What languages does Chinese include? What languages does Chinese include?

Chinese includes: Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, Min, Hakka and other languages, that is, Chinese is a language family composed of a cluster of relatives languages, but it is still a language as a whole.

"Chinese" in the narrow sense refers only to modern standard Chinese, which is based on Beijing dialect, Mandarin as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular works as the grammatical norms. In the case of non-phonetics, it refers only to the written language of modern vernacular scripts, and other dialect vernacular scripts cannot be used as written languages. The subjects that teach Chinese characters, grammar, literature, etc. in primary and secondary schools in China are called Chinese, Chinese, and Mandarin, all of which are titles for Chinese.

Language classes in Chinese mainland and Taiwan, taught in Mandarin (Chinese); Cantonese is spoken in Hong Kong and Macau, so the school will teach in Cantonese. The "Mandarin" of Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Macao, the "Chinese" of Taiwan, and the "Mandarin" of overseas Chinese are basically the same, with only slight differences in the pronunciation of individual words. In addition, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau are regions where Chinese traditional Chinese is the main language.

Chinese is one of the six official languages of the United Nations and the most spoken language in the world today. In addition to China, Singapore and Malaysia are also countries where Chinese is widely spoken. In Hong Kong, Macao and Singapore, Chinese is the official language, while in Taiwan is a non-statutory administrative language, as stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Language of the People's Republic of China in Chinese mainland

State organs use Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as official language. Many countries have begun to include Chinese as a second language in their curriculum.

Chinese includes Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, Xiang, Min, Hakka (Hakka), Gan, Jin, Pinghua, Huai, and Dungan.

The official dialect here contains a bunch of sub-dialects, including the Southwest Mandarin, Jiaoliao Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin, Northeast Mandarin, etc. Mandarin is based on the official dialect of Beijing. In addition to these sub-dialects, Jin, Huai, and Dungan languages were all born from the official dialect system.

Jin language, originally the official dialect of Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, was later separated from the official dialect system and belonged to the dialect of the Chinese family system. Huai language, formerly known as Jianghuai official dialect, is the official dialect of the Jianghuai area, and there was a theory of detachment in the academic back then.

Dungan is the most special, it is a Chinese dialect formed outside China, and it is also the only Chinese dialect in the Chinese family that uses Slavic scripts. Dungan is the language of the Dungan people, who live where Russia meets the Middle East. Its language is intelligible with Shaanxi Mandarin and can be communicated directly.

As a Chinese dialect born from Shaanxi official dialect, Dungan has absorbed elements of many languages such as Russian and Turkic to form a unique dialect within the Chinese family.

Cantonese is spoken in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong, western Guangdong, eastern Guangxi, the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, as well as the old Chinese communities in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada and their colonies. Cantonese and Mandarin belong to the Qin branch of the Chinese family. It is completely cognate with the official dialect.

The above Pinghua is derived from Cantonese, which belongs to the Qin language branch along with Mandarin and Cantonese.

Wu and Min languages have been handed down from ancient times, and Wu languages are popular in today's Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, and northern Zhejiang. Min languages include southern Zhejiang, most of Fujian, the whole province of Taiwan, eastern Guangdong, Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island. The Min language is subdivided into Hokkien dialect, Hokkien dialect and Hokkien dialect.

Min is a living fossil of ancient Chinese, which is valuable for the study of Chinese in the Wei, Jin and previous dynasties.

Hunan is the dialect of today's Hunan region, which is divided into new Hunan and old Hunan languages. The new Hunan language is relatively close to Mandarin. Lao Hunan is a traditional dialect of Hunan, which is relatively rarely spoken.

In fact, in addition to these kinds, there is also Bai language, that is, the Bai language, it is known that the Bai language is very similar to many dialects of Chinese, so the Chinese family is also called the Han Bai language family.

Chinese (Chinese) is the written language of China. It refers specifically to the spoken and written languages of the Han people, i.e., Chinese and Chinese characters[1]. In the Chinese character cultural circle and overseas Chinese community, Chinese is also known as Chinese and Hanwen.

Chinese (Chinese) is divided into standard language and dialect, and its standard language is Mandarin Chinese, which is the common language of the Han nationality after standardization[1] and is also the national common language of China. Modern Chinese dialects can generally be divided into: Mandarin dialect, Wu dialect, Hunan dialect, Hakka dialect, Min dialect, Cantonese dialect, Jiangxi dialect, etc.

2] [3] Chinese characters are the writing system of Chinese, and the earliest existing recognizable Chinese characters are the oracle bone script of Yin Shang and later the Jin script, which evolved into the Zhou script in the Western Zhou Dynasty, developed the small seal and Qin subordinate in the Qin Dynasty, and became popular in the Han and Wei dynasties, and in the late Han dynasty, the subordinate script became the correct letter, and the kaishu prevailed in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Modern Chinese characters refer to the regular block characters after Kai, including Chinese Traditional and Chinese Simplified. [4][1][5]

On 1 January 2001, China came into force the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written State Language, which established the legal status of Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the common spoken and written language of China. [6] The number of speakers of Chinese (Chinese characters) is more than 1.7 billion, covering the whole territory of China (mainland, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan) and East Asia, Southeast Asia and other Chinese character cultural circles. [7][8] From July 1, 2021, as the language and writing norms of the State Language Commission, the "International Chinese Education Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards" will be officially implemented.

Chinese is also one of the six working languages of the United Nations.

By the end of 2020, more than 180 countries and regions around the world had carried out Chinese education, more than 70 countries had incorporated Chinese into their national education systems, and more than 20 million foreign countries were learning Chinese, with a cumulative number of nearly 200 million people learning and using Chinese. [27]

Since January 25, 2021, Chinese has officially become the official language of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). [24]

Chinese name. Chinese.

Foreign name. chinese

Alias. Chinese, Chinese, Chinese.

Number of users. More than 1.7 billion.

In simplified Chinese characters.

Chinese mainland, Singapore, Malaysia.

Chinese refers to all languages that are written in Chinese characters. In other words, if you can speak it in kanji, you must be able to write it. Some people say that Japanese is also like this, so wrong, there are a lot of hiragana and katakana in the middle of the Japanese language, so he is not Chinese.

Whether it is Cantonese or Hokkien, including Hakka, it can be spoken and expressed in Chinese characters. For example, common Cantonese songs and Hokkien songs have Chinese lyrics, and of course, the lyrics are displayed in the form of dialects.

It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, and is related to Tibetan, Zhuang, Dai, Kam, Li, Yi, Miao, Yao, etc. in China, and Thai and Burmese outside China.

Chinese dialects. It is usually divided into ten major dialects: Guanhua dialect, Jin dialect, Wu dialect, Min dialect, Hakka dialect, Cantonese dialect, Hunan dialect, Jiangxi dialect, Hui dialect, and Pinghua dialect.

Mandarin Chinese, dialects of various regions, including traditional Chinese characters, languages, dialects and ,... of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan

In the dialects of many provinces, Mandarin was changed from the Beijing dialect.

Originally, it referred to the Han language, but now it is broadly defined to refer to all the languages of China.

1. The northern dialect is customarily called "official dialect". There are Northeast Mandarin, Northwest Mandarin, Jin Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin and so on. Represented by Beijing dialect, it includes the north of the Yangtze River, the areas along the Yangtze River above and below the Jiujiang River, the northwest of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan provinces, and the northern part of Guangxi, with more than 70 of the total number of Han speakers.

Toutoutiaolai. 2. Wu dialect Wu dialect is known as "Wu Nong's whisper", represented by Shanghai dialect (one is represented by Suzhou dialect). It includes most of Zhejiang Province south of the Yangtze River and east of Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province (Zhenjiang is not included). The user population accounts for about the total number of Han people. Lai Yan headlines.

3. Hunan dialect.

Represented by Changsha dialect, it is distributed in most areas of Hunan Province, and the population of Han nationality accounts for about 5 of the total number of Han people. The He people who live in this dialect area speak the Hunan dialect. Headlines Lai Yan.

Fourth, the Gan dialect.

Represented by Nanchang dialect, it is mainly distributed in Jiangxi Province (except for the eastern riverside zone and the south) and the southeast of Hubei Province, and the population accounts for about the total number of Han people. Fifth, the Hakka dialect Laiyan headlines.

Represented by the Meixian dialect of Guangdong, it is mainly distributed in the eastern, southern and northern parts of Guangdong Province, the southeastern part of Guangxi, the western part of Fujian Province, the southern part of Jiangxi Province, and a few areas of Hunan and Sichuan, and the population of the speakers accounts for about 4 of the total number of Han people. Lai Yan headlines.

6. Northern Fujian dialect.

Represented by Fuzhou dialect, distributed in the northern part of Fujian Province and part of Taiwan Province, some overseas Chinese in Nanyang also speak the northern Fujian dialect. The user population accounts for about the total number of Han people. Strip Lai Piercing Head.

7. Southern Fujian dialect.

Represented by Xiamen dialect, it is distributed in the southern part of Fujian Province, the eastern part of Guangdong Province and part of Hainan Province, as well as most of Taiwan Province. There are also many overseas Chinese in Nanyang who speak the southern Fujian dialect, and the population of the speaker accounts for about 3 of the total number of Han people. 8. Cantonese dialect Lai Yan headlines.

Represented by Cantonese dialect, it is distributed in most parts of Guangdong Province and southeastern Guangxi. Most of the compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao, as well as overseas Chinese from Nanyang and some other countries, speak the Cantonese dialect, and the population accounts for about 5 percent of the total number of Han people.

Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Sino-Tibetan language family is a related language group represented by Chinese and Tibetan, because China is the country with the largest number of speakers of this language family, and most of the ethnic groups in southern China are Sino-Tibetan language groups, so this language family is centered on China and radiates slightly to the southwest.

China is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, and multi-script country, with 56 ethnic groups, more than 80 languages, and about 30 scripts. Every nation has at least one or two universal lingua franca.

Chinese also includes Beijing Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin, Cantonese (also divided into several kinds), Hakka, Chaoshan, Min (Mindong, Minnan, etc.), Wu (Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc.), Northern Jiangsu, Northeast Chinese, Hunan, Jiangxi and so on.

Some ethnic groups, such as Tibetans and Dais, have many dialects.

Chinese Chinese refers to the languages spoken by all ethnic groups within the People's Republic of China. China is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, and multi-lingual country, with 56 ethnic groups, more than 80 languages, and 30 scripts. The Han Chinese have their own language and script.

Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, which is the lingua franca of China today and one of the lingua franca languages in the world.

There are many kinds, and the Chinese Tibetan Xinjiang Uyghur language ......

What are the languages spoken in China? There are more than fifty ethnic groups in our country, and about eighty languages are spoken"Left and right"It is because some languages or dialects are difficult to define, and some languages may not be discovered yet. The territory of our country is very rich in languages, which is rare in the world.

According to statistics, there are more than 80 languages in use in China, and countless ancient languages have died out. There are 55 ethnic minorities in China.

The Hui and Manchus generally use Chinese, and other ethnic minorities have their own national languages, and some have more than two, such as the Yugur people use the eastern Yugur language and the western Yugur language, and the Yao people use Mian, Bunu and Lajia languages respectively. Some people use more than two languages of the same ethnic group, such as Miao and Yao. Some two ethnic groups speak the same language, such as the Han and the Hui.

Chinese language majors can be engaged in language teaching in primary and secondary schools and educational institutions, as well as in first-class enterprises and institutions, as well as copywriting and copywriting in various enterprises and institutions.

Chinese language focuses on both Chinese and Chinese as a foreign language, mainly studies the basic theories and knowledge of Chinese language, linguistics, Chinese literature, etc., and receives skills training in social investigation, word processing, and language teaching. Compared with Chinese language and literature, Chinese language focuses on language research, and Chinese language and literature focuses on the cultivation and connotation of literature studied by Shi Paijing.

The main studies of Chinese language include "Introduction to Linguistics", "Modern Chinese", "Ancient Chinese", "Introduction to Literature", "History of Chinese Literature", "History of Chinese and Chinese Languages", "Computational Linguistics", "History of Chinese Language", "Phonology and Phonology", "Survey of Chinese Dialects", etc. Some colleges and universities train students in the following professional directions: applied linguistics.

The universities include Peking University, Fudan University, Wuhan University, Sun Yat-sen University, Beijing Normal University, Chinese Renmin University, Xiamen University, Lanzhou University, Central China Normal University, Shanghai University, Jinan University, Nanjing Normal University, Northeast Normal University, South China Normal University, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo University, Communication University of China, Yunnan University, Shandong Normal University, Hebei University, etc.

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