What is the basis on which the United Nations takes peacekeeping and operations

Armed forces organized by the United Nations to help maintain and restore peace in conflict areas, with the participation of military personnel, but without enforcement powers. Abbreviated as a peacekeeping force. The Charter of the United Nations does not provide for peacekeeping forces.

The peacekeeping force is a gradual development of the United Nations in the practice of resolving regional conflicts, and is an innovation of the United Nations in maintaining world peace.

Peacekeepers are the messengers of United Nations peacekeeping operations. The main purpose of United Nations peacekeeping operations is to contain the expansion of conflicts or to prevent their recurrence, and to buy time and create conditions for a final political settlement of conflicts. United Nations peacekeeping operations can be broadly divided into two categories:

Peacekeeping forces and military observer missions. The former is generally made up of armed military personnel, and the latter is generally made up of unarmed military personnel. Their mandate is to oversee ceasefires, truces, truces and withdrawals; observe and report on the situation in the conflict zone; isolate the parties to the conflict and assist in restoring law and order in the conflict area; delivery and protection of humanitarian aid; supervision** or referendums, etc.

Peacekeeping forces are generally decided, organized and led by the Security Council (and in individual cases, the General Assembly) and commanded by the Secretary-General. Maintain strict neutrality in the operation and do not interfere in the internal affairs of the country or take sides in the conflict; No force shall be used except in self-defence; Peacekeeping operations are temporary and non-permanent.

From 1948, when the United Nations first established UNTSO in the Middle East, to 1994, when the United Nations sent a military observer mission to Tajikistan, the United Nations has conducted a total of 34 peacekeeping operations. United Nations peacekeeping operations can be broadly divided into four phases: The Early Phase (1948-1955).

The United Nations has sent two military observer missions; Development stage (1956-1978). The United Nations has conducted 11 peacekeeping operations; Stagnation phase (1978-1987). Due to the all-out Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, the United Nations did not introduce new peacekeeping operations; Revitalization phase (1988-1994).

Due to the end of the Cold War and the easing of relations between the East and the West, the United Nations has launched 21 peacekeeping operations.

Peacekeepers were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988 for their significant contribution to the maintenance of world peace. Come from.

The Charter of the United Nations does not stipulate this, and it should be said that it is a practice formed in the course of practice.

However, peacekeeping operations and their deployment are authorized by the Security Council and require the prior consent of the host country** and, as a rule, of the other parties concerned.

September 1988 - China formally applied for membership in the United Nations Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations.

1989 – China sent its first representative to the United Nations Transition Assistance Mission in Namibia to help Namibia achieve independence from South Africa.

In 1991, Lei Runmin, a Kuwaiti military observer stationed in Iraq, died in a car accident at the Iraq-Kuwait border. In 2003, he was posthumously awarded the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal by the United Nations.

April 1992 - China's first "Blue Helmets" unit, the Military Engineering Brigade, went to Cambodia to carry out a mission.

In May 1992, Liu Ming, a military observer stationed in Cambodia, contracted cerebral malaria while on a mission in Cambodia, and unfortunately died after ineffective treatment.

At 22:40 on May 21, 1993, a rocket landed at the camp of the Chinese Peacekeeping Engineer Brigade stationed in Sikun Town, Kampong Dong Province, causing the unfortunate death of Chen Zhiguo and Yu Shili, soldiers of the 8th Squad of the 3rd Squadron of the 1st Squadron of the Peacekeeping Engineer Brigade to Cambodia, and wounding 7 other Chinese engineers.

April 2003 - China went to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) for peacekeeping. The unit consisted of an engineer company and a medical team.

At about 2 p.m. on March 13, 2003, Yu Jianxing, head of the chemical inspection team of the United Nations Verification Agency for Iraq, was in a car accident on his way back to Baghdad.

November 2003 - China went to Liberia for peacekeeping. The unit consists of a transport detachment, a medical detachment, and an engineering brigade.

October 2004 - Chinese Formed Police Officers Went to Haiti for Peacekeeping. This is the first time that our country has deployed formed riot police to carry out a United Nations peacekeeping operation.

At noon on May 3, 2005, Fu Qingli, the leader of the third squad of the construction detachment of the peacekeeping engineer company in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), suddenly fainted while washing the sludge on the loader on a Linshan Peninsula on the shore of Lake Kivu.

October 2005 - Chinese peacekeepers went to Sudan. The troops have engineering units, transport units and medical units.

At 7:15 a.m. on October 24, 2005, Zhang Ming, a non-commissioned officer of the peacekeeping transport detachment to Liberia, was shot in the head while going out on a mission with his comrades-in-arms and unfortunately died.

March 2006 - China's Engineer Battalion departed for Lebanon, marking the first time China sent a peacekeeping force to the Middle East.

At 19.30 on 25 July 2006, the Israeli Air Force carried out an air raid on the southern Lebanese border town of Khiam, which hit a United Nations observer post, killing Du Zhaoyu, a military observer in Lebanon, and three other United Nations observers.

January 12, 2010 - Zhu Xiaoping, Guo Baoshan, Wang Shulin, Li Xiaoming, members of the Chinese Ministry of Public Security's peacekeeping team in Haiti, and comrades Zhao Huayu, Li Qin, Zhong Jianqin, and He Zhihong (female) of the peacekeeping police force in Haiti, who were holding talks with MINUSTAH** in the building, were buried under the rubble and died heroically at 5:56 a.m. Beijing time on January 13.

United Nations peacekeeping operations (in the form of military observer missions and peacekeeping forces) under the direct leadership of the Secretary-General and peacekeeping operations approved by the Security Council and authorized by the Secretary-General and commanded by regional organizations or major powers (in the form of multinational forces and "humanitarian intervention forces"). Chinese peacekeepers.

From the end of the Second World War to May 2000, the United Nations had organized 68 peacekeeping operations, involving more than 750,000 military, police and civilian personnel. Its purpose has expanded from traditional ceasefire monitoring and good offices to preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping and peace-building. Its tasks include monitoring ceasefires, truces, withdrawals; disengaging the parties to the conflict; observe and report on the situation; help implement peace agreements; preventing illegal border crossings or infiltrations, and maintaining law and order in conflict areas.

As the international situation has evolved, the mandates of peacekeeping operations have gradually expanded to include many non-traditional tasks, such as monitoring elections, referendums, protecting and distributing humanitarian assistance, and assisting in mine clearance and the return of refugees to their homes.

Since September 2003, United Nations Peacekeeping Operation: Monitoring the Armistice in Liberia

Since April, the United Nations peacekeeping operation has supervised the armistice in Côte d'Ivoire

The first United Nations peacekeeping operation: monitoring a truce in the Middle East.

Year-to-date, UN Peacekeeping Operations: Monitoring the Armistice in Sudan June to the present, UN Peacekeeping Operations: Monitoring the Armistice in Burundi Since September, UN Peacekeeping Operations:

Monitoring the Armistice in Liberia UN Peacekeeping Operations: Monitoring the Armistice in Côte d'Ivoire from April to present.

Sudan - United Nations Mission in the Sudan March 2005 to present Burundi ONUB June 2004 to present.

Liberia UNMIL September 2003 to present.

Côte d'Ivoire UNOCI April 2004 to present.

Democratic Republic of the Congo MONUC December 1999 to present Ethiopia Eritrea UNMEE July 2000 to present Sierra Leone UNAMSIL October 1999 to present Western Sahara MINURSO April 1991 to present.

Haiti MINUSTAH June 2004 to present.

India Pakistan UNMOGIP January 1949 to present Cyprus UNFICYP March 1964 to present.

Georgia UNOMIG August 1993 to present.

Kosovo UNMIK June 1999 to present.

The Syrian Golan Heights UNDOF June 1974 to present Lebanon UNIFIL March 1978 to date.

Middle East Armistice Supervision Organization June 1948 to present.

1. Maintain world peace and security, whether China or other countries are obligatory; 2. As one of the five permanent members of the Security Council, China has the responsibility and obligation to shoulder the important task of world peace, and China is playing an increasingly important role in peacekeeping operations. 3. With the changes in the international situation and the increase in wars, UN peacekeeping operations have become an important means of maintaining international peace and regional stability, especially in the Middle East and Africa, in order to control wars, especially the civil strife in a country, 90 of the peacekeeping operations are concentrated in these regions, and China supports UN peacekeeping. 4. At present, UN peacekeeping operations are still subject to the control or influence of the interests of major countries, and the major powers concerned want to use peacekeeping to safeguard their own interests, so it is necessary for China to safeguard its own interests and strategic interests by dispatching more international peacekeepers, and increase its voice in handling international affairs. 5. The scale and operations of UN peacekeeping are getting bigger and bigger, and peacekeeping operations as a whole are developing in the direction of "comprehensive peacekeeping operations". Practice has proven that in order for a United Nations peacekeeping operation to be successful, it is necessary to win the support and participation of countries from different regions, religions, and cultural backgrounds.