What are the knowledge points of modern Chinese? There are those characteristics of modern Chinese

Modern Chinese Knowledge Points:

1. Modern Chinese refers to the modern Han nation.

Common language is a modern vernacular language with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation and northern dialect as the basic dialect.

The work is grammatically standardized Mandarin.

2. The word modern Chinese usually has two interpretations: the broad interpretation refers to the language used by the Han people since modern times, including the common language of the people, Mandarin and dialects; Modern Chinese in the narrow sense refers only to Mandarin.

3. In terms of pronunciation, the syllabic boundaries are clear, there are many musical notes, coupled with the change of pitch and the modulation of the intonation, so it has the characteristics of strong character.

4. From the functional point of view, language is divided into three aspects: The relationship between people: language is the most important communication tool of human beings, the relationship between people and the objective world: the tool for understanding the world, and the relationship between people and culture: language is the carrier of culture.

5. The common language of the nation is formed on the basis of a dialect, and the dialect that is the basis of the common language of the nation is called the basic dialect.

6. The common language of the modern Han nationality is in the northern dialect.

on the basis of the formation.

7. The three standard meanings of the common language of the modern Han nationality: Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms.

The knowledge points of modern Chinese are:

1. Definitions. Modern Chinese is divided into broad and narrow senses, and modern Chinese in the broad sense refers to the language used by the Han people after the May Fourth Movement, which includes not only modern standard Chinese (Mandarin), but also all dialects of Chinese.

Modern Chinese in the narrow sense refers only to the common language of the modern Han nation, modern standard Chinese Mandarin. The common language of the modern Han nationality is Mandarin with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norms.

2. Attributes. Language is a product of society, and Chinese, as a language, has the attributes common to all languages, including:

1) Language is a symbolic structure system that combines sound and meaning.

2) Language is the most important communication tool (communicative function) of people.

3) Language is a tool for people to perceive the world (thinking function).

4) Language is the carrier of culture.

3. Form. Modern Chinese has two different forms: spoken and written.

1) Speaking. Colloquial refers to the language that people use orally, with a colloquial style. It is characterized by being short, sparse, and with many omissions; It is fleeting and difficult to pass on for a long time.

2) Written language.

Written language is a language that is formed on the basis of spoken language and is written down. It is characterized by a tendency to be thorough and rigorous; The structure is complete, and there are many long sentences.

4. Literary language.

1) Meaning. Literary language, also known as standard language, refers to the language of the modern Han nationality that has been highly processed and conforms to standardization.

2) Relationship with "the language of literary and artistic works".

Contact. The language of literary and artistic works refers to the totality of artistic and literary means of expression. The language of literature also includes the language of excellent and exemplary literary and artistic works.

Distinguish. The connotation and function of literary language are much broader than the language of literary and artistic works.

3) Relationship with the written language.

Contact. The formation and development of literary language presupposes the emergence and evolution of the written language.

Distinguish. Literary language is both written and spoken. Literary language is richer and more expressive than ordinary written language; Moreover, the language of literature is not limited to the written language.

(1) Phonetics: The syllables of modern Chinese are generally divided into two parts: initials and finals, and the slightly special ones are the zero vowel syllables, which are not pronounced by the method of phonological spelling.

The specific performance is as follows:

1) There are no compound consonants. In a syllable, neither at the beginning nor at the end, there are no two or three consonants joined together. Therefore, the Chinese syllables are in front of the syllables, the rhyme is in the back, and the consonants only appear at the beginning and end of the syllables.

2) Vowels predominate. There are 21 initials and 39 finals in the common language of modern Chinese, and from the combination of Chinese syllables, there can be no consonants in the Chinese syllables, but no vowels. A syllable can only be composed of a single tone or a compound vowel, at the same time, the syllables composed of compound vowels are also more, from the proportion of consonants and vowels, vowels are dominant, because vowels are musical sounds, so the proportion of Chinese ** sound components is large, more rhyme and less sound, sound loud and pleasant.

3) There is a tone. In Mandarin, every syllable has a tone. Tone is an indispensable component of Chinese syllables.

Functionally speaking, the main role of tone is to distinguish meaning, syllables with the same rhyme but different tones, the meaning of the representative is also different, such as "flower, stroke, hua", tone can also make the boundary between syllables and syllables clear, such as "jie" is one syllable, and "ji'e" is two syllables. In terms of acoustic effect, the tone is different and the value is different, so that the Chinese language has the ups and downs of the tone and frustration, and is rich in the change of high and low, so it has formed a special style of strong Chinese character.

The characteristics of modern Chinese are as follows:

Phonetic: no compound consonants; Vowels predominate; There is a tone.

Vocabulary: Chinese morphemes are based on monosyllabic forms; Extensive use of root compound method to form new words; Disyllabic words predominate.

Grammatical aspects: word order and virtual words are the main means of expressing grammatical meaning; The structural principles of words, phrases, and sentences are basically the same; Class and syntactic components are not simple correspondences; Measure words are abundant, with modal words.

1) There are no compound consonants.

The syllables of modern applied Chinese can generally be divided into two parts, initials and finals, and at the same time there are no compound consonants. The syllables of Chinese are composed of initials and finals, with the initials in front and the finals behind, the syllable structure is relatively neat, and the syllable boundaries are relatively clear and easy to distinguish.

2) Vowels predominate.

There are 21 initials and 39 finals in modern Mandarin Chinese. As far as the combination of Chinese syllables is concerned, a syllable can have no initials, but it must not have finals. With the exception of a few syllables such as hm (accent owing), hng (hum), m (ah), and n (um), consonants generally cannot form syllables alone.

The vowels dominate the syllables, and the musical components are proportional and sound loud and pleasant.

3) There is a tone.

Every syllable in Chinese has a tone. Tone is an indispensable factor in the Chinese language, it not only has the function of distinguishing the meaning of words, but also the modulation of the tone makes the syllables clear and loud, and the two-tone words have double-tone, overlapping rhyme, overlapping pronunciation and other phonetic forms, which makes modern applied Chinese have a unique beauty.

Five rules for reading Chinese polyphonic characters.

Explanation of Chinese Pinyin nouns: modulation value, modulation type, modulation type, modulation type, and key signature.

The knowledge points of modern Chinese are as follows:

1. Modern Chinese, that is, the language used by the modern Han nation, is the most important communication tool of the modern Han nation. Modern Chinese in the narrow sense only refers to the common language of the modern Han nation, that is, Mandarin; Modern Chinese in a broad sense includes the common language of the modern Han nationality and Chinese dialects.

2. Putonghua - that is, the common language of the modern Han nation, which uses Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norms.

3. Dialects - the local branches of national languages, the languages used by people in local areas, are the basis for the formation of a common language, coexist with the common language for a long time, and accept its influence. There are seven major dialects in modern Chinese, namely the Northern Dialect, the Wu Dialect, the Hunan Dialect, the Jiangxi Dialect, the Hakka Dialect, the Min Dialect, and the Cantonese Dialect.

4. Syllables – syllables are the basic units of speech structure and the smallest fragments of speech that are naturally felt, consisting of one or several phonemes. Generally speaking, a kanji represents a syllable. For example, "Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province" is 6 syllables.

5. Phoneme - is the smallest unit or smallest speech fragment that makes up a syllable. It is divided from a timbre point of view. For example, in Mandarin, "刊" (kān) can be divided into three phonemes: "k", ɑ, and n". Phonemes can be divided into two categories: vowels and consonants.

1. Phonetics: no compound consonants; Vowels predominate; The syllables are neat and concise; There is a tone.

2. Vocabulary: There are many monosyllabic morphemes, and two-syllable words are dominant; Word formation is widely used in root compounding; There are many homophones.

3. Grammar: The means of expressing grammatical meaning in Chinese are not very useful; The structural principles of words, phrases, and sentences are basically the same; The relationship between parts of speech and syntactic components is complex; There are a lot of measure words and modal words.