What is Paradox? What does paradox mean?

Paradox: A self-contradictory proposition: if it is considered true, it is false; If it's considered fake, it's true.

For example, "What I am telling now is a lie. "If it is believed to be true, then it is a lie, a lie; If it is considered false, then it is not a lie, it is true.

Paradox has long been considered a kind of boring sophistry, and it was only later that the paradox was discovered in rigorous mathematical theory, and the paradox was scientifically studied and beneficial results were obtained.

In logic and mathematics, "contradictory proposition" refers to a proposition that causes a contradiction.

The definition of paradox can be expressed as follows: a proposition that is recognized as true is premised, set to b, and after correct logical reasoning, a conclusion that contradicts the premise is not b; Conversely, if non-b is the premise, B can also be deduced. Then proposition b is a paradox.

Of course, non-B is also a paradox.

There are three main forms of paradox.

1 A judgment that may seem to be absolutely wrong is actually true (paradox).

2 A statement that seems to be certainly true is actually wrong (a plausible theory).

3 A series of reasoning that may seem infallible leads to logical contradictions.

Classic case: 1 4 The barber's paradox.

In the village of Savile, the barber hung up a sign: "I only give haircuts to all those in the village who don't give themselves a haircut." Someone asked him, "Do you give yourself a haircut?" The barber was speechless.

This is a paradoxical reasoning: if the barber does not give himself a haircut, he belongs to the category of people on the signboard. There is a word that he should give himself a haircut.

On the other hand, if the barber gives himself a haircut, according to the signboard, he only gives a haircut to people in the village who don't give him a haircut, and he can't give himself a haircut.

Therefore, no matter what this barber is, the inherent contradiction cannot be ruled out. This paradox was proposed by Russell in 192, so it is also called the "Russell paradox." This is a popular, storyline formulation of the paradox of set theory.

Obviously, there is also a problem of "self-referentiality" that cannot be ruled out here.

Categories: Education Academic Exams >> Study Help.

Problem description: As indicated. Analysis:

The first thing to know is that paradox is a term of logic.

Its definition can be expressed as follows: a proposition that is recognized as true is premised, set to b, and after correct logical reasoning, a conclusion that contradicts the premise is not b; Conversely, if non-b is the premise, B can also be deduced. Then proposition b is a paradox.

Of course, non-B is also a paradox.

Paradoxes, of course, contain a wealth of ideological content. This article is not intended to go into details. The easiest reason for misunderstanding paradoxes is that they want to make sense of the text.

When I see that there is a word "theory" in the noun paradox, I think that the form of paradox is a statement or theory; or that a paradox is a form of inference (i.e., a process of reasoning); Or take paradoxes as conclusions as the result of reasoning. Not really. As for the kind of self-righteous people who do not know anything about it, who do not know how to pretend to understand, and who misregard the fallacies of chaotic contradictions and contradictions as paradoxes in logic, then it is not a matter of misunderstanding.

As a paradox, it has the following characteristics:

A paradox is a proposition.

is a true proposition that is recognized as a premise;

Based on the premise of the above true propositions, correct logical reasoning is carried out;

The conclusion is a proposition that contradicts the premise (and should be admitted as a true proposition as a matter of course).

As mentioned above, who does not know that paradox is a logical term; Who does not know that a proposition that is a paradox must be a true proposition to be recognized.

A paradox is when there are two opposing conclusions implicit in the same proposition or reasoning, and both of them can be justified.

The abstract formula for the paradox is that if event A occurs, then it is deduced that it is not A, and if it does not occur in A, it is deduced that A.

Paradox is the confusion of different levels of thinking, meaning (content) and expression (form), subjective and objective, subject and object, fact and value implied in propositions or reasoning, the asymmetry between thinking content and thinking form, thinking subject and thinking object, thinking level and thinking object, and asymmetry of thinking structure and logical structure.

Refuting refers to establishing one's own imitation argument by exposing and refuting erroneous and reactionary arguments, and the role of refutation is to "break", that is, to distinguish right from wrong, refute erroneous viewpoints, and at the same time establish correct viewpoints.

Refutation is an argumentation method that proves the correctness of one's own point of view by refuting the enemy's argument and proving it to be wrong and absurd. Refutation can be divided into three types: refutation arguments, refutation arguments, and refutation arguments.

Argumentation, like argumentation, is a way of arguing and reasoning. In refuting arguments, it is necessary to distinguish between contradictions of different natures and adhere to the principle of convincing people with reason. In an article, arguments and arguments often complement each other.

In order to refute an argument, it is necessary to possess the materials in advance, conduct a thorough analysis of the erroneous remarks, find out the crux of the erroneous remarks, and concentrate on one point, so that we can hit the nail on the head and hit the nail on the head.

It is better to cut off one of his fingers than to hurt his ten fingers" Brother Quarrel, this is the essence of the rebuttal. Only when the wrong arguments are refuted can the correct arguments be established.

To refute the argument, it is also necessary to choose the right angle. Just like in a war, if the angle of attack is not well chosen, you will not be able to deal a fatal blow to the enemy.

The pronunciation of paradox: bèilùn Interpretation: Contradictory propositions in logic and mathematics.

1. The pronunciation of paradox: bèi 2. Interpretation of Chinese characters: 1

Chaos, conflict: Chaos. Zen inverse.

Different. Discuss. Parallel no.

2.Confusion, contradiction, fallacy: Fallacy.

Confuse. 3. Structure of Chinese characters: left and right structure.

Fourth, radical: 忄.

3. Paradoxical and absurd, unreasonable. 4. Obscure and confused; Faint. 5. Paradoxical see "paradox".

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