Where is the Surabaya Pass in the Han Dynasty now, and where is the Surabaya Pass in ancient times?

The Surabaya Pass of the Han Dynasty was a town of Bishui 16 kilometers northwest of the city of Xingyang City, Henan Province.

Bishui Pass, also known as Tiger Prison Pass, one of the eight passes in Luoyang, is also known as Wugao Pass because of the taboo of Li Hu, the grandfather of Tang Gaozu. As the eastern gateway and important pass of Luoyang, the Tiger Prison Pass was named after King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty who imprisoned the tiger here. It is connected to Songyue in the south, the Yellow River in the north, and the mountains are staggered, which is a natural danger.

There is a trend of "one husband is the pass, ten thousand people are not open", and it is a place for soldiers of all dynasties.

Surabaya County is located in the south-central part of Shandong Province. It is connected to the sea in the east by Linmeng, Qufu, the hometown of Confucius in the west, Zou Cheng, the hometown of Mencius in the south, and Mount Tai, the honor of the five mountains in the north. It is the birthplace of Sihe culture and has a long history.

Bishui Pass: In present-day Xingyang Bishui Town, Henan, that is, Hugao Pass, in the romance, the two titles of one pass are mistaken for two passes.

I really haven't heard of Surabaya Pass, and Bishui Pass is the Tiger Prison Pass in Xingyang, Henan.

Now it is regarded as Shandong Province's "Hua 1 Rhyme, 1 Zi 1 News".

In ancient times, the Surabaya basin was larger than now, and the name of Surabaya County was named after the Si River, which was called Surabaya in ancient times, and was one of the nine waters of Yuzhi The Si River originated from the foothills of Dongbeiwei Mountain, Quanlin Town, Surabaya County, and was named after the four sources of Baotu, washing bowls, Xiangshui, and Hongshi Springs and converging into a river. The current Sihe River flows through Surabaya County, Qufu, Yanzhou, Zoucheng border, and Jining, and flows into Weishan Lake.

The Sihe River originates from the western foot of Xintai Taipingding in the hinterland of Mengshan Mountain, originally passed through the southwest plain of Shandong, followed the flow path of the four lakes (Zhaoyang Lake, Nanyang Lake, Dushan Lake and Weishan Lake) in the southeast of the present-day mountain, and entered Jiangsu Province, with a main stream length of 159 kilometers and a basin area of 2,361 square kilometers. The Sihe River is a mountain flood river, the river water is mainly replenished by precipitation, and the flood season is concentrated, often forming flood disasters. After 1949, more than 120 reservoirs such as Hezhuang, Huacun, Longwantau and Nishan were built successively, and the downstream rivers were also dredged, which basically lifted the water disaster.

The basin is rich in coal resources, and the Yanzhou coalfield is located in it.

There are 10,000 hectares of cultivated land in the Sihe River Basin, which mainly grows wheat, corn, soybeans, peanuts and cotton, and the forest and fruit industry in the hilly area is also more important. The Sihe River Basin is a place inhabited by the Dongyi people in ancient times, and it is also one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization. According to records, Fuxi, Shennong, Yellow Emperor, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Gaotao, Dayu and other places of birth or activity are mostly in Qufu and the upper reaches of the Sihe River east of it.

The Sihe River basin is also the source of Confucian culture. The Five Sages of Confucianism, as well as many sages such as Mozi and Zhongzi, grew up and were active in the Sihe River Valley. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty stationed in Quanlin ten times, and established two palaces on the north bank of the Sihe River in Quanlin and the north of the county.

There are many cultural relics and historic sites in Surabaya County, and nearly 100 ancient ruins have been identified.