How to disinfect the nutrient soil, how to disinfect the newly bought nutrient soil

Several methods of soil disinfection:

1. Exposure to the sun. The newly bought nutrient soil is with germs, or there are insects in it, you can put the soil in the scorching sun for a few days, it is best to spread the soil, so that although it will destroy the results of the soil and microorganisms to a certain extent, but the effect of sterilization is still good.

2. Disinfection of boiling water.

Use boiling water, water directly into the soil, water it several times, then drain the water, dry it a little, and you can use it to plant flowers when the soil is not so sticky.

3. Drug disinfection.

With bactericidal drugs, commonly used bactericides such as carbendazim, chlorothalonil, fludichlorium, oxachlorine, dixon, etc. Mix with water and then spray it onto the soil, preferably with a protective film to seal the mouth of the basin for 2 to 3 days.

1. Pharmaceutical disinfection method. The simple steps are: (1) Clean the shed.

At the end of the stubble, all plant residues are removed from the greenhouse and buried or incinerated. (2) Dig deep into the soil. When the soil moisture is suitable, turn it deeply, to a depth of about 35 cm or more, and beat the large clods into fine pieces.

3) Medications. There are many potions available. For example, 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used to prevent root rot, stem rot, leaf blight and gray spot and other diseases per square meter of soil; It can also be sprayed on the soil with a concentration of about 2% alcohol (mixed with water) and then covered with plastic film for 1-2 weeks; Or spray with the same amount of Bordeaux liquid kilograms per square meter of soil, which has obvious effects on black spot, spot disease, gray mold, brown spot and anthracnose.

It can also be used to disinfect the greenhouse by fumigation, and the commonly used fumigants are: Mianlong, chloropicrin and other agents. The fumigation method is to inject the fumigant into the soil with a soil syringe or soil disinfection machine, and cover the soil surface with a film and other substances in time, so that the toxic gases of the fumigant can spread in the soil, so as to achieve the purpose of killing germs.

Although the pesticide disinfection method is widely used, long-term use will damage the soil structure, cause environmental pollution, and reduce soil fertility, so it should be treated with caution, and it is best to combine other measures for soil disinfection.

2. Solar disinfection method. Solar disinfection is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly method. This method uses the high temperatures in summer (July and August) to kill pests and diseases with the help of solar energy.

When disinfection, first eliminate the remains of the diseased plants before stubble and thoroughly clean the greenhouse, and then turn the soil deep (apply organic fertilizer first, use 2 bags of Jiamei dividends per mu), then irrigate with water, and then fully cover the greenhouse soil with polyethylene plastic film, and then close and expose to the sun for 15-25 days, so that the soil temperature in the 10 cm soil is as high as 50-60 or more, which can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases such as wilt, bacterial wilt, soft rot, etc., and at the same time, high temperature can also kill nematodes and other eggs. However, the disadvantage of this method is that the effective soil layer for disinfection is only 10-15 cm below the surface, and the disease prevention effect of crops with deep roots is poor.

3. Hot water disinfection method. This method uses boilers and other equipment to heat water to more than 75, and then pour hot water into the soil to raise the soil temperature for disinfection. Before disinfection, more organic fertilizer should be applied, and then the soil should be turned deeply, and the soil should be leveled, and then drip irrigation pipes should be laid on the ground, and the ground should be sealed with good quality plastic film, and then hot water should be introduced.

The amount of water supplied varies depending on the quality of the soil, the outside temperature, and the type of cultivated crop. In general, when the disinfection range is 0-20 cm underground, 1 square meter of soil is filled with 100 kg of hot water; When the disinfection range is 0-30 cm, 1 square meter of soil is filled with 200 kg of hot water. This method has a significant effect on the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, nematodes and weeds, with an effect of more than 95%.

At the same time, this method has the advantage of being able to be carried out at any time regardless of the season.

1. Radiation disinfection.

Sterilization is carried out with highly penetrating and energetic rays, such as cobalt-60 rays.

2. Chemical substance disinfection.

Sterilize with highly active oxidizing agents or alkylating agents, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, formaldehyde and active chlorine, etc., and after disinfection, the agent should be fully dissipated to remove residual toxins.

3. Disinfectant.

Pesticides are applied to the soil before and after sowing with the aim of preventing the spread of seed carryover and soil-borne diseases. The main application methods are as follows:

1) Spraying or watering method. The agent is diluted to a certain concentration with water, sprayed on the surface of the soil with spray, or directly irrigated into the soil, so that the liquid can penetrate into the deep soil and kill the bacteria in the soil. The spray treatment soil is suitable for field, seedling nutrient soil, lawn regeneration, etc.

The irrigation method is suitable for the irrigation of fruit trees, melons, nightshade crops and the disinfection of various crop seedbeds.

2) Poison soil method. The agent is first formulated into poison soil and then administered. The preparation method of toxic soil is to mix pesticides (emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder) with fine soil with a certain humidity in proportion. The application methods of poisonous soil include furrow application, hole application and sprinkling application.

For soil disinfection, the materials that need to be prepared include: steamer or pressure cooker, iron pot or iron plate, formaldehyde, zeb zinc, carbendazim, sulfur powder.

1. Sunlight disinfection. Place the soil on a clean concrete floor and spread it out in the sun for 3-15 days.

2. Steam sterilization. Placing the soil in a steamer or pressure cooker, heating it to 60-100 degrees Celsius, and steaming for 30-60 minutes kills most bacteria, fungi, nematodes and insects, and deprives most weed seeds.

3. Fire disinfection. Put the soil into an iron pot or iron plate and add fire to burn, wait for the soil particles to dry and then burn for an hour, which can completely eliminate the diseases and insects in the soil.

Fourth, the disinfection of chemicals. First, the soil is sifted.

5. Spray chemicals on the sieved soil, such as formaldehyde, zebze, carbendazim, sulfur powder, etc.

6. Add a layer of soil and spray it again.

7. Cover the soil with plastic film and seal it for 5-7 days before use.

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Many people like to grow some flowers and plants, but the soil should be disinfected before propagation. The following are the method steps for soil disinfection:

1. Put all the soil in a bag, seal it, don't leave pores, after 24 hours, most of the worms will die.

2. In the hot summer, you can put the soil in a pot for a few days, carefully inspect the ant eggs or large insects, and remove them manually.

3. Spray pesticides on the soil to make the soil more thorough.

4. When it snows in winter, the soil can usually be frozen in the open air, and a pot of boiling water is poured directly on it, indicating that the insects have been burned and the soil can be disinfected.

5. Branches and leaves infected with pests should not be used as fertilizer, and safety measures should be taken when using insecticides.

(1) The place where the carcasses of sheep with infectious diseases caused by Bacillus (such as anthrax) have been parked should be strictly disinfected. First, spray the ground with a bleach solution containing available chlorine; Then, the top soil is dug up about 30 cm, sprinkled with dry bleaching powder and mixed with the soil; Finally, this topsoil is properly transported out for burial.

2) For the ground soil contaminated by other infectious diseases, the ground can be turned over (about 30 cm deep), sprinkled with dry bleaching powder (kg m2) while turning the ground, and then wet and flatten with water.

3) If the grazing area is contaminated with a pathogen, natural factors (such as sunlight) are generally used to eliminate the pathogenic microorganisms. If the contaminated area is not large, it is sufficient to use commonly used chemical disinfectants to disinfect.

Soil is the main vector for the spread of pests and diseases, and it is also the main place for pests and diseases to breed. Many germs, eggs and pests survive or overwinter in the soil, and weed seeds are often present in them. Therefore, whether it is soil for seedbeds, potted flowers, or open-air nurseries, they should be thoroughly disinfected before planting, and home flowers are no exception.

There are several common methods for soil disinfection for raising flowers at home: Sunlight disinfection Put the prepared culture soil on a clean concrete floor, wooden board or iron sheet, spread it thinly, and expose it to the sun for 3 15 days, which can kill a large number of germ spores, hyphae and eggs, pests, and nematodes. Although disinfection is not thorough, it is the most convenient.

Steam disinfection Put the nutrient soil into a steamer or pressure cooker and steam it, heat it to 60 100 degrees Celsius for 30 60 minutes (the heating time should not be too long, so as not to kill the beneficial microorganisms that can decompose the fertilizer and affect the soil fertilizer efficiency), which can kill most bacteria, fungi, nematodes and insects, and make most of the weed seeds lose their vitality. Boiled and sterilized Pour the culture soil into the pot, add water and boil for 30 to 60 minutes, then drain the water and dry to moderate humidity. Fire disinfection A small amount of soil for seedbed or cuttings and sowing can be put into an iron pot or iron plate to add fire to burn, and then burn for an hour after the soil particles become dry, so that the diseases and insects in the soil can be completely eliminated.

Pharmaceutical treatment Different agents can be used in the family to fumigate the soil, that is, after the soil is sifted, a layer of soil is sprayed with chemicals, another layer of soil is added, and then the agent is sprayed again, and finally covered with plastic film, sealed for 5 7 days, and then open for ventilation for 3 5 days before use. Commonly used agents are formaldehyde, zebze, carbendazim, sulfur powder, etc.