How many records are there? How many biographies? Please list them one by one

The Records of the Historian is the first general history in Chinese history, with a total of 130 chapters, divided into five forms: the book, the book, the table, the family, and the biography. A type of biography, which mainly records the affairs of the princes. The author is Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty.

The Historical Records was written from 104 BC to 91 BC, originally there was no title, Sima Qian completed this masterpiece and gave it to the scholar Dongfang Shuo at that time, Dongfang Shuo admired it very much, and added the word "Taishi Gong" to the book. "Taishi" is Sima Qian's official position, "Gong" is a good title, and "Taishi Gong" is just a work that indicates whose work. When Ban Gu's "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" was written in this book, it was changed to "One Hundred and Thirty Chapters of Taishi Gongji", and later generations simplified it to "Taishi Gongji", "Taishi Gongshu", and "Taishi Gongchuan".

The Records of the Historian originally did not have a fixed title, and was generally called "Taishi Gongshu", or "Taishi Gongji", also known as "Taishi Gong". "Historical Records" was originally a common name for ancient historical books, and since the Three Kingdoms, "Historical Records" has gradually become a special name for "Taishi Gongshu". Liang Qichao, a close friend, praised this masterpiece as "a masterpiece of the ages" ("On the General Trend of Changes in Chinese Academic Thought").

Lu Xun praised it as "the swan song of the historian, the rhymeless "Lisao" (Outline of the History of Chinese Literature).

"Historical Records" is a general history throughout ancient and modern times, starting from the legendary Yellow Emperor, until the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, narrating the history of our country for about 3,000 years. According to Sima Qian, there are 12 chapters in the book, 10 in the table, 8 in the book, 30 in the family, and 70 in the biography, for a total of 130 articles. Ban Gu mentioned in the Hanshu Sima Qian's Biography that the "Historical Records" lacked ten articles.

Zhang Yan of the Three Kingdoms Wei pointed out that these ten articles are "Jingdi Benji", "Wudi Benji", "Book of Rites", "Book of Music", "Book of Law", "Chronology of Generals since the Han Dynasty", "Biography of the Japanese Scholars", "Three Kings Family", "Biography of Gui Ce", and "Biography of Fu Jin". Most of the descendants disagree with Zhang Yan's statement, but the incompleteness of the "Historical Records" is undoubted. This "Historical Records" is also one hundred and thirty articles, there are a few chapters that are obviously not Sima Qian's handwriting, Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Cheng's doctor Chu Shaosun wrote the "Historical Records", and this "Historical Records" in the "Mr. Chu said" is his supplement.

The Benji, the family, and the biography are all important parts of the "Historical Records".

"Benji" is the outline of the whole book, with the change of dynasties as the body, and the words and administrative achievements of the emperor are recorded by year and month; Among them, there are five articles that record the history of the pre-Qin period, in order of the Five Emperors, Xia, Yin, Zhou, and Qin; The seven chapters that record the history of the Qin and Han dynasties are Qin Shi Huang, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, Lu Pheasant, the Empress of Gao, Liu Heng, the Emperor of Han Wen, Liu Shuzhipiqi, the Emperor of Han Jing, and Liu Che, the Emperor of Han Wu.

The "Family" records the hereditary historical sites of princely feudal kingdoms and the deeds of particularly important people of the descendants.

"Biography" refers to the life deeds of representatives of various aspects other than emperors and princes and the biographies of ethnic minorities.

Beginning with the legendary Yellow Emperor and continuing to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (122 BC), the Records of the Historian recounts about 3,000 years of Chinese history. According to Sima Qian, the book consists of 12 chapters, 10 tables, 8 books, 30 family chapters, and 70 biographies, a total of 130 articles, about 526,500 words.

The Records of the Historians is one of the most famous classical classics in ancient China, and together with the later Book of Han, Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, it is known as the "First Four History". The "Historical Records" records the history of more than 3,000 years from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient Chinese legends to the first year of Yuanjia of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (122 BC). The author Sima Qian, with his historical knowledge of "studying heaven and man, through the changes of the past and the present, and becoming the words of a family", made the "Records of the Historian" the first general history in Chinese history.

The Records of the Historians includes 12 books, 30 families, 70 biographies, 10 tables, and 8 books, with a total of 130 articles and more than 526,500 words. The "Records of the Historians" originally did not have a fixed title, or "Taishi Gongshu", or "Taishi Gongji", or "Taishi Gongji", also known as "Taishi Gong". "Historical Records" was originally a common name for ancient history books, and since the Three Kingdoms period, "Historical Records" has gradually become a special name for "Taishi Gongshu" from the general name of historical books.

The Records of the Historians had a profound impact on the development of historiography and literature in later generations. The method of compiling history in the form of chronicles pioneered by him has been inherited by the "official history" of later dynasties. At the same time, "Historical Records" is also regarded as an excellent literary work, which has an important position in the history of Chinese literature, and is praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, the rhyme of separation", and has high literary value.

Liu Xiang and others believe that this book is "good at order and reason, argument but not flashy, quality but not slang".

"Historical Records" is a general history throughout ancient and modern times, starting from the legendary Yellow Emperor and writing to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, narrating our country.

About 3,000 years of history. According to Sima Qian, there are 12 chapters in the book, 10 in the table, 8 in the book, 30 in the family, and 70 in the biography, for a total of 130 articles. Ban Gu mentioned in the Hanshu Sima Qian's Biography that the "Historical Records" lacked ten articles. Wei Zhang Yan of the Three Kingdoms pointed out that these ten articles are "Jing.

Emperor Benji", "Emperor Wu Benji", "Book of Rites", "Book of Music", "Book of Law", "Chronology of Generals since the Han Dynasty", "Biography of the Japanese".

The Three Kings Family", "The Biography of Gui Celie", "The Biography of Fu Jin Lie". Most of the descendants disagree with Zhang Yan's statement, but it is true that the "Historical Records" is incomplete.

Undoubtedly. This "Historical Records" is also one hundred and thirty articles, and a few chapters are obviously not written by Sima Qian, Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Cheng.

Shi Chu Shaosun wrote the "Historical Records", which is in this "Historical Records"."Mr. Chu said"It's his supplement.

The Historical Records draws on a wide range of sources. At that time, the "Shiben", "Chinese", "National Policy", "Qin Ji", "Chu Han" circulated in the society.

The Spring and Autumn Period, the Hundred Schools of Thought and other works, as well as the documents and archives of the state, as well as the materials obtained from field investigations, were all written by Sima Qian.

Important Materials**. What is particularly valuable is that Sima Qian carefully analyzed and selected the materials collected, and eliminated some nonsense.

For some problems that cannot be clarified, they either adopt a skeptical attitude, or record various statements. Due to the wide range of materials, the historical state is revised.

is serious and serious, so the "Historical Records" is detailed and rich in content.

The Benji, the family, and the biography are all important parts of the "Historical Records".

1. Benji. The records of the Twelve Books begin from the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of the Chinese people, to the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, where the historians lived, and comprehensively describe the evolution history of the Chinese people for thousands of years, and its essence is to "observe the end of the primitive, see the prosperity and view the decline", and the goal of "changes through the past and the present" set by Sima Qian's history is reflected in this.

The realm pursued by Sima Qian, which is a major political, military, economic, and ethnic relationship that has a great bearing on the historical process, is completely different from the records of a number of events in isolation.

2. Family. There are a total of 30 chapters of "Shijia" in the "Historical Records", which record the history of the rise and fall of the major vassal states from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Western Han Dynasty. The name of "The Family" is because "the princes open the country, and the descendants are hereditary", that is, the titles of the princes are passed down from generation to generation, so it is called "The Family".

Later generations summarized it as "the prince passed on the country to the family" ("Later Han Shu Ban did not return to Biao Biography"), and the family was based on the marquis of Ji" (Zhao Yi's "Twenty-two Historical Notes").

However, Sima Qian was not limited to only using "The Family" to record the princes who founded the country, for example, Chen Shi died in addition to the country and had no queen, and he was indeed called King Chen, which played a huge historical role, so Sima Qian wrote "Chen Shi Family" for him. This shows that Sima Qian's realist spirit of flexible use of the style of "The Family" in order to truly reflect the historical reality.

The narrative method of the "Family" is basically the same as that of the "Benji", that is, the chronicle is used to record the affairs of the princes of the nations.

3. Biography. <>

"Table" is a simple memorabilia of various historical periods, which is the connection and supplement to the narrative of the whole book;

The "Maison" mainly narrates the history of the nobles and princes;

"Biography" is mainly a biographical of various types and different strata of people, and a few biographies are about the history of the rule of the rulers of ethnic minorities abroad and at home.

In addition to the "Qin Benji", the "Benji" narrates the political deeds of the supreme rulers and emperors of the past dynasties;

The "book" is a document of the beginning and end of individual events, which respectively describes the development and current situation of astronomy, calendar, water conservancy, economy, culture, art, etc., and is similar to the specialized scientific history of later generations.