Language: The difference between modern Chinese and ancient Chinese

In ancient times, it should have been the same. The pronunciation of modern Chinese is basically the same as that of ancient Chinese, but some Chinese pronunciations no longer exist in the new edition of Xinhua Dictionary, such as cen shen, which used to be pronounced cen sen, and now it is pronounced cen shen, which has changed with the times. The glyphs of Chinese characters are constantly changing and developing, from ancient Chinese characters to the present, they have been changing from complex to simple.

It doesn't matter when it started.

The pronunciation of modern Chinese is the same as that of ancient Chinese, but it is also different.

1. The grammar is different.

Although the sentence components of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are the same, there are six components: "subject-verb-object, definite complement". However, the order of components in ancient Chinese is different from that of modern Chinese, so there are inverted sentences, such as eight subject-verb inversion, adverbial postposition, definite postposition, object frontage" and so on.

How can you tell? As long as it is inconsistent with the grammatical rules of modern Chinese, it is a special sentence structure. Of course, in addition to these inverted sentences, there are also judgment sentences, passive sentences, ellipsis sentences, etc., which are mainly different from the corresponding modern Chinese sentence patterns in terms of expression, and they are also called special sentence patterns in classical Chinese.

2. The vocabulary is different.

Ancient and modern words: ancient and ancient, and now there are words. The new word becomes a permanent worker. For example, "Mo" in Su Dongpo's "The Legend of Shizhong Mountain" is an ancient character for "twilight", which is "borrowed" to mean the negative adverb "no" and "no one", so the word "twilight" is coined.

3. Ancient and modern meanings.

There are a large number of ancient and modern words with the same shape but different meanings and usages in ancient Chinese, that is, ancient and modern different meanings. For example, the "go" in "Taiqiu Shego" ("Chen Taiqiu and Friendship Period") has the ancient meaning of "leaving", which later evolved into "going to a certain place".

There are also some words that originally have different meanings from ancient and modern, but they are not necessarily all of them: "smelly" originally meant "fragrant" in ancient texts, but "Zhumen wine and meat stink" still means stinky in this verse. Another example is "instructing" the present meaning:

Oral or written advice issued for the purpose of guiding the work. Ancient meaning: point out, show people.

For example, if there is a flaw in the wall, please indicate the king. ("The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru").

Ancient Chinese is mainly classical Chinese and a small amount of ancient Chinese vernacular, and modern Chinese is mainly modern vernacular. Modern Chinese is inherited from ancient Chinese and developed from ancient Chinese, without which there would be no modern Chinese. It can also be said to be a mother-child relationship.

1. The differences between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are mainly reflected in three aspects: phonetics, vocabulary and grammar

1. In terms of pronunciation, modern Chinese uses Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation. The characteristic is that the vowels are dominant, and the consonants are dominated by clear consonants, and the clear consonant vocal cords do not vibrate, so there is less noise in the syllables and more musical sounds. Ancient Chinese pays attention to phonology, and the "four tones" of the Middle Ages:

Flat, up, go, in, the latter three categories are classified as "仄", the flat voice is high and gentle, the sound is tortuous and low, and the sense of tone is different. Modern Chinese also has four tones, but not Ping, Shang, Go, and Jin, but Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng, and Gosheng.

2. In terms of vocabulary, modern Chinese is based on northern dialects, with short word forms and a predominance of two-syllable words, and most of them use root compound word formation to create new words. In ancient Chinese, monophonic words were the majority, and polyphonic words were mainly diaphragmatic words and continuous words, and there were also a small number of compound words. The meanings of ancient and modern words have changed greatly, some have disappeared, some have shrunk, some have expanded, and some have shifted.

3. In terms of grammar, modern Chinese is based on exemplary modern vernacular writings. The means of expressing grammatical meaning are mainly virtual words and word order, the structural principles of word-phrase sentences are basically the same, and the quantifier words are abundant. The grammar of ancient Chinese is mainly reflected in the use of words and sentence structure.

Vocabulary use mainly refers to the active use of parts of speech, including the use of verbs, the use of meaning, nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. In terms of sentence structure, a large number of omitted sentences and inverted sentences are used, and there are also many special sentence patterns for judgment sentences and passive sentences.

2. The connection between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. The two are in the same vein and are relative. Ancient Chinese is the predecessor of modern Chinese, and modern Chinese is the inheritance and development of ancient Chinese.

Ancient Chinese is the language used by the Han people in ancient times, and modern Chinese is the language used by the modern Han people.

For example, the four tones of modern Chinese evolved from the four tones of ancient times, and the laws of the evolution of ancient and modern tones can be summarized by comparing the four tones of ping, shang, go, and jin in the medieval rhyme book Guangyun with the four tones of yin, yang, up, and go in modern Mandarin Chinese. For example, many of the word meanings of modern Chinese are still the original meanings of ancient Chinese, and even if the newly derived meanings or figurative meanings are inextricably linked with the meanings of ancient Chinese.

First, the nature is different.

1. Chinese, that is, the language of the Han people, also known as Chinese, Chinese, Chinese, and Chinese.

2. Language is a polysemous word, usually used as the abbreviation of language, language and literature, and language and culture.

Second, the time of occurrence is different.

1. Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. The origin of the Sino-Tibetan language family is still inconclusive, but it is said that the original Sino-Tibetan language originated in northern China, and about 6,000 years ago it diverged into various languages of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Another hypothesis is that the language family originated in present-day Sichuan, southwest China, and began to diverge about 10,000 years ago.

Chinese is one of the languages that diverged from the Sino-Tibetan language family.

2. The etymology of language is "language and writing", and the abbreviation of "language and writing" to the word "language" appeared in the 80s of the 19th century. In 1905, after abolishing the imperial examination system, the Qing Dynasty began to open new schools. The first subject of Chinese literature was still taught the ancient Chinese of the past dynasties, so it was called the "national language" course at that time.

After the liberation of the whole country, Mr. Ye Shengtao and others once again proposed to merge "Chinese" and "national language" into one and change the name to "language".

The language is for ordinary candidates. It is an ordinary high school, a high school that teaches in Chinese.

And the Chinese language is phase.

For ethnic minority candidates, their schools teach in the national language and Chinese, and when the college entrance examination takes the Chinese and Chinese languages of their ethnic language, it is equivalent to adding a subject. But their Chinese is a relatively easy topic.

The Chinese language is a language family. Chinese consists of two parts: written and spoken. That is, the name of a language.

Chinese, an important discipline in the humanities and social sciences, is a tool for people to exchange ideas with each other.

In other words, Chinese is a language, and Chinese is a subject.

1. Ancient Chinese grammar is different from modern Chinese grammar. For example, in ancient Chinese, nouns can be placed in front of verbs as adverbs, but modern Chinese does not have such usage.

2. The pronunciation of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese is different. Two characters that are not the same in modern Chinese may have very similar pronunciations in ancient Chinese, and if you want to read ancient poems and songs, you must understand pingxuan, rhyme, etc., which requires more knowledge of phonology.

3. There are words with completely different meanings in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. For example, "pond", modern Chinese means "pond", and in addition to this meaning, ancient Chinese also has the meaning of "moat".

Extended information: Language evolves, it changes with the changes of history, but at the same time it cannot change very much, because it develops on the one hand, and it has its solidity on the other.

Because there is inheritance, Chinese and modern Chinese thousands of years ago have a lot in common, which is one aspect of inheritance, but it also has one aspect of development, which is that ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are different.

Therefore, when we learn Chinese, we must first establish a historical viewpoint and know that it has similarities, differences, inheritances, and developments, which is of great benefit to our learning Chinese.

To put it simply, it is the difference between classical Chinese and vernacular, ancient Chinese focuses on learning the words and sentence patterns of classical Chinese, which can help you better understand ancient Chinese, and modern Chinese focuses on learning the phonetic intonation, words and sentences of vernacular Chinese. I am a student majoring in Chinese language and literature, and I personally prefer ancient Chinese and find modern Chinese more boring ......However, the Chinese culture is broad and profound, and both ancient and modern Chinese are worth studying

Ancient Chinese is somewhat more complex than modern Chinese in terms of strokes, and modern Chinese is a simplified version of ancient Chinese.

The three aspects of vocabulary and grammar are explained below with examples.