What is Han Feizi s historical value, linguistic value, and philosophical value?

"Han Feizi" said: "The sage sees the subtlety to know the cuteness, and sees the end to know the end." The sage knows the beginning of things when he sees the small phenomena, and he knows the end result when he sees the beginning of things.

He first put forward the theory of contradiction, and used the fable of spear and shield to illustrate the truth that "the shield that cannot be trapped and the spear that cannot be trapped cannot stand together in the world". It is worth mentioning that the book "Han Feizi" records a large number of popular fables, the most famous ones are "self-contradiction", "Waiting for the rabbit", "Avoiding illness and avoiding medical treatment", "Indiscriminate Filling", "Old Horse Knows the Way" and so on.

Han Fei opposes the idea of the Mandate of Heaven and advocates the nature of heaven. He believes that "Tao" is the root of the occurrence and development of all things, and that "Tao" exists from nature. With the "Tao", there are all things, "the sky is high, the earth is hidden, the fight is to become its might, and the sun and the moon are constant with its light."

The things in the universe are made by relying on them. At the same time, Han Fei put forward the philosophical concept of "reason" for the first time in the history of Chinese philosophy, and discussed its relationship with "Tao". He believes that "the Tao is what all things are made, and the reason is what is written."

In Han Fei's view, "reason" is the special law of things, and people should respect the objective law when doing things. Han Fei's epistemology inherited the materialist intellectual tradition in pre-Qin philosophy. His opposition to "foreknowledge" and "judging speech by reference" occupies an important page in the history of Chinese philosophy.

Han Fei opposes the idea of "foreknowledge". The so-called "prior knowledge" is transcendentalism. Han Fei advocates "being quiet after being virtual", and gaining knowledge through observing things instead of speculating.

Han Fei put forward the famous thesis of "judging right and wrong according to the name and facts, and judging words because of reference" ("Rape and Robbery and Murder of the King"). "Participation" is comparative study, and "testing" is to test with action. Han Fei believes that insisting on how it is without "reference" is a manifestation of ignorance; To do what you are not sure of is to deceive yourself.

Therefore, he advocated that "the officials of the Ming Lord, the prime minister must start from the state department, and the fierce general must be sent from the army." (Manifest Studies). There are many elements of dialectics in Han Fei's thought.

Seeing that things are constantly changing, he pointed out that "theorems have survival and death, life and death, and prosperity and decline." "One thing survives and dies, and those who die and die suddenly, and those who flourish at the beginning and then decline, cannot be normal. He put forward the concept of "contradiction" for the first time in the history of Chinese philosophy.

The story of the spear and shield he told still has a profound enlightening effect on people's analysis of problems and expression of ideas.

Let me add, 1Han Feizi also adhered to the historical concept of evolution, believing that history is developing and changing, and that the ancient and modern are different, and put forward the view that "the ancient is not repaired in time, the law is often permanent, and the things of the world are prepared because of them" ("Five Worms").

2.Han Fei believes that the world can be known. One is that man has the ability to understand the world, he said, "Wisdom and wisdom, heaven also; Movement and thought, people too.

People are also multiplied by the dawn to see, placed in the wisdom of the sky to listen, and entrusted to the wisdom of the sky to think. This means that people rely on their natural eyes, ears, and other sensory organs and thinking organs to sense and think about the objective world. The second is that all things in heaven and earth have the way of being so, the reason of so, and the nature and shape of things, which can be felt and thought by these organs of man.

Han Feizi's ideological views include the idea of the rule of law, the centralization of monarchy, utilitarianism, the idea of power scheme, punishment and reward, and the idea of yin and yang.

1.The idea of the rule of law

Han Feizi advocated the rule of law, believing that the law should be the basis for the management and rule of the country. He believed that the monarch should make clear laws and institutions to maintain social order and the stability of the country.

2.Monarchy centralization

Han Feizi advocated a political system of centralized monarchy, advocating that the monarch should have absolute power and authority. He believed that the security and stability of the country required a strong centralization of power, and the monarch should hold the decision-making power and power.

3.Utilitarianism

Han Feizi emphasized the views of pragmatism and utilitarianism. He believed that all actions should be guided by practical results and interests, and that seeking the greatest interests for the country and the monarch was the most important thing.

4.Conspiracy thinking

Han Feizi advocated the idea of conspiracy, believing that politics needs to be realized through conspiracy and strategy. He stressed that politicians should be resourceful and powerful in order to deal with complex political situations and competition.

5.Punishment and reward

Han Feizi took severe punishment and incentives to maintain social order and promote national development. He believed that the punishment and reward could motivate the people and maintain social stability.

6.Yin and Yang thoughts

Han Feizi borrowed the idea of yin and yang, arguing that society and politics have interdependent opposites. He stressed that political changes and the operation of power are inevitable and need to be adjusted accordingly.

Han Feizi's ideological viewpoint focuses on practicality, utilitarianism and power strategy, emphasizing the concentration of political power and the maintenance of social order. His ideas on the rule of law and the operation of power have had an important impact on later political theories.

"Yes" means: the first of the following classifications, which means an explanation or classification. There is no specific meaning, it just means that the noun in front of the word "is" has the same meaning as the noun in it within a certain range, just like the sentence "Han Feizi is a philosopher", the two nouns "Han Feizi" and "philosopher" can be replaced within a certain range.

1. Indicates the explanation or classification: he worker. The author of "The True Story of Ah Q" Lu Xun.

2. Indicates existence: sweaty.

3. Expressing the acknowledgment of what is said, and then turning to the right meaning, containing the meaning of "although": poetry Good poetry is too long.

4. Indicates suitability: the time to come.

5. Indicates any: where. He is willing to do any work.

6. Used to ask: Is he gone?

7. The accentuated tone has the meaning of "indeed" and "real": the weather is cold.

8. Right, reasonable, as opposed to "non": non. He said . Be realistic.

9. Think right: Ancient is not modern. To each his own. Deeply.

10. Agree or agree (just say the word "yes"): I'll go.

11. This, this: day. Bearable, unbearable. Abound .

12. Particle, the object of the act in advance to indicate only this: but you ask. Profit-seeking.

13. Surname.

Relative words. A word that indicates an affirmative judgment [be].

Indicates an explanation or classification: he worker.

The judgment sentence yes is a judgment word.

Xu Disheng... It's you.。。 You want to face no.