Urgent junior chemical ion pairing

Two ions with opposite charges are combined into a pair of ions by Coulomb gravitation. In solution, an ion pair behaves as a whole in terms of conductivity, kinetics, permeability, etc. The ion pairs formed by direct contact of ions are called compact ion pairs, with the symbol x+y-.

An ion pair that represents a separation of one or several solvent molecules or other neutral molecules between ions is called a loose ion pair, which is denoted by the symbol x+ y-. In solution, ion exchange is susceptible to between loose ion pairs or between them and free ions (which can be determined by isotope labeling). The greater the concentration of the solution, the higher the charge number of the ions, and the smaller the relative permittivity of the solvent, the more common the ion pair formation.

According to the ion interaction theory, in a strong electrolyte solution, especially when the concentration is not low, the positive and negative ions will partially associate into ion pairs and move as independent units, so that the concentration of free ions in the solution decreases, so the apparent dissociation degree of the strong electrolyte is not 100.

In chemistry, the ions generally refer to the dissolution of compounds in water and the analysis into positive and negative ions, or there will be positive and negative ions in the molten state of the compound, and the ion pairs are mainly ion pairing to form new compounds. Paired ions (usually positive and negative) are the pairs of ions that correspond to each other.

Take a good look at the chemistry textbook for junior high school, the definition in the book is more rigorous, in addition, you just know this definition, it is not meaningful, but also understand what kind of ions and what kind of ions can be combined to form what kind of new compounds, which is the most important thing. Wish: Good luck.

Ion pairing refers to ions that are grouped together in pairs to form precipitate, gas, or water.

The following are common ion pairs in junior high school:

h+: oh-、co32-、hco3- oh-: h+、fe3+、cu2+、mg2+、al3+、nh4+

so42- :ba2+ cl-: ag+

co32-: h+、 ca2+、 ba2+

It seems that substances containing the same ion pair cannot react.

Ammonium ion NH4+, hydrogen ion H+, potassium ion K+, sodium ion Na+, silver ion AG+ copper ion Cu2+, calcium ion CA2+, barium ion BA2+ magnesium ion MG2+

Zinc ion Zn2+

Hg2+

Alium-ion Al3+

Chloride Ion Cl-, Nitrate NO3-, Carbonate HCO3-, Oxygen Ion O2-, Sulfur Ion S2-, Sulfate S O4*2-, Carbonate CO3*2-, Sulfite.

SiO3*2-, Silicate SiO4*2-

Ammonium Sakura ion NH4+, hydrogen ion H+, potassium ion K+, sodium pi reed ion Na+, silver ion Ag+

Copper ion Cu2+, calcium ion Ca2+, barium ion Ba2+ magnesium ion Mg2+

Zinc ion Zn2+

Hg2+

Alium-ion Al3+

Chloride Ion Cl-, Nitrate No3-, Carbonate HCO3-, Oxygen-ion Socks Palm Plexus O2-, Sulfur Ion S2-, Sulfate S O4*2-, Carbonate CO3*2-, Sulfite S O3*2-, Silicate SiO4*2-

Ionic Symbol:

Potassium K+ Calcium Ca2+ Na+ Magnesium Mg2+ Aluminum Al3+

Zinc Ion Zn2+ Iron Ion Fe3+ Ferrous Ion Fe2+ Hydrogen Ion H+ Copper Ion Cu2+

Hg2+ Ag + Barium Ba2+ O2 O2- Cl-

Sulfur ions: S2- hydroxide, OH- chlorate, CLO3- nitrate, NO3- carbonate, CO32-

Ammonium NH4+

Chemical formula; HCl hydrochloride H2SO4 sulfate

Question Supplement: Chemical Formula Supplement;

Carbonate H2CO3 Nitrate HNO3 Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Barium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2

Copper hydroxide Cu(OH)2 calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Aluminum hydroxide AL(OH)3

Iron hydroxide Fe(OH)3 ferrous hydroxide Fe(OH)2 Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2

Sodium chloride, NaCl, aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4), ferrous nitrate, Fe(NO3)2

Nitrate NO3- Barium chloride BACL2 Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Potassium carbonate K2CO3

Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, mercury nitrate, HG(NO3)2, potassium sulfate, K2SO4

Magnesium nitrate mg(no3)2 alumina al2o3 potassium permanganate kmno4 calcium carbonate caCO3

Silver chloride, AGCL, barium sulfate, baso4, barium carbonate, baCO3

It's very simple, generally you only need to know the valency of the ions, the color of some ions, and some ions that do not coexist.

The valency of ions, the special point is iron ions and ferrous ions, generally ferrous ions appear more, and are common in displacement reactions. In metathesis reactions, the ionic valency of the product is the same as that of the reactant.

The color of the ions, the copper ions are blue, the iron ions are generally yellow, and the ferrous ions are light green. These three are the main ones.

Ions that do not coexist can be precipitated as long as they are mastered, such as silver chloride, copper hydroxide, and so on.

Solution: (1) Na

m=11 This particle is ranked 11th in the periodic table of chemical elements, i.e., Na(2)S-

The number of electrons after n=8 after getting two electrons is: 2+8+8=18 with two units of negative charge.

The number of electrons after getting two electrons is 18

The position in the periodic table of chemical elements is: 18-2=16, i.e. the s ion of this particle has the symbol of s-

3) Anions.

m-n<10

Lost electrons.

The particle is an anion.

I'm not good at drawing here, so you can draw it yourself.

1) The schematic diagram of the structure of the particle (atom or ion) is m=11, and the value of n can be known as the element symbol;

2) From the known conditions, the particle has two units of negative charge, and n=8, the value of m can be known, then the particle symbol can be known;

3) If m-n 10, it means that the electron is obtained, so the ion type can be known

Solution: (1) From the schematic diagram of the structure of particles (atoms or ions) and m=11, it can be seen that the value of n is 1, then the element symbol is na;

2) From the known conditions, the particle has two units of negative charge, and n=8, then the atom has 2 electrons, and the value of m is (2+8+8)-2=16, and if it is a sulfur element, then the particle symbol is s2-;

3) If m-n 10, it means that the electron is obtained, so it can be known that the ion type is anion (you can cite specific numbers for verification).

Therefore, the answer is: (1) Na; （2）s2-；(3) Anion review: understand the mutual conversion of atoms and ions; Master the difference and characteristics between the schematic diagram of atomic structure and the schematic diagram of ionic structure; Mastering the symbols of the elements and their meanings I've done it, and I hope to adopt it!

The number of protons is equal to the atomic number.

1) m=11 means that the atomic number 11 is na(2)n=8 and is negatively charged, indicating that two electrons are obtained. Before the electron is obtained, the proton number is 16, so the atomic number is s

3) If it is an atom, m=2+8+n

But m-n<10 so not atomic.

m addendum: Since the title already says that there is a negative charge with two units, the third layer of electrons should include the number of electrons obtained.

1.The number of protons is equal to the atomic number, and the element with atomic number 11 is na

With 2 units of negative charge, it means that 2 electrons are obtained, and the original total number of electrons is 2 + 8 + 6 = 16, so the number of protons is also 16, which is sBecause it is charged, and n=8, it does not mean that 2 charges are added on the basis of n=8, this is a juxtaposition relationship, don't get it wrong.

3.The neutral atom is m=10+n, and now m-n<10 means m<10+n, which means that there are more electrons than protons, so it is an anion.

1, m=11, the element is na, and this m is the number of protons.

2, n=8, means that it is an anion with a stable structure of 288, with 2 negative charges, then the original atom is minus 2 electrons, and the atomic structure is 286, indicating that the element is s

3, m-n<10, the inequality moves n to the right, which is m< n+10, it means that the number of protons is less than the number of electrons, which is an anion.

1. According to the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, m=11, the electron arrangement is , 2+8+1=11, that is, element 11, then the element corresponds to na

2. The proton has a positive charge, the electron reality has a negative charge, and the present electronic arrangement of the particle is, according to the order of the electron arrangement: the first layer 2, the second time, the third layer, the third layer, the fourth time, 18, with two units of negative charge, the original arrangement, 2 + 8 + 6 = 16, that is, element 16, then the symbol of the particle with two units of negative charge is:

s -3, the normal atom should be conserved charge, m = n + 10, now m - n < 10, that is, m does not understand can continue to ask.

When the number of protons is determined, the element is determined, and it has a relationship with the outer layer of electronic wood.

There are a total of 18 electrons in the outer shell, 2 of which are obtained later (two units of negative charge), so it originally had 16 electrons, that is, element 16.

3.Anions m-n 10 is m<2+8+n, the number of protons is less than the number of electrons, isn't it anion.

Solution: (1) Na

m=11 This particle ranks 11th in the periodic table of chemical elements, i.e., Na(2)S2-

With two units of negative charge.

Get two electrons.

The number of electrons after n=8 to get two electrons is: 2+8+8=18 The position in the periodic table of chemical elements is: 18-2=16, i.e., the s-ion s2-

3) Anions.

m-n<10

Lost electrons.

The particle is an anion.

First question. According to the periodic table, the symbol is na

The second question is that n is 8 and has two negative charges, so it turns out that n is 6, and 2 8 6 are added to give 16, which is the element s, then the answer is s2-

The third question, m< n+10 means that m is less than n+2+8, and the answer is anion, < p>

Sodium m=11 The proton number of the periodic table is 11 is sodium Sulfur Because this ion has two units of negative charge, so the number of protons = 2 + 8 + 8-2 = 16 is sulfur Anion m-n 10 i.e. m 10 + n Since the first layer plus the second layer is 10 so it is The number of protons is less than 10 + n i.e. the number of protons is less than the number of electrons outside the nucleus so it is an anion.

A solution contains only four ions, and can make purple litmus blue, then A must have OH-, according to the coexistence of ions, then copper ions, magnesium ions only exist in B, in addition, according to the principle of electric neutrality, B solution must have anions, only sulfate ions or nitrate ions, and sulfate ions and barium ions can not coexist, then barium ions exist in A, sulfate ions in B.

Then the ions contained in solution B are Cu2+, Mg2+, So42-

You don't have a clear grasp of the rules of electron configuration outside the nucleus.

Each electron layer can accommodate up to: the number of layers is 2*2, that is, 2 layers 1, 8 layers 2, 18 layers 3, and 32 layers 4. No more than 8 in the outermost layer, no more than 18 in the sub-outer layer, and no more than 32 in the penultimate layer.

Iron is a transition element, and the electron configuration outside the nucleus does not conform to this law, which is +26 2 8 14 2 2 in the outermost shell and 14 in the subouter shell.

Krypton proton number 36 +36 2 8 18 8

Each electron shell outside the nucleus can hold up to 2n2 electrons (n is the number of electron shells).

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom cannot exceed 8 (k is the outermost shell and cannot exceed 2 electrons).

The number of electrons in the subouter shell cannot exceed 18 (no more than 2 when the K layer is a subouter shell), and the number of electrons in the penultimate shell cannot exceed 32.

If you look at the pattern above, you can see that it's your electron configuration that is wrong that leads to the confusion.

Your atomic structure drawing is simply not right.

I couldn't tell for a while.

Ask your teacher.

No, according to the number of electrons, when you look at the electron configuration, you know that it is most stable when the outermost electronic formula is half full or fully full

No, it is the outermost shell with a maximum of 8 electrons. I will learn in the first year of high school, but I will not be able to take the test in junior high school.

Ions, to put it bluntly, are abnormal atoms or clusters of atoms.

When an atom or cluster of atoms gets one or a few electrons, the number of electrons outside the nucleus is more than the number of nuclear charges, thus taking on a negative charge, which is called an anion.

When an atom or cluster of atoms loses one or several electrons, the number of electrons outside the nucleus is less than the number of nuclear charges, thus becoming positively charged, known as cations.

Complex ions are complex ions, such as hydrated ions, formed by certain molecules, atoms, or cations with electrically neutral molecules or anions through coordination bonds. The complex ion itself can be either cationic or anionic. ）

The process of electron transfer between the atoms of a compound to form ions is called ionization, and the energy required or emitted by the ionization process is called ionization energy. The greater the ionization energy, the harder it is for the atom to lose electrons.

Ionic compounds, that is, compounds composed of ionic bonds between anions and cations, such as acids, alkalis, and salts that are soluble in water, when dissolved and ionized in water, under constant conditions, the proportion in the ionic state and the proportion in the molecular state reach a dynamic equilibrium, which is called ionic equilibrium.