Senior 1 Chemistry Compulsory 2 Organic Chemical Homologues, Isomers

Homologues refer to organic substances of the same type, which are similar in some structure and can be expressed in the same general formula. For example, the alkane is CNH2N+2Isomerism refers to different substances identified by the same expression, which can be of the same system or different families.

A functional group is an element or whole that is specific to the substance, such as -cl, -oh, -cho......Pure hydrogen carbon is not a functional group. The molecular structure is more troublesome, anyway, C is generally connected with four bonds, and O is negative bivalent ......As for the naming of organic matter, it mainly follows several rules, what functional group is preferred, the smallest add-on, and the longest main chain. Basically, just memorize those rules and do more questions.

Homologues refer to a class of substances with similar structures and molecular differences of one to more CH2. To determine whether it is a homologue, it mainly grasps the structural similarity, and the molecular composition is different by one to more CH2. There are three main steps for the naming of hydrocarbons:

Find the main chain, number it, name it. The principle of finding the main chain is: the principle of long and multi.

That is, the number of carbon is the largest, and some branches are also the most. The numbering follows the principle of near, simple and small. That is, starting from the carbon closest to the branch, if there are two substituents in the same position at both ends, from the substituents are simply braided, after naming, the sum of the numbers is the smallest.

If you still don't understand, find time to hi me)

Organic is actually quite fun. The key-line style is like drawing, and some of the compositing steps are written in a large piece, which looks particularly forced, but in fact, that's what it is.

No matter how complex the organic matter is, it is formed by a functional group attached to the talking chain, and the functional groups have characteristic reactions, which is why alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkynes, alkynes, aromatics, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, etc. have been done all the way. At the end of the day, functional groups are different.

If you are in high school, you don't need to understand the principle, such as the push electron group hanging on the aromatic hydrocarbon, the electron group absorbs the electron group or something, anyway, there are not many things, and the functional group basically reflects rote memorization is enough.

Practice more. It's not that you have to play the sea of questions to practice, concentrate on practicing for a period of time, and you don't need to practice a lot when the accuracy rate reaches 80%. It's up to you to pursue it.

By the way, organic has little to do with the front, and if you don't learn anything else, it won't affect this part. Go bold boy!

Rote.

It is related to the atomic structure: C can form 4 covalent bonds, O can form 2 covalent bonds, H can form 1 covalent bond, etc.

1. A increases the mass for H2O, and is generated, and B increases the mass for CO2, and H C then the organic matter contains oxygen O there.

c:h:o=:::8:1 i.e. c7h8o

2. Concentrated sulfuric acid weight gain, that is, water, H2O has, H, O.

Soda lime weight gain, i.e. CO2, C, O.

The second question oxygen should be, that is, there is before the reaction, o.

Let the generated CO have xmol, which is calculated by the conservation of mass 3+ x=3ga with c h 3ga contained.

3ga contains O

c： h： o=：：:8:1 c3h8o

3. Let the hydrocarbon formula be CXHY

Cxhy + x+y 4)O2=xco2+(y 2)H2O, i.e. x+1=y 2

The solution is x=6 y=14, which is c6h14

I have, send me your address and send it to you.