What is the significance of going all out to fight high temperature and drought and win the battle t

Nowadays, the weather is hot, there is a shortage of water in many places, and there is even a drought in some places, the lack of water not only affects the normal life of human beings, but also has a certain impact on the growth of crops in our country, such as Hunan, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places planted rice has been seriously affected, because of the drought rice growth has become slow or even dead, now the relevant provinces are going all out to resist high temperature and drought to win the autumn grain harvest war, The significance of a bumper grain harvest lies in the fact that first, the income of the peasants has been preserved; Second, it has increased the amount of grain used in our country, because grain is the foundation of a country, and only when the people have enough to eat can they have the strength to produce.

First, the significance of a bumper grain harvest is very important, first of all, the peasants' hard-earned money has been guaranteed.

Whether it is rice or other crops, it costs farmers a lot of effort and manpower, farmers are counting on a bumper harvest year to have their own income can be higher, it can be said that these grains are their hope, and farmers are also counting on these grains to eat, so the grain harvest is of great significance.

Second, China's grain reserves are guaranteed to a certain extent.

China is a big grain producer, the annual grain output can not only be used by the domestic people, but also part of the surplus exported to other countries, the drought of the provinces involved 16 provinces, crops affect the area is very extensive, if there are no good measures, will certainly affect China's grain reserves, so it is very important to ensure a bumper grain harvest.

3. Grain is the foundation of a country's development, and only when the foundation is laid can other construction be developed.

Only when the common people are well fed can they have the strength to work hard, so a bumper grain harvest is the foundation of a country's development, and only when the foundation is laid can the country develop other constructions in a stable manner, and the grain harvest is of great significance to the peasants and the country's construction, and all provinces must pay attention to it and fight the battle to defend the autumn grain harvest.

The bumper grain harvest is a testament to China's national strength to ensure food security. China has continuously increased policy support for the supply of grain and important agricultural products, which has provided important support for a bumper harvest in grain production. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has focused on food security and has formed a three-dimensional and multi-dimensional food support policy system to protect farmers' income and enthusiasm for growing grain.

A bumper grain harvest can make the people have enough to eat, so that the people will no longer be hungry, and can also increase the income of peasants, and the significance of a bumper grain harvest is very significant.

Under the influence of the new crown epidemic, it is particularly important to ensure national food security, so that people can eat at ease, eat nutritious and healthy, so as to better move forward towards our goal.

The bumper harvest of autumn grain means that China has solved the problem of grain production.

According to reports, China's total grain output exceeded one trillion kilograms, which is an important goal of the "three rural" work in 2022. A year's grain production can be divided into three seasons, namely summer, spring, and autumn. As things stand, both seasons are very fruitful.

According to the National Bureau of Statistics.

According to the figures released, the total output of summer grain in the country this year was 294.8 billion kilograms, a year-on-year increase.

100 million kilograms; The total output of early rice in the country is 100 million kilograms, an increase from 2021, an increase of 100 million kilograms. Despite the current spread of the international epidemic and the complex international environment, the bumper summer grain yield and the stable early rice production have ensured a bumper grain harvest for the macro economy.

The smooth operation and economic operation of the company provide strong support. <>

After a while, the autumn grain harvest in our country will begin. The autumn cereal production accounts for 3 4 percent of the year, making it the largest part of the year. Stabilizing autumn grain is an important guarantee for guaranteeing 1300 million catties of grain this year.

At present, it is an important stage of autumn production, and striving for the harvest of autumn grain is not only a favorable condition, but also a great challenge. The sown area of grain in autumn reached more than 1.3 billion mu, an increase over last year; When the planting area is stabilized, there is a basis for production. At the end of July this year, the longest, most widespread, and most average drought occurred in southern China since 1961.

In order to achieve a stable and bumper grain harvest, it is necessary to "work hard by man," "implement policies," and "help from heaven." When the weather is bad, only by acting positively will there be gains. In order to support the country's drought fighting, disaster prevention, disaster prevention, and stable production, the Ministry of Finance.

10 billion yuan of funds for agricultural production and water conservancy disaster relief have been urgently allocated; In order to do a better job in scientific guidance and services for disaster prevention and autumn protection, on the basis of reducing losses, we should organize the masses in the disaster-stricken areas to carry out production and self-help. <>

It represents a bumper harvest, a harvest of farmers' efforts for a year, hope, fruit, and the joy of a bumper harvest.

The golden wheat waves and golden rice are the scene of a bumper harvest, and the autumn grain harvest is an important condition for ensuring the people's livelihood and ensuring that the people are fed and clothed. Only when there is a bumper grain harvest can the people's livelihood be guaranteed.

A bumper harvest of autumn grain can bring good returns to the peasants, and it can also enrich the national grain depot and enhance China's food security.

The first is that high temperatures can accelerate the evaporation of water from plants. A large amount of water is used for transpiration and heat dissipation, which destroys the water balance in the plant, causing the plant to wilt and dry up. High temperature will affect the differentiation of flower buds, and the male flowers of fruits and vegetables will increase, and the female flowers will decrease.

At the same time, high temperature will also affect pollen activity, resulting in difficult or uneven pollination of female flowers, an increase in cereal empty grains, an increase in small fruits and an increase in deformed fruits. High temperature will accelerate the growth and development of crops, shorten the entire growth period, make crops mature and senescent early, and affect yield.

The second is that high temperature can easily lead to hindered protein synthesis. At the same time, high temperatures promote the formation of toxic substances. At high temperatures, the intensity of crop respiration is greater than that of photosynthesis, and not only can not store the substance, but also consumes the original substance.

The longer it takes, the crops will starve to death. In addition, high temperatures lead to an increase in the rate of transpiration, putting crops at risk of drought even if the soil is not dehydrated.

The second is damage to the male and female panicles. High temperatures may damage the ears of corn during booting and during the pollination process. When the temperature is continuously higher than 35, it is not conducive to the formation of pollen, hinders the flowering and dispersion of pollen, and is manifested as the small number of tasseled branches, the number of florets decreases, the florets degenerate, the anthers become thinner and wilt, and the pollen vigor decreases.

The degree of damage increases with temperature and duration. Prolongation and intensification. When the temperature exceeds 38, the tassel cannot bloom and the powder is clogged.

In the late stages of growth, high temperatures cause the corn plants to die prematurely, or end the growth process prematurely, entering the maturity stage. The filling time is shortened, the dry matter accumulation is reduced, and the 1000-grain weight, bulk density, yield and quality are reduced.

It is important to know that the reason why high temperature is harmful is that high temperature will inactivate the chlorophyll in crops and reduce the photosynthetic rate. It denatures the protein agglutination in the cell, loses the semi-permeability of the cell membrane, and damages plant organs and tissues; High temperature can also reduce the ability of photosynthetic compounds to be transported to the panicle and grains, and the activity of enzymes is reduced, resulting in a shortened grain filling period, incomplete grains, and reduced yield.

One is to affect the photosynthesis of crops; the second is to accelerate the evaporation of water in crops; third, it is easy to cause virus strains; Fourth, it affects the growth and development of crops and affects the results.

It may affect the normal growth of crops and may affect the normal fruiting of crops.

High temperature inactivates plant chlorophyll and reduces the rate of photosynthesis; High temperature can affect flower bud differentiation; High temperatures accelerate the evaporation of water from the plant's body.

In people's perception, as long as there is a rare high temperature and drought, then some crops will inevitably be affected, and grain production will be reduced. These perceptions were only the case in ancient times when they relied on the sky for food. If the drought continues, there will be a great famine year, and the crops will be reduced and people will go hungry.

But now, not only do we have perfect experience in fighting drought and disasters, but also the relevant departments have done a lot of preventive measures against natural disasters. Moreover, the construction of our high-standard farmland has realized that irrigation can be carried out as long as there is water with the help of pumping and irrigation facilities and equipment, and to a large extent, it has also laid the foundation for a bumper grain harvest in our country.

China has a vast territory, and the latitude and longitude span are relatively large. Some areas are hot and dry, but there are also many areas where the wind and rain are good. Although there is a high temperature and drought in some parts of the south, the rainfall and temperature are relatively normal in China's major grain producing areas such as North China and Northeast China.

The main food crop harvested in the autumn in these areas is maize. And the corn harvest has also stabilized our food pockets.

Although there has been high temperature and drought in some areas in the south this year, in order to cope with the high temperature and drought weather, China has cultivated a new type of rice that can resist high temperature and drought. This rice is more resistant to heat and drought than ordinary rice. From sowing to harvesting, a bumper harvest can be achieved with only one or two irrigations.

Now, this rice is widely cultivated in the south. Therefore, even if there is a hot and dry weather like this year, the harvest of this rice will not be affected much. This is also one of the reasons why we can ensure a bumper harvest of autumn grain in our country.

In addition, the irrigation system of China's high-standard farmland is relatively perfect, and the effective use of water resources has been realized through many advanced methods and means. Crops have also benefited greatly. China's relevant departments are also very conscientious and responsible, leading the peasant masses to make full preparations to resist high temperature and drought, so as to ensure that China's autumn grain can get a bumper harvest!

This summer is rare in high temperature and drought, but the grain is still abundant. The southern region suffered from rare high temperature drought, long duration, wide range, high intensity, the highest temperature in many places reached or even broke through the historical extreme, agricultural drought is a meteorological disaster that has an impact on agricultural production, with the help of the local ** department, rice is still basically achieved a bumper harvest.

The technical promotion of drought-resistant varieties has made crops more heat-tolerant and drought-tolerant, and improved the survival ability of crops in the face of adversity. High-standard farmland makes "catastrophe smaller". It provides a better living environment for crops.

** The guidance technology of the department is in place, which reduces the losses of farmers.

The main reason is that the production technology is more advanced, and in recent years, great progress has been made in drought control, and it is very experienced.

At around 7 p.m., as the scorching heat gradually subsided, people began to go outdoors in villages in Chongqing's Dazu District, climbing up the hillside and dragging long pipes to water the regenerated rice in the fields and the fruit trees on the hillside. Since the temperature reached 40, this work has been going on every night, and people will water it until the next morning. Wait until the sun comes out and the temperature rises sharply, making it unsuitable for watering.

On the night of August 23, in Liu Fengzuan's orchard in Chongqing's Dazu District, workers avoided the high temperature during the day and watered at night to fight drought. Why do crops need so much water?

The amount of water required in the process of crop growth and development mainly includes two parts: physiological water demand and ecological water demand.

The drought occurred suddenly, and in the hottest areas, the high temperature lasted for more than 30 days, and at this time, it was the critical moment for corn, rice and other autumn grains to tassel and flower, pollinate and bear fruit. Water is needed for all physiological activities and normal growth and development in the life process of crops to cultivate a good living environment, so as to regulate soil temperature, affect fertilizer decomposition, and improve the field microclimate.

When the temperature is high, the air is dry, and the wind speed is high, the crops will need more water.

Under the conditions of high temperature and drought, rice booting and grain filling were affected to varying degrees, especially the corn and soybean that were about to be harvested had insufficient grain filling to varying degrees. Under the severe drought, the area affected by drought in nine provinces and cities, including Sichuan, Chongqing, Lianghu and Jiangxi, reached 32.99 million mu, and the area of crops damaged was 17.64 million mu. On the whole, the current high temperature and drought have become the biggest threat to the autumn grain harvest, and the current high temperature and drought are still continuing, and the task of disaster resistance and relief is still severe, so a large amount of water is needed to irrigate crops to ensure their growth and maturity.

The temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation is unevenly distributed due to the seasonal change of atmospheric circulation, the long-term change of monsoon climate and the difference of natural conditions.

The annual rainfall is 800 1000 mm, the average annual temperature is about 16, and 80% of the precipitation is concentrated in July and October. The climate has the characteristics of warm winter, dry spring, dry summer, and autumn rain, and the rainfall is unevenly distributed, and the seasonality is strong, mostly distributed in July and October, and sufficient water is urgently needed to maintain growth during this time period.

Because it is water that allows crops to grow. Water is the source of all things, and a lack of water can affect the yield of crops.

Because the general crop is not as potted as in the greenhouse, its large roots need a lot of water irrigation, only when the water is sufficient, its branches and leaves can resist the sun's irradiation, photosynthesize with the sun, and produce high-quality products.

Water plays a great role in the growth and development of crops, it can participate in a variety of metabolism, and its content directly affects the speed of crop metabolism. Generally, the water content is relatively large in the part where the crop grows vigorously, such as root tips, green leaves, and seedlings.