What were the new situations of foreign invasion in China s diplomacy in the middle and late Ming Dy

The southeast coast was harassed by the Japanese invaders, the Dutch invaded Taiwan, and the Portuguese occupied Macao.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Japanese Japanese invaded China's coastal areas frequently, not only invading China's borders, but also invading Korea and other surrounding areas attached to the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty had to send troops to help Korea, and the Ming Dynasty itself also had a few traitors who colluded with the Japanese invaders, but Qi Jiguang, an excellent general of the Ming Dynasty, played a great role in resisting the invasion of the Japanese invaders.

As far as I know, there are four:

Japan, invading Korea, intended to use Korea as a springboard to attack the Ming Dynasty.

The Netherlands invaded and occupied Taiwan as a base in East Asia.

Portugal cannot be said to have invaded Macao, and the activities of the Portuguese in Macao are still subject to the laws of the Ming Dynasty and the jurisdiction of nearby Xiangshan County.

Burma, in the first year of Wanli, captured Longchuan, collected Mubang, Manmo, Ganya and other land states, and then was repulsed, and still has been invading Yunnan.

There were Japanese pirates in the southeast, but the Qi army cleaned them up, and the Dutch and Portuguese armies cleaned them up.

Portugal, the Netherlands invaded the southeast coast. Later, Portugal occupied Macau and the Dutch occupied Taiwan.

On the whole, there are two external forces: 1The Japanese on the southeast coast were rampant for a period of time and were later wiped out.

2.The great scourge of the nomads in the north of the Ming Dynasty has not been completely eliminated until the fall of the Ming Dynasty, it still exists, and later the Qing Dynasty incorporated the northern land into the territory of the Qing Dynasty, and this problem was completely solved. . .

During the Hongwu and Yongle periods of the Ming Dynasty, the foreign policy changed from the former's seclusion and strict maritime ban to the latter's proactive and relaxed "maritime ban" in foreign exchanges.

There are significant differences between the two.

Obviously, the policy of opening up to the outside world implemented by Ming Chengzu is far-sighted and in line with the historical trend compared with the policy of external isolation and self-defense implemented during the Zhu Yuanjin period.

Reason: The internal cause is that in the late Ming Dynasty, China's feudal system gradually declined and decayed. The external cause was the invasion of China's southeastern coastal areas by the Japanese and the arrival of Western colonialism from the east.

Blue Jade destroyed Mongolia, Qi Jiguang fought against the Japanese, Li Chengliang was in the Northeast, and Wanli was the three major expeditions.

The Qing Dynasty fought against Tsarist Russia, Qianlong's ten major martial arts.

More famous.

Ming Chengzu conquered Mongolia six times.

The War Against the Japanese. The Three Great Expeditions of Wanli During the reign of Emperor Zhu Yijun (1573 1619), the Battle of Ningxia and the Battle of Banzhou, which supported Korea against Japanese aggression, put down the rebellion. All three wars were won, but the Ming Dynasty also suffered huge losses in manpower and material resources.

Ming: Ming Chengzu expedition to the north, to fight against Warat, southeast to resist the Japanese, Wanli to conquer Korea, Zheng Chenggong to recover Taiwan, Qing: to fight against Tsarist Russia, to resist the French war.

Struggle: Qi Jiguang resisted the Japanese and put an end to the Japanese in the southeast coastal area and protected the safety of the people's lives and property. (2 points) Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan, and Taiwan returned to the embrace of the motherland.

2 points) The Qing army defeated Tsarist Russia in the two battles of Yaksa, drove out the Russian invaders, and defended the territory of the motherland. (2 points) (3) Zheng He went to the West.

Qi Jiguang resisted the Japanese and quelled the troubles in the southeast coast and protected the safety of people's lives and property. Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan, and Taiwan returned to the embrace of the motherland. Emperor Kangxi organized two battles of Yaksa to drive out the Russian invaders.

Yu Qian's defense of Beijing, Qi Jiguang's resistance to the Japanese, the Qing Dynasty's resistance to Tsarist Russia, and so on.

Qianlong conquered Burma and Vietnam once.

Zheng Chenggong defeated the Dutch colonists to recover Taiwan, and the Qing Dynasty counterattacked the invasion of Tsarist Russia.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Japanese Japanese invaded China's coastal areas frequently, not only invading China's borders, but also invading Korea and other surrounding areas attached to the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty had to send troops to help Korea, and the Ming Dynasty itself also had a few traitors who colluded with the Japanese invaders, but Qi Jiguang, an excellent general of the Ming Dynasty, played a great role in resisting the invasion of the Japanese invaders.

In the early Qing Dynasty, China implemented "closing the country".

At that time, the natural economic form was stable and developed, and there was no need to be "self-reliant" with foreign countries, and there was no dependence on foreign trade. Moreover, many anti-Qing forces were active at sea, and often attacked the Qing regime by sea, especially Zheng Chenggong's anti-Qing group, so the Qing Dynasty banned all exchanges by sea for political and military security. In the third year of Shunzhi (1646), the "sea ban" began.

In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), it was "edicted to migrate coastal residents and strictly forbidden the sea." "Forced to move 35 to 50 miles inland from the coastal areas of Shandong to Guangdong, and merchant ships and fishing boats were not allowed to go to sea.

You'd better pay the rent first.

There's a lot to say.

Changes in foreign policy.

Before the Tang Dynasty, China (mainly Han people) has been expanding abroad, although there are Confucian remarks that there is belligerence and danger since ancient times, but since the Song Dynasty, the Han people have always taken a defensive position and focused on defense, so the Han people after the Song Dynasty were weak, and in the Ming Dynasty, they emphasized stability and economic changes.

China's small-scale peasant economy reached its peak at this time and was basically self-sufficient, on the other hand, commerce developed rapidly, capitalism sprouted, and politically the monarch's power reached its peak, which was also a manifestation of the quarterly decay of the political system. lagging behind the West, ** is still in the era of cold weapons (although there are some firearms, artillery.

The biggest change is that the country is closed to the outside world, so that the previous advanced technology has not been communicated with the outside world, and is gradually surpassed by Western countries.

Changes in the economy.

China's small-scale peasant economy reached its peak at this time and was basically self-sufficient, on the other hand, commerce developed rapidly, capitalism sprouted, and the political monarch's power reached its peak, which was also a manifestation of the quarterly decay of the political system.

Culturally, the mind is extremely imprisoned, in fact, it has been gradually military since Song Lixue; lagging behind the West, ** is still in the era of cold weapons (although there are some firearms, artillery.

The Qin Dynasty built the city of Qin Changfu to resist the invasion of the Xiongnu, and overhauled the Bai Ling Canal in the southern region to control the Yue people. Belong to the foreign politics of du defense

Plan. Zhang Qian of the Han Dynasty sent envoys to the Western Regions, the DAO Silk Road, and the Western Regions to establish friendly and cooperative exchanges with the Western Regions, which was an open foreign policy.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty communicated between the north and the south, which was conducive to unification. It is an open-door policy.

Xuanzang Tianzhu of the Tang Dynasty learned scriptures and Jianzhen traveled east to Japan. An open and inclusive foreign policy.

The Yuan Dynasty was established by ethnic minorities, and ethnic integration belonged to an open and inclusive policy.

The Ming Dynasty repaired the Great Wall and the Qing Temple, and the Ming Dynasty adopted a policy of passive defense. In the early days of the Qing Dynasty, Huairou was a policy towards ethnic minorities, and later it was a decadent policy of maritime prohibition and closed off the country.