How do permanent magnets come about, and how are permanent magnets made

Permanent magnets are natural substances.

Permanent magnets, that is, permanent magnets, can be natural products, also known as natural magnets, or they can be artificially manufactured (the strongest magnet is a NdFeB magnet).It is a material with a wide hysteresis loop, high coercivity, high remanence, and can maintain constant magnetism once magnetized. It is also known as permanent magnet material and hard magnetic material.

In the application, the permanent magnet operates in the second quadrant demagnetization of the magnetic return after deep magnetic saturation and magnetization. The permanent magnet should have the highest possible coercivity HC, remanence BR and maximum magnetic energy product (BH) m to ensure maximum magnetic energy storage and stable magnetic properties.

Permanent magnets, also known as hard magnets.

I hope I can help you with your doubts.

Permanent Magnet:

An object that is able to maintain its magnetism for a long time in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Permanent magnets can be made of ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, etc.

Its atomic structure is peculiar, and the atom itself has a magnetic moment. Generally, the molecular arrangement of these minerals is chaotic, and the magnetic areas do not show magnetism when they affect each other, but under the guidance of external forces such as magnetic fields, the molecular arrangement direction tends to be the same, and magnetism is displayed, which is commonly known as magnets, iron, cobalt, nickel, which are the most commonly used magnetic materials. Soft magnetism is the addition of electric current, and when the current is removed, the soft iron will slowly lose its magnetism. Magnet is just a general term, which refers to the magnetic Tomoto, and the actual composition does not necessarily contain iron.

The purer metal state of iron itself does not have permanent magnetism, only close to the permanent magnet will induce magnetism, the general permanent magnet adds meta impurity elements such as carbon to stabilize the magnetism, but this will reduce the freedom of the electron and is not easy to conduct, so the bulb can not light up when the current passes, iron is a common magnetic element, but many other elements have stronger magnetism, like a strong magnet is a mixture of rubidium, iron, boron, Anti-magnetic force: It is a measure of the permanent magnet material to resist magnetic and non-magnetic interference and maintain its permanent magnetism.

The electric permanent magnet is to use the different characteristics of different permanent magnet materials to control and convert the distribution of its internal magnetic circuit through the electronic control system, so that the permanent magnet magnetic field is balanced inside the system, and is externally characterized as a degaussing and relaxing state (non-absorbing state), or released to the working magnetic pole surface of the electric permanent magnet, and externally characterized as a magnetized clamping state (i.e., a suction state), so it is also known as an electronically controlled permanent magnet.

The electric permanent magnet uses two kinds of permanent magnets as the magnetic source, and the internal structure is unique. The electric permanent magnets are all modular in design, which is more applicable and versatile.

1. Security.

No electrical energy is required in the work, and the magnet is adsorbed by permanent magnet suction to avoid the risk of loss of magnetism when the electromagnet system is suddenly powered off (power failure can be used to retain magnetism) or the connection cable is damaged (the electromagnet system cannot be solved). The maximum electric permanent magnet suction force is 16 kg cm, which does not decay with the extension of time, and has great safety. The electromagnet only has a limited magnet retention time after a power failure, and if there is important equipment under the sucked object, the power failure will easily cause an accident for a long time.

2. Energy saving, economy and environmental protection.

The electric permanent magnet system only uses electrical energy in the seconds of magnetization and demagnetization, saving more than 95% of the power consumption compared with the electromagnet. The control system is simple, the electric permanent magnet body and the control system are lightweight, which can reduce the load of lifting equipment and increase the lifting capacity, so it is economical. When the electromagnet is powered off and magnetically retained, it needs to be equipped with a battery, so the electric permanent magnet is more environmentally friendly and has the advantages that the rechargeable electric permanent magnet cannot match.

3. Practical and efficient.

Easy and fast to use, the electric permanent magnet system has no moving parts inside (permanent magnet lifters have moving parts), reliable and durable, no maintenance required, and strong practicability. The electronic control operation only has the charging and demagnetization buttons, which is easy to operate, and the time of magnetization and demagnetization is seconds, which improves the operation efficiency. Due to the large number of turns of the coil winding, the inductance is large, the electromagnet is charged and demagnetized for 3-5 seconds, and the large electromagnet adopts strong excitation and takes 5 10 seconds to make the current rise to a stable value and reach the maximum suction.

The main uses of electric permanent magnet chucks are: metal cutting processing, quick mold change (injection molding machine, ceramic dry press), magnetic lifting.

Metal cutting.

Metal cutting processing includes turning, milling, grinding, planing, drilling, etc., which is suitable for both ordinary machine tool applications and machining center applications, and does not need to change the original structure of the machine tool.

Quick mold change. Quick mold changes include injection molding machines, ceramic dry presses, etc.

Lifting and handling. For the lifting of a single steel plate, especially in the fields of automobile axle, automobile chassis, container ship manufacturing, etc., it is required to hang the steel plate flat, and the single steel plate is required to be lifted without sticking. The characteristics of the electric permanent magnet lifting system are suitable for the above working conditions.

Welding clamping. All kinds of pipes and steel plate splicing need to be tightly positioned by clamps before they can be welded. The electric permanent magnet fixture has the characteristics of strong suction, reliable and easy operation.

The magnetic field conversion of the Alnico magnet inside the electric permanent magnet is controlled by electric energy, and the magnetic (magnetized state) or non-magnetic (demagnetized state) is externally characterized to realize the adsorption and release of the material by the electric permanent magnet.

Electric permanent magnet spreader.

The suction power of the electric permanent magnet is provided by the high-energy permanent magnet steel, and after the electric permanent magnet enters the magnetized state, the suction power is not affected by environmental factors other than high temperature, and the suction power is maintained in the power-off state. Electric permanent magnets only use electrical energy at the moment of magnetic circuit conversion, and no longer need electrical energy to maintain the magnetic force during operation. Fast magnetic circuit conversion (single-channel charge and demagnetization time in seconds).

In the magnetized state, the adjacent Alnico magnet and NdFeB magnet workpiece have the same polarity, and the magnetic field lines form a magnetic loop through the external workpiece, thereby generating suction; In the demagnetization state, the magnetic field of the alnico magnet is reversed, and the magnetic field lines form a loop inside the electric permanent magnet, and there is no remanence on the working surface of the electric permanent magnet and the workpiece.

The principle of electric permanent magnets.

Due to the different principles of magnetic force generation, electric permanent magnets have the following advantages compared with other products:

1.SafetyAn electric permanent magnet does not require electricity to generate magnetic force, and it does not lose its magnetic force due to the loss of electrical energy. Therefore, it has a high level of security.

2. Light weightFor lifting materials of the same weight, the electric permanent magnet spreader is lighter than the electromagnet spreader. It can increase the lifting capacity of the equipment and reduce the investment of the equipment. Therefore, the application of electric permanent magnets in robots and automated production lines is becoming more and more extensive.

3. Energy savingElectric permanent magnets only use electrical energy at the moment of conversion of the magnetic circuit, and do not use electrical energy at other times. Compared with electromagnets, it saves more than 95% energy.

4. Low cost of useThe control system of the electric permanent magnet is simpler than the control system of the solenoid, and it does not require a battery to provide magnetism protection for power failure. The amount of maintenance is small, and the demand for spare parts is small. The annual spare parts quantity is more than 80% less than that of the electromagnet system.

Maintenance is more than 90% less. These two aspects can save businesses considerable money.

What does an electric permanent magnet do:

In machine tool processing, it can be called an electric permanent magnet chuck;

It is used to fix the mold on the injection molding machine, which can be called a quick mold change system (magnetic platen);

In the field of automation, it can also be called automatic fixture or automatic suction cup;

The lifting field can also be called a magnetic spreader, lifting electric permanent magnet.

1.Permanent magnets, i.e. permanent magnets, can be natural products, also called natural magnets, or they can be manufactured by hand (the strongest magnets are NdFeB magnets).

2.Materials with wide hysteresis lines, high coercivity, and high remanence can be judged to maintain constant magnetism once magnetized. It is also known as permanent magnet material, hard frank lifting magnetic material. In the application, the permanent magnet is deeply magnetically saturated and magnetized and then operates in the demagnetization section of the second quadrant of the Magnet Rayleigh circuit.

3.The permanent magnet should have the highest coercivity HC, the residual magnetic Br and the maximum magnetic energy product (BH) m to ensure the storage of the maximum magnetic energy and stabilize the magnetic properties.

Categories: Education Science.

Problem description: Analysis: Simply put, the distribution of electrons inside the object is never uniform, which excites the induced electric field, which in turn excites the induced magnetic field, so a permanent magnet is generated. For example, the magnet is naturally formed by Fe2O3 and FeO, and permanent magnets will be formed.