are hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, acidosis, and digitalis poisoning.

o|@q&, Baimu Pharmaceutical.

5.Abdominal complications: abdominal pain, incision dehiscence, bloody ascites, pneumoperitoneum, acute membranous adenitis, etc.

o|@q&, Baimu Pharmaceutical.

6.Imbalance syndrome: peritoneal dialysis has less chance of developing imbalance syndrome than hemodialysis and presents in the same way as hemodialysis imbalance syndrome.

7.Chronic complications of peritoneal dialysis: Leakage, which usually occurs at the catheter into the peritoneum or at the entrance of the peritoneum.

Abdominal hernia, which is common in women, can occur in multiple locations. Back pain, which is caused by the prolonged retention of fluid in the abdominal cavity, which protrudes the abdomen, pulls the spine and tightens the muscles of the lower back. Protein loss.

Vitamin loss. Hyperlipidemia: hyperlipidemia due to metabolic changes due to long-term use of hypertonic glucose and protein loss from the dialysate.

Glucose load increases, due to the high sugar content in the dialysate, glucose continues to diffuse from the dialysate into the blood, peritoneal dialysis patients absorb glucose of 100-200 grams per day, due to the high level of sugar in the blood, the secretion of insulin is impaired, and individual patients can develop insulin-dependent diabetes. Chronic hypotension, mainly during or during dialysis. Reason:

There are pericardial effusions, myocardial lesions, arrhythmias, etc. There is also hypoproteinemia and decreased autonomic function.

1) Dialysis Imbalance Syndrome: The incidence is: The main manifestations of hemodialysis are nausea, vomiting, irritability, etc., and in severe cases, there may be convulsions, coma, and even death.

The light one does not have to**; In severe cases**, hypertonic solutions such as mannitol, 50% glucose, or 3% sodium chloride 10 ml are given immediately, albumin can also be infused, and sedatives and other symptomatic conditions may be given if necessary**; In more severe cases, dialysis is discontinued.

2) Dialysis use syndrome: mainly caused by the use of new dialyzers and tubing. **Trillion digging is mainly symptomatic**.

3) Hypotension: one of the most common hemodialysis, with an incidence of 20%-40%. There are many causes of hypotension, and most of this hypotension occurs after the start of dialysis.

The drop in blood pressure during the later stages of dialysis is usually due to rapid ultrafiltration or incompatibility with acetate dialysate. **: head down and feet high, stop ultrafiltration, slow down the pump flow rate, inhale oxygen, if necessary, quickly supplement 100-200 ml of normal saline or 20 ml of 50% glucose, infusion of albumin, and bind**, to the cause**.

4) Pyrogen reaction: usually no medication, dialysis temperature can be lowered when high fever, antiamines, hormones and antipyretics are used as appropriate.

5) heart failure; It is one of the most dangerous and serious hemodialysis, and in addition to the symptoms, dialysis or enhanced ultrafiltration should be used.

6) Arrhythmia: the incidence rate is about 50%, and premature ventricular syndrome is more common. The most common causes of hemodialysis include coronary heart disease, functional failure, pericarditis, severe anemia, electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders, hypoxemia, hypotension and medications.

**: Symptomatic and symptomatic**, but pay attention to the retention and toxic effects of the drug in the dialysis patient.

7) Muscle spasm during dialysis: It is one of the more common ones in hemodialysis, with an incidence of 10%-15%, the main parts are the bowel muscles, feet, and other parts of the upper limbs and abdominal muscles. The cause is not well understood, but may be related to tissue hypoxia, low natremia, and relatively low circulating blood volume during dialysis.

**: Slow down or pause ultrafiltration, and inject 100-200 ml of normal saline or hypertonic sugar water and hypertonic saline.

Dialysis** needs to be done over a long period of time without interruption. Failure to do so may lead to the loss of the original efficacy, or even life-threatening. For patients with end-stage uremia, hemodialyzers can only be used instead.