How to make your own AC motor? 20

Compared with DC motors, AC motors have simple structure, easy to manufacture, and relatively firm, and are easy to make motors with high speed, high voltage, high current and large capacity because there is no commutator (see commutator for DC motors). The power of AC motors covers a wide range, from a few watts to hundreds of thousands of kilowatts, or even millions of kilowatts. In the early 80s of the 20th century, the largest steam turbine generator had reached 1.5 million kilowatts.

Chinese name. AC motors.

Foreign name. alternating current dynamo

Meaning. A machine in which mechanical energy and alternating current energy are converted into each other.

Inventor. Nikola tesla.

Correlation. DC motors.

Fast. Navigation.

Classification of spindles: introduction to the principle of power supply inverter motor, fault analysis, maintenance and common problems.

Inventor. The AC motor was invented by the Serbian-American scientist Nikola Tesla.

Classify. According to statistics, the classification of AC motors can be in the following two ways:

By function. AC motors are usually divided into alternators, AC motors, and synchronous condensers according to their functions. Due to the reversibility of the working state of the motor, the same motor can be used as both a generator and a motor.

It is not very clear to divide motors into generators and motors, but some motors are mainly used as generators, and some motors are mainly used as motors.

By variety. AC motors are divided into two categories: synchronous motors and asynchronous motors. The rotational speed ns of the rotor of a synchronous motor is the same as the rotational speed of the rotating magnetic field, which is called synchronous rotational speed.

There is a strict relationship between NS and the frequency (f) of the connected alternating current and the number of pole pairs (p) of the motor.

ns=60f/p

In China, the power supply frequency is 50 Hz, so the synchronous speed of one pair of pole motors in a three-phase AC motor is 3000 rpm, and the synchronous speed of two pair-pole motors in a three-phase AC motor is 1500 rpm, and so on. The rotor of an asynchronous motor always rotates at a speed lower or higher than the speed of its rotating magnetic field, hence the name asynchronous. The difference between the rotor speed of an asynchronous motor and the speed of the rotating magnetic field (called slip) is usually within 10%.

The generator rotor is composed of a shaft, an iron core, a dowel-pole claw pole, a collector ring, an excitation winding, a bearing, etc. The stator consists of an iron core and a three-phase winding.

This is more difficult, and you have to have specialized tools and materials.

The method of making homemade generators 220v is as follows:Method steps.

1. First of all, we need to prepare the required materials.

2. Wrap the highlighter with enameled wire for about 15 turns. Be careful not to wrap around the ends of the thread, leaving both ends of the thread. Then wrap the ends of the wire around the coil to fix the shape, as shown in the figure below.

3. Then use a utility knife to remove part of the insulation layer at both ends of the line, as shown in the figure below. Note that the insulation at one end can be removed by a full turn, but only half of the insulation at the other end can be removed. In other words, when the coil is spinning, it is not energized half the time.

4. In this step, place the coil on the two needles with larger pinholes. If there is no such needle, it can also be replaced with a wire or paper clip as a wire holder.

5. Place the battery flat on the table and fix it with plasticine, as shown in the figure below.

6. Fix the wire bracket and magnet.

1. Prepare materials: a small toy motor, a pulley with a diameter equal to 20 cm, a round pencil head, latex, a rubber band, a small light bulb, and a wooden board.

2. Fix the small motor on the wooden board.

3. Take one end of the 6 mm long pencil barrel, remove the lead core, and use the triangle steel to frustrate into a belt pulley to make a small pulley.

4. Glue the small pulley to the small motor shaft with latex.

5. Use two layers of plywood to make a large pulley with a diameter of 20 cm.

6. Put the big pulley on the wooden board and install the crank handle.

7. Put the rubber band on the small pulley and the large pulley.

8. Connect the small bulb to the two terminal points of the small motor.

9. Quickly shake the big pulley crank to make the small motor generate electricity and light up the small bulb.

Note: 1. Choose a motor with strong magnetic force at the magnetic pole. By twisting the small motor shaft with your fingers, you can feel the magnetic force of the magnetic poles.

2. The faster the shaking handle, the stronger the electricity emitted, and the brighter the small bulb, the better the effect.

Here's how:

1. Disassemble the motor on the toy, pay attention not to break the two wires, and then make the transmission mechanism fixing bracket as needed, measure the size and punch holes. make a rocker arm at the end of the transmission mechanism;

2. Remove the head of the flashlight, keep the light on, and then fix the motor and transmission mechanism on the bracket made, and connect the red and black wires of the flashlight head to the red and black lines of the motor.

Proper use and maintenance of the generator set can extend the service life of the generator set:

1. The operators of the computer room should abide by the safety operation procedures, wear work clothes and insulated shoes, and the crew should have a clear division of labor;

2. Check whether the flywheel and generator part of the anti-railing cover are in good condition;

3. Check the gearbox, clutch, governor, oil level, fasteners, etc., confirm that they are in good condition, and the oil and water temperature is not lower than 20 degrees before starting;

4. Set the pipeline gate of each system in the "working" position;

5. Check the link bolts of the transmission mechanism and tighten them well;

6. Whether the pressure of the clutch handle is normal and whether the overspeed safety device is positioned.

Left-hand rule: In electromagnetism, the left hand is placed in the magnetic field, so that the magnetic inductance line penetrates perpendicularly into the palm, the palm of the hand faces the n pole (fork in and out), and the four fingers point to the direction of the current, then the direction of the thumb is the direction of the conductor force.

A simple description of the principle: the energized wire is continuously pushed by ampere force in the magnetic field provided by the magnet to produce rotational motion.

Change the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the battery, and the wire will be reversed.

See illustration: <>

The reason why you have to scrape off half of the paint is because you want to make the coil rotate continuously, if you scrape it all off, the coil can only turn half a circle and stop, and the direction of the current is the positive end of the battery to the coil and then to the negative electrode (the protruding end on the diagram is the positive end of the battery). To know the direction of the current in the coil, then you need to know what the winding direction of the coil is, adding the magnet can increase the magnetic force, so that the coil is more stressed and rotates more powerfully. If a magnet is used on the motor, the weight of both sides will be unbalanced.

An electric motor is made up of many components such as a housing, rotor, core, and coil, and it looks complicated. In fact, as long as there is a magnetic field and an energized conductor, the electric motor can also be very simple.

Prepare materials: a battery, a wire, a screw, a small round magnetic sheet (the small magnetic sheet can be removed from the magnetic buckle on the wallet, mobile phone bag or gift box).

Experimental procedure:1Attach the small magnetic sheet to the cap of the screw.

2.Suck the tip of the screw on the positive pole of the battery.

3.Attach one end of the wire to the negative terminal of the battery, and touch the edge of the small magnetic sheet with the other end.

4.The screws and small magnetic sheets spun up.

A motive is a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Energizing the motor with a battery or power source causes the shaft to start rotating. Some motors are powered by a DC power source (such as a battery), while others are powered by an AC power source.

While there are several ways to design electric motors, the principle is the same.

There are two physical principles that form the basis for the operation of an electric motor. The first principle is the law of electromagnetic induction, which was discovered in 1831 by the British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday. Its content is:

If a conductor passes through a magnetic field, or if the strength of the magnetic field passing through a stationary conductive closed loop is changed, an induced current will be generated within the conductor. The second principle, in contrast to this, refers to the reaction of electromagnetism, which was observed by the French physicist Ander Maria Ampère in 1820.

So, if a live conductor (like a piece of copper wire) is placed in a magnetic field, it will be subjected to a force. When a conductor is wound around a number of turns, each in proper place and with an electric current passing through the conductor, the resulting force causes the coil to rotate. When the coil rotates, the shaft of the motor also rotates.

The individual parts of the electric motor.

The motor consists of two basic units: one is the field, which is the electromagnet wound around the coil; The other is the armature, which is the mechanism that supports the conductor that cuts the magnetic field and delivers the excitation current inside the motor.

On-site visits. In order to familiarize ourselves with the individual components of the electric motor, we visited the workshop of the Faculty of Engineering of Matareyya-Helwan University. We saw a lot of electric motors of all sizes and saw how they worked. Obviously, when electrical energy is fed to them, they generate kinetic energy (motion) to drive any machine.

We also see generators, which are the opposite of electric motors and are converting kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Components of an electric motor.

A wooden box. An electric key to toggle the switching state.

An iron core sheet that is insulated between faces.

An armature. A small fan used to test the electric motor.

Wires and plugs.

Attach the motor to the wooden box as shown in the photo taken at the end of the debriefing performance.

Test the electric motor.

Connect the plug to an AC power source.

Toggle the switch to ON.

The passing current turns the core into an electromagnet.

The armature began to spin with a small fan.

Toggle the current to OFF to stop the motor.

What kind of motor are you going to make? First of all, we must understand that making motors by hand is not worth the loss! Even the simplest DC motor is quite a task!

The stator magnet is very easy to do! Ring magnets and pole magnets are easy to find! But the rotor core is made of a lot of thin silicon steel sheets and then stacked!

After pressing into the shaft, you also need to find the center of gravity! Then dip the paint and go off the line. The most difficult part is the production of the commutator!

Commutator) You might as well dissect a small DC motor and study it first!

Materials required: two magnets, 2m of enameled copper wire, and one piece of 9v battery assembly: according to the size of the magnet, the enameled copper wire is wound into a turn, leaving two ends as binding posts, and the copper wire is placed in the middle of the two magnets and ensuring that the magnets attract each other

The last question of the physics book after class.

The steps are as follows:

1. Wrap the enameled wire into a rectangular coil, which can be wrapped around the eraser, and it is rectangular after winding, about 8 to 10 turns. After winding, wrap it out from the short side of the rectangular coil, leaving 3.4 cm on each side. Use a knife to scrape off all the paint on one side and the paint off the other side.

2. Roll the two copper wires into a small circle.

3. Put the round magnet on the sponge, put the battery on the magnet, and keep the diameter of the battery and the magnet the same size. Put the battery on the magnet**, and if you can't stop at **, turn it slowly a few times.

4. Insert the copper wire on both sides of the magnet with adhesive tape, fix the two sides, you can bend the copper wire slightly to the middle, be sure to let the two ends of the battery contact the copper wire, or fix it with tape.

5. Put both sides of the coil in a small circle on the copper wire, and turn the coil by hand and it will keep turning.

To make a simple model of an electric motor, the materials you need include: sandpaper, pliers, paper clips, wires, batteries, tape, a simple pencil, and magnets.

1. Wrap the painted wire around the battery to form a coil, about ten turns is enough;

2. Remove the coil from the battery after winding, and hang up the paint on both sides of the wire with sandpaper;

3. Put a paper clip on the pencil, and wrap the middle of it into a shaft bracket that can support the rotation of the rotor, and two such brackets are needed;

4. Glue the shaft brackets made of paper clips to both ends of the battery with tape, and then install the lead coils and magnets wound with enameled wire in front of them;

5. The simple self-made motor motor model is complete, and you can start to see the effect of the coil rotating rapidly in the physical effect of electromagnetic induction.

An iron nail, a battery, a wire, a button magnet (neodymium magnets on headphones are recommended), as long as you use these things, you can make the world's simplest electric motor in 30 seconds.

First, connect the nail to the magnet, and suck it on one pole of the battery, both positive and negative, but the final rotation method is reversed. Then you need to connect the battery with a wire to the magnet at the end of the nail, that is, slowly touch the magnet with the wire a few times, and the nail will start to accelerate its rotation. It is measured that it only takes 15 seconds to accelerate an iron nail to 10,000 revolutions per minute!

It needs to be placed vertically, it is recommended that the magnet be larger, and the friction between the contact point between the nail and the battery can be minimized after the weight cancels the magnetic force).

As for the principle, it is a derivative effect of the electromagnetic induction of Faraday (not the Ferradian force), the Lorentz force (or ampere force).

How to make a simple DC motor? A battery with copper wire can do it.

Materials: nails, magnets, batteries, wires.

In the first step, attach the magnet to the nail cap.

In the second step, the tip of the nail is sucked on the positive terminal of the No. 5 battery.

The third step is to connect the negative terminal of the battery to the magnet with a wire.

Note: The motor has a large current and fast electrode consumption, so pay attention to prevent electric shock.