Magical matches. What is the principle of matches?

The principle of matches is based on the principle of heat generation by friction of objectsStrong oxidizing agentand the chemical activity of the reducing agent to create a kind of ignition tool that can be rubbed and ignited.

Match heads are mainly composed of oxidants (kclo3), flammable materials (such as sulfur, etc.) and binders.

and so on. The phosphorus of matches is mainly composed of red phosphorus.

Composed of antimony trisulfide and binder. When a match is struck, the match head rubs against the side of the matchbox to generate heat.

The heat released decomposes KCLO3 and produces a small amount of oxygen, which makes the red phosphorus ignite, thereby causing flammable materials (such as sulfur) to burn on the firewood head, so that the match is struck.

Popularization time

On April 7, 1827, John Walker made the first box of matches**. He had 84 matches in a box, and the price was one shilling. A small piece of sandpaper is attached to one end of the matchbox, and the match head is sandwiched between the sandpaper, and when you pull it outward, the match is lit.

Since then, matches have become popular all over the world.

In 1830 there was a yellow phosphorus match, which ignited as soon as it was rubbed, but it was prone to danger and its smoke was poisonous. In 1835, the safe and harmless red phosphorus was invented.

Match. By 1848, the Germans had invented the safety match that is common today.

The invention of matches has provided great convenience for human beings to use fire.

Matches are based on the principle of heat generation by friction of objects, using strong oxidizing agents.

and the chemical activity of the reducing agent to create a kind of ignition tool that can be rubbed and ignited.

In the second half of the eighteenth century, yellow phosphorus was mainly used as an ignition agent. Because yellow phosphorus was toxic, it was gradually replaced by phosphorus sulfide matches. Although the latter is non-toxic, it may spontaneously combust at any time and is very unsafe. In 1855, the world in Sweden.

The established match factory successfully developed safety matches.

It is gradually adopted by countries around the world.

Classification of matches

Daily matches, also known as ordinary matches, according to the packaging shape and raw materials used have three kinds of wooden stem matches, wax paper stem matches and book matches.

Wooden stem match: A match stem with a square section made of soft wood, the end of the stem is dipped in paraffin wax and medicinal pulp, dried and packed in a small box made of wood chips or cardboard, and the side of the box is coated with a phosphorus layer. for the most common matches.

Wax Stem Match: Referred to as Wax Stem Match. Tissue paper is soaked in molten paraffin wax and then extruded into long stalks with a round or square cross-section, which are then cut to make match stalks. Suitable for areas lacking wood. Due to the large wax content of the stem, the ignition performance is relatively good.

Book-style matches: Named for their flat and book-like packaging. The stem is made of wood chips or cardboard, every 10 or 15 is a group, one end of the base is connected, comb-shaped, and one end of the stem tip is stained with paraffin wax and medicinal slurry.

After making matches, they are bound into a book with a cardboard cover. The phosphorus layer is applied to the cover binding. Tear off the scratch root by root when using.

This kind of match is beautiful in appearance and easy to carry.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Matches.

Once, I went to the countryside to enjoy the idyllic scenery, strolled on the country road, and saw such a scene: old people draw matches to make fires and cook. In the coal stove, the fire burned very strongly.

I was very curious, because in economically developed cities, matches are not common. So where did the red hair on the match's head and the brown rough piece of paper next to the matchbox come about? Why do they catch fire when they rub together?

When I got home, I hurriedly ran to the study to look up information on the Internet. It turns out that the match head mainly contains potassium chlorate, manganese dioxide, sulfur and glass powder. The matchstick is coated with a small amount of paraffin.

The friction layer on both sides of the matchbox is made by mixing red phosphorus and glass powder. The main process of a match catching fire is:

l) Generated when the firewood head is swiped on the matchbox. Heat burns phosphorus;

2) The heat emitted by phosphorus combustion decomposes potassium chlorate;

3) the oxygen of Dohuhu released by potassium chlorate reacts with sulfur;

4) The heat emitted by the reaction of sulfur with oxygen ignites the paraffin, which eventually sets the matchstick on fire.

Oh! I see, I learned the secret of matches.

After the match stem is treated with diammonium hydrogen phosphate, it is coated with a layer of paraffin, and the head is very thick. It is easy to rub and catch fire, and the flame is particularly strong, even in a strong wind above level 10, it can still catch fire and will not be extinguished. Matches appeared in China very early.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, sulfur was dipped on a small wooden stick, and with the help of fire or fire knife flint, it was easy to turn the yin fire into a yang fire. This can be considered the most primitive match.

Tao Zongyi's "Dropout Record" contains: "Hangzhou people cut pine wood into small pieces, which are as thin as paper, and the top of the wood chips is coated with sulfurium. Cover it with fire and candles also".

Around 950, Tao Gu mentioned in the book "Qing Yilu" that there was an urgent matter at night and it took a lot of time to make lamps. There was a wise man who dipped pine strips with sulfur and stored them for later use. As soon as it comes into contact with fire, it burns.

and a small flame is like an ear of grain. This miraculous thing was called the Light Slave at the time. Later, when it became a commodity, it was renamed Huocuntiao.

The earliest matches in Europe were also made from sulfur, and many researchers believe that the invention was most likely brought back from China by European tourists. F., Paris, France, 1816Drewson made yellow phosphorus matches, 1828, London, England

Jones made the Prumic match, followed by the Parisian G e.Mekael and Austrian J

Siegel and others invented phosphorus-free matches. In order to increase the stability and flammability of matches, the French cSolia revolutionized the design of match recipes in 1831 using white and yellow phosphorus as recipes.

In 1845, chemist ASchlertl invented the safety match, which uses red phosphorus as the match head. At the end of the 19th century, it was found that the factory workers who used white phosphorus to make matches were prone to a kind of phosphorus toxic jaw gangrene, and in 1898, the French ** match monopoly company put forward a patent for phosphorus trisulfide for the production of matches, and white phosphorus matches were regarded as an illegal product.

In 1830, Solia in France and Cammelo in Germany revolutionized matches, using a mixture of yellow phosphorus, sulfur and potassium chlorate to make modern matches. At the beginning of the twentieth century, modern matches were introduced to China and were called foreign fire, fanhuo, etc. For example, Taiwanese is still called Fanzai Huo today.

In modern times, due to the development of modern tools, many people use lighters and the use of matches has been eliminated with the crack. Today, it is easier to buy lighters than matches in supermarkets. As the standard of living continues to improve, people from the practical and environmentally friendly corners of the state have left matches and bought lighters instead.

In terms of additional commercial interests, there are hundreds of millions of smokers in the world, and the demand for lighters is very huge for such a large group, and the role of lighters as a practical advertisement is self-evident.

In general, with the development of modern tools, many people used lighters and gradually phased out the use of matches.

Smelling a lot of cold eyes and affection is the most prominent feature of "Match". The whole poem has only four lines, but it passes through the "......The different fates of the little singer with a cherry mouth at the bottom of the king truly and vividly depict the tragic scene of fierce competition and deceit in capitalist countries, and achieve the goal of "denigrating Western civilization".