Sweet potato is an important cash crop in China, what are the common pests and diseases of sweet pot

In the prevention and control of virus diseases, the commonly used methods are as follows: the selection of detoxified seedlings, crop rotation, robust cultivation, pesticide control, etc., in production practice, the effect of all ** virus diseases is very poor, therefore, sweet potato virus disease is focused on prevention, the best way is to choose detoxified seed potato seedlings, virus diseases, leaf spot disease. Sweet potato blast sweet potato vine cutting disease, sweet potato soft rot, etc.

To prevent pests and diseases of sweet potatoes, the first thing to do is to do it.

Sweet potatoes are susceptible to underground pests, forming insect paths, making sweet potatoes rot, reducing quality, and strictly enforcing Gongguang flail to contain lotus when it is heavy, resulting in reduced yield and loss of harvest. In production, the following methods can be taken in time to prevent poisoning and improve the yield and quality. In the early stage, the surface of the diseased potato will appear light brown or black-brown, irregular concave patches, and in the later stage, a black mold layer will be formed on the diseased spots, resulting in a bitter taste of the potato meat.

Diseases may occur during the entire growth and storage stage of sweet potatoes, mainly harming the seedlings and sweet potato lumps of sweet potatoes, and there is no harm to the vines of sweet potatoes.

<> control method of leaf roller: when the larvae have harmful signs, spray with 40% fast-acting phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate 1500-2000 times, which can receive the effect of both eggs and insects; Or spray with 1000 times of 50% phoxanthion emulsion and 700-1000 times of 80-90% crystal trichlorfon. When there are many larvae, you can pinch the larvae in the leaf curls by hand to prevent the spread of damage.

Leaf roller control method: when the larvae have harmful signs, spray with 40% fast-acting phosphosphomilk 1500 to 2000 times spray, which can achieve the effect of egg and insect treatment!

The underground insect pests of sweet potatoes are mainly mole crickets, grubs, ground tigers, etc., these insect pests mainly harm the roots and tubers of sweet potato seedlings, and the newly planted sweet potato seedlings are easy to be bitten off by them from the roots, especially the ground tigers are the most harmful. 1. When preparing the land, sprinkle 3 catties of dicarb granules, or poison the spleen, and phosphine, and learn more about the proportion of the instructions. 2. When the tubers are large, spray phosphine once, (try to spray the liquid towards the tuber).

1.After the occurrence of dark spots, fusiform brown spots appear on the seedlings and gradually develop into oval black spots and depressions. In the later stage, the young neck will turn black, and it is difficult to survive after planting diseased seedlings.

In later stages, the tuber will develop round, black depression points and develop deep inside the sweet potato, spreading and expanding along the vascular bundles, resulting in a bitter taste of the sweet potato tuber, which is difficult to eat. Control methods: select disease-resistant varieties and control them from the roots.

After harvesting, wood chips are mixed with sulfur and fumigated in the storage cellar on fire. In order to produce sweet potato acetone, inhibit the germination of black spot spores and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Soaking with 50% multi-step jin wettable powder and 500 times the amount of water before transplanting can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of diseases.

Common pests and diseases include virus disease, leaf spot, sweet potato blast, sweet potato vine cutting disease, sweet potato soft rot, etc., the selection of detoxified seedlings, crop rotation, robust cultivation, and pesticide control can be effectively solved.

1. Sweet potato black spot disease, strict potato field rotation cycle, guaranteed for more than 4 years. Choose disease-resistant varieties and disease-free seedlings. 2. For sweet potato stem nematode disease, choose disease-resistant varieties and disease-free seedlings.

Strict quarantine during the introduction process to control the spread of diseases. Implement the rotation of sweet potatoes and cereal crops for more than 4 years, and do not choose plots with a history of nematodes within 4 years. Clean the field and eliminate nematode carriers such as diseased remains.

3. For sweet potato root rot, comprehensive control measures have the best effect. First of all, it is necessary to choose disease-resistant varieties, such as Xu Shu 18, Jishu 2, Xu Zishu 1, Jishu 6 8, etc., which have strong disease resistance; Secondly, it is necessary to cultivate strong seedlings, strengthen field management, and take measures such as deep ploughing, crop rotation, cleaning the countryside, early planting, and establishing three-no seedling fields. 4. Sweet potato soft rot, improve the quality of harvesting, storage and transportation, try to harvest and store with crutches to prevent mechanical damage.

The first point should pay attention to regular watering, then this is a very important point, must master the skills, the second point should be regularly fertilized, so as to prevent these pests and diseases, the third point should be regularly irradiated by the sun and grafted, so as to achieve good results.

To choose excellent varieties of the key family, the height of the seedlings must grow to 20 30 cm, advocate ridge cultivation and judgment of sedan chairs, choose nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and lay the mulch film in the early stage to improve the light transmittance and ensure the moisture of the soil.

Be sure to choose fertile soil for planting, you can choose sandy soil, then you need to water properly, you can choose compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer.

It is necessary to use chicken fertilizer in a timely manner, and at the same time, it is also necessary to top dressing in stages, grasp the growth time of sweet potatoes, and prevent pests and diseases in advance.

Planting must be on fertile soil, sandy soil, and then properly watered, compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer.

Sweet potatoes are also divided into varieties, different varieties of sweet potatoes, their yields will be different, some varieties of sweet potatoes, the yield will be relatively high, and some are very low, therefore, when we plant sweet potatoes, we need to select the varieties of sweet potatoes.

There is such a saying, called "high ridge big potato, deep water to raise big coffee", it can be seen that high ridge planting sweet potato is one of the main factors to increase the yield of sweet potato, therefore, before planting sweet potato, it is necessary to carry out deep ploughing and fine ridge cultivation on farmland, and the land is divided into multiple ridges, each ridge is 50cm wide, 25 cm high, and the total width and height are not fixed, and can fluctuate moderately. After the ridge is raised, a seed ditch is given at the top of the ridge, about 25cm deep, and then the organic fertilizer is sprinkled into the seed ditch as the base fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is evenly distributed according to the amount of organic fertilizer, and generally more is sprinkled into one-third of the ditch. After the basal fertilizer is applied, cover some soil tightly, cover the basal fertilizer, and you can plant sweet potato seedlings.

Sweet potato seedlings are planted to dismantle the blue back, generally around 10 days, sweet potato seedlings will wake up, this period, we do not need to fertilizer, if especially sun, and there is also a standard, you can be in the case of dusk, in the case of sweet potato seedlings at the root of some water. In the sweet potato seedlings wake up about 10 days or so, you need to gradually pour some manure water on the sweet potato seedlings, or their own alcoholic liquid fertilizer, which can promote the rapid growth and development of sweet potato seedlings, and at the same time apply some light fertilizer compound fertilizer + urea solution, most of the next month do not need to fertilize, naturally, if there is time, there is also a standard, and the planting is also less, you can be drenched up and down every 15 days or made of liquid fertilizer.

We want to inquire about the skin of sweet potatoes. In the case of choosing sweet potatoes, it will not be too difficult to find that some sweet potatoes have been broken by rubbing the skin, in fact, such a small damage does not matter, what we want to test is whether the sweet potatoes have insect eyes, if the sweet potatoes have insect eyes, then no matter how they are cooked, there is a particularly pungent smell after boiling. and even continue to smoke other good sweet potatoes together.

Therefore, in the case of choosing sweet potatoes, the first thing we need to check is whether the sweet potatoes have insect eyes, and the sweet potatoes without insect eyes are sweet sweet potatoes.

After a month and a half of sweet potato seedling growth and development, sweet potato will gradually form tubers, at this time you can not apply manure water, but to apply manure + chicken manure (or plant ash) + a little light fertilizer compound fertilizer, after the fertilization of Huipai, you can loosen the soil and seal the ridge, so that the sweet potato of course grows and develops.

You can observe the shape of sweet potatoes, choose the round and fat ones, you can observe the dryness and wetness of the soil on the surface, and choose the dry ones.

You need to pay attention to the shape, the time of placement, and the condition of the skin to find the sweet potato that suits you.

Look at the color of the skin of the sweet potato, look at the body shape of the sweet potato, see if the surface of the sweet potato is complete and smooth, pinch the sweet potato, and look at the soil on the surface.

1. Look at the shape of sweet potatoes There are two shapes of sweet potatoes, which are skinny, slender and round, short and fat. Among them, the thinner sweet potatoes are jokingly called "male sweet potatoes" among the folk, while the short and fat sweet potatoes are called "female sweet potatoes". The elongated shape of the "male sweet potato" is also very beautiful when cut off, mainly because the sugar content is much higher than that of the "female sweet potato".

2.Looking at the soil on the surface, when we buy sweet potatoes, we find that the sweet potatoes are more or less covered with some soil, but the dryness and wetness of the soil are different, so how do we choose? It is recommended that you choose sweet potatoes that are rotten and dirty to the touch, because this type of sweet potato has been left for a period of time after being unearthed.

1. Surface: The surface of sweet potatoes is smooth, and the shape is like a spindle, or most of them are high-quality sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes with black skin or brown spots are mostly of poor quality or have spoiled, so they should not be purchased.

2. Taste: Pick up the sweet potato and put it under the nose to smell it lightly, there is no musty smell, which means that the sweet potato is relatively bright and fresh. Moldy sweet potatoes often contain ketone toxins and should be avoided. In addition, sprouted sweet potatoes are not as toxic as potatoes, but they tend to taste poor, so they should be avoided as much as possible.

3. Variety: There are two main types of sweet potatoes: red-skinned sweet potatoes and white-skinned, and red-skinned sweet potatoes have a sweeter taste and better taste. Sweet potatoes with white skin and red hearts don't taste very good, and the taste is not as sweet as red skin sweet potatoes.

The pesticides used to plant sweet potatoes to control underground pests include matrine aqueous agent, lesben, chlorantraniliprole, etc. The swelling period of sweet potatoes is the period when more water is needed, and the roots of sweet potatoes can be irrigated with matrine 1000 times when watering. Crop rotation can also be used to prevent underground pests and reduce the number of pests.

When preventing pests, it is important to note that farmyard manure must be fully decomposed before application, as the smell of uncooked farmyard manure will attract underground pests.

1. Sweet potato pesticide control underground pests

1. The pesticides used to control underground pests include matrine aqueous agent, Lesben, chlorantraniliprole and other agents. When the sweet potato is swelling, this stage needs a lot of water, and it can be combined with watering to apply 1000 times of matrine water agent to the root of the sweet potato, and the control effect is better. During the normal growth period of sweet potatoes, foliar sprays of Xerox 1000 times can be carried out, or 35% chlorantraniliprole suspension, and each package of agent can be mixed with 15 kg of water when used.

2. You can also use the method of crop rotation to prevent underground pests, and the number of pests can be reduced through crop rotation, and then the pesticide can be used for control, which can improve the efficacy. Sweet potatoes are more drought-tolerant, underground pests are mainly produced according to the growth characteristics of sweet potatoes, they are resistant to dry soil but not waterlogging, and the fields with frequent underground pests can be rotated with water and drought during the prevention and control, which effectively reduces the occurrence of underground pests.

3. When using farmhouse fertilizer for sweet potatoes, it must be fully decomposed before application, because farmhouse fertilizer without rotting will emit the smell that underground pests like, which is conducive to the reproduction of pests. If you use uncooked farm manure for a long time, there will be more and more underground pests, and even if pesticides are used for control, after the effect of the pests disappears, the pests will reappear and continue to harm.

Second, what are the main underground pests of sweet potatoes?

1. Grubs: Grubs are the larvae of beetles, which mainly feed on the underground parts of the young roots and stems of crops, and they will bite or bite off the roots of crops to make the seedlings wither and die.

2. Needleworm: Needleworm larvae will harm seeds and germs, and in severe cases, there will be many small holes in the rhizomes of seedlings, resulting in dead seedlings, lack of seedlings or tuber rot.

3. Mole crickets: Mole crickets will harm the seeds that have just been sown or germinated and feed on the tender stems, bite the young stems into a mess, and at the same time, the roots of the seedlings will be separated from the soil, causing the seedlings to wither and die.

4. Ground tiger: larvae have a mixed feeding habits, they will lurk in the soil during the day, and they will come out at night, which will lead to serious lack of seedlings and even destruction of crops.

5. Termites: Termites are very harmful to sweet potatoes, and they can directly hollow out sweet potatoes, which will lead to a decrease in sweet potato quality and yield in serious cases.

6. Root aphid: Mainly concentrated in the taproot, sucking the root juice, causing the lower part of the taproot and fibrous roots to become thinner, atrophy, blacken and even rot.

Sweet potatoes belong to lifelong vine plants, which like heat and are afraid of cold. There are not many requirements for environmental conditions, and in order to achieve its true yield, it is necessary to give sweet potatoes a good environmental condition to cultivate. Such as temperature, moisture, light, soil and nutrients, etc.

The most suitable growing temperature for sweet potatoes is 20 32, and its temperature range is best controlled in the middle of 15 -35. When the temperature is less than 15, the growth will be stopped, and when the temperature is less than 10, its leaves and fruits will be frost damaged. Therefore, in the case of planting sweet potatoes, it must be carried out at a stable temperature of 15 or more.

Therefore, sweet potatoes are generally planted after the temperature warms up in spring, and on the whole, the best time to plant them is in April and May, and they can be picked in September.

There are several types of sweet potatoes, such as: red heart, white heart, yellow heart, purple heart, etc. Choose your favorite species and start planting seedlings.

The need to be able to make sweet potato seeds is disease-free, undamaged, detailed exocarp, robust potato seeds with bud points, and 1 mu is about 100 catties of sweet potato seeds. Select a piece of land with abundant nutrients and sunlight without pathogenic bacteria to carry out pre-seedling, about 30 square meters, make a ditch, put the sweet potato seeds into the ditch first, plant a potato seed every 15cm, sprinkle into the rotten weeds or mandated organic fertilizer, and then cover the fine soil and water until the soil layer is moist.

Select the soil and select sandy soil blocks, and apply 2-3 tons of organic fertilizer, 15kg of urea, and 20kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu in early spring. Although sweet potatoes are drought tolerant and barren, they can only be harvested when they are rich in fertilizer and water, so it is very important to apply foot fertilizer. To make ridges, it is generally used to use high ridges and multi-row sparse planting, with a ridge height of 20 25cm, a ridge width of 60 80 cm, and a ridge spacing of 15 20cm.

It is stipulated that the ridge surface is leveled and delicate. Multi-row covering is made of high-pressure polyethylene agricultural mulch film with a thickness of 110cm and a total width. It is also planted with single ridges.

Covered with a curved plastic film, the temperature is controlled at 20-30 °C, and after about a week, the sweet potatoes will bud and emerge. When the sweet potato seedlings grow to a low of 10cm, give basal fertilizer moderately to accelerate the growth of potato seedlings. Every 30 square meters of the total area of the seedlings, 1 kg of urea should be watered, watered once a week, the seedling age is 30 days, when the potato seedlings grow to 35cm low, you can transplant the tree cuttings and transplant them.