What is the mental activity through which the volitional process is carried out to achieve the inten

The volitional process refers to the mental process in which a person sets certain goals in his own activities, constantly overcomes internal and external difficulties according to the plan, and strives to achieve the goals. It is the embodiment of man's conscious agency, that is, man can not only know objective things, but also consciously transform the world according to the understanding of objective things and their laws.

The volitional process refers to the conscious actions taken by people in social practice to achieve the established goals, including the psychological phenomena that consciously determine the purpose of the actions and consciously control and regulate their actions to achieve the given goals. The will is influenced by emotion, which is also the result of the further development of the cognitive process, which has a positive role in promoting people's social practice. Moral will The spirit and perseverance of people to overcome difficulties, remove obstacles, and control emotions in the process of fulfilling moral obligations.

It comes from the understanding of certain moral principles and moral norms, is the inner spiritual force for fulfilling moral obligations, and plays a special and important role in the formation of people's moral character. A person with a strong moral will can be strict with himself and maintain high moral sentiments under any circumstances. The moral will plays a controlling role in moral sentiments; Moral sentiment is the driving force of the moral will.

Mental processes. Mental processes refer to the process by which mental phenomena occur, develop, and disappear. It has a continuity in time.

1. Cognitive process (knowledge): various psychological phenomena manifested by people in the activities of understanding the objective world.

A brief introduction to concepts: feeling, perception, memory, thinking, imagination.

2. Emotional process (emotion): the various psychological experience processes produced by people when they recognize objective things.

3. Volitional process (meaning): the process in which people strive to overcome difficulties and complete tasks in order to achieve their goals. The actions that arise in the volitional process are the volitional acts (lines).

Informed of the three.

The relationship between knowledge, emotion, intention and action: cognition is the basis for generating emotion and intention; Action is produced on the basis of cognition and driven by emotion, which can improve awareness, enhance emotion, and hone will; Behavior control, regulation of emotions, and improvement of cognition.

1) Decision stage.

The decisive stage of the will is also the preparatory stage of the will action. At this stage, the problem of motivational struggle is first solved, and then the purpose of the action is determined and the method of achieving it is chosen. Any volitional action is linked to a certain motivation, which in turn is related to a need.

Motivation is the desire, intention, belief and ideal that needs to be generated, etc., which are the internal causes and motives of volitional action, which determine the nature and direction of a person's action.

2) Execution phase.

Refers to the process of putting an action plan into practice. In the implementation phase, the quality of the will is expressed in the firm implementation of the established plan of action. Efforts should be made to overcome all kinds of difficulties encountered subjectively and objectively.

Failure to do so in the face of obstacles in the implementation of the original plan is a sign of weakness.

The will is produced by human beings in the practice of social life with the generation of speech and consciousness. It is the manifestation of the active reaction of consciousness to objective reality, and it is a product of society. Newborns do not have a will, but with the gradual acquisition of speech, self-awareness, and subjective desires, volitional actions begin to appear.

Voluntary movement is the basis of volitional activity. Speech has the function of abstraction and generalization. People can use speech to extract the knowledge and experience stored in the brain, generate various motivations and needs, determine the purpose of action, formulate an action plan, and carry out volitional activities.

Human psychology is the unity of knowledge, emotion and intention, and the three promote each other, influence each other, and penetrate each other. The will is based on knowledge and develops with the development of knowledge. Only by understanding the difference and relationship between subject and object, and understanding the law of change of objective things, can man consciously determine the purpose of action and carry out volitional action according to the objective law.

Therefore, freedom of will is premised on a correct understanding of objective reality, and while transforming the objective world, people can constantly improve their ability to understand. In many cases, volitional processes are intimately linked to human emotions. Noble emotions can be the driving force of the will, while negative emotions often become the resistance of the will.

The mental process of volitional action is divided into two phases, namely the stage of taking a decision and the stage of carrying out a plan.

Take the decision stage: Specifically, it includes three links: the struggle of motivation, that is, the choice of the right intensity and the right motivation; Conflict of purpose and establishment of the correct purpose; Selection of action methods and strategies, and on the basis of which an effective action plan is determined.

Execution decision stage: refers to the implementation of the decision once the decision is taken, the implementation of the decision is the key stage for the realization of the will action, and the implementation of the decision often requires greater volitional effort. Specifically, it includes three links:

overcoming difficulties, obstacles and disruptions to enable the implementation of the plan; In the process of implementation, if the plan is found to be out of touch with reality, it is necessary to revise the plan realistically; When the plan is completed, new goals and plans are proposed and new decisions are taken.

The will is always manifested through a series of concrete actions. An action that is governed and controlled by the will is an action of the will. The study of volitional action is mainly to analyze the psychological aspect of action, that is, the process of psychological regulation of action.

The decision stage is the beginning stage of volitional action. It determines the direction of volitional action and sets the trajectory of future volitional action; The stage of executive decision is the stage of completion of volitional action, in which people's subjective purpose is transformed into objective results, conceptual things are transformed into actual behaviors, and the transformation of the objective world is realized.

The decision is not achieved overnight, it is a process, with rich psychological content, reflecting the quality of human will.

The adoption of decisions includes the establishment of the purpose of action, the selection of means of action, and the selection of motives for action.

People are usually faced with not one, but several purposes that can be taken. This is where a choice must be made. In order to make a choice for the collapse of the chain, he must consider the necessity of each purpose according to its meaning and value, and according to subjective and objective conditions, consider the possibility of its realization.

If there is something attractive to each purpose, and there is a certain necessity and possibility, people will have psychological conflicts, internal difficulties, and indecision between different purposes.

The more intense and similar the attractiveness of the objectives of the various actions, the more acute the conflict and the more difficult it is to make choices. Sometimes the purpose itself is not contradictory in its objective nature, but it is impossible to achieve it at the same time, and it is also necessary for the subject to make comparisons, weigh their priorities, and make arrangements for priority or priority. Overcoming these difficulties and accomplishing the goals require people to make willful efforts.

1) Take the decision stage.

Motivation struggle. In terms of the forms of motivational struggle, it can be divided into the following four types: double conflict, double conflict avoidance, conflict avoidance and multiple conflict avoidance; Define goals for action.

Determining the purpose is very important in volitional action. Whether or not the purpose of one's actions can be correctly established through the struggle of motives shows the strength of one's will. The greater the contradiction between the motives, and the more intense the struggle, the greater the volitional effort required to determine the goal.

The power of the will is the only way to correctly handle the struggle of motives, to choose the right motives, to determine the right ends.

2) Execution decision stage.

Choice of methods of action and strategies. The choice of methods of action and strategies is driven by the desire to achieve the purpose after it has been determined. It is the process by which a person designs his own actions according to the external conditions and internal laws of the desired end; Overcome difficulties to achieve the decisions made.

Overcoming difficulties and achieving the decisions made is the key link in the action of the will, because even if there is a good purpose for action, a noble motive, and a well-drawn plan, if the letter is not put into action, everything is still in the air, and it is still only a subjective desire in the mind.

Man consciously determines the purpose and directs and regulates his actions accordingly. The mental process of overcoming external difficulties in order to achieve a predetermined purpose.

The action governed by the will is called the action of the will.

The first pair tends to conflict.

The second pair avoids conflicts.

Third, avoid conflict.

Fourth, multiple conflict avoidance.

The purpose of determination is to correctly establish the purpose of action through the conflict of motivations, and to show the level of human will.

After the struggle of motivation, after determining the goal, it is necessary to solve the method of achieving the goal, how to do it, and how to achieve the goal.

Develop specific plans and procedures for actions based on the established purpose of action and the method of selection.

Qualities of will. Consciousness.

Decisiveness. Self-control.

Toughness.

(1) The mental process of volitional action refers to the active regulation process of volitional action; (2) The mental process of volitional action is divided into two stages: the stage of taking a decision and the stage of carrying out a decision; (3) the stage of taking decisions includes the struggle of motivation, the determination of the purpose of action, and the selection of methods and strategies for action; (4) The stage of implementing the decision includes overcoming difficulties and achieving the objectives of the action.

Answer]: a, b, c, d, e

The volitional action consists of the preparatory phase and the execution of the decision phase, and its trousers and the preparatory phase include the struggle of motivation, the determination of the purpose and the selection of the method of action and the imitation of pure disturbance.