What is the history of furniture? The history of the development of Chinese furniture

A certain combination and connection between the materials and components used in furniture is a structural system composed of certain use functions. It includes the internal structure and external structure of furniture, and the internal structure refers to a certain combination between furniture parts, which depends on the change of materials and the development of science and technology. Like the traditional mortise and tenon joints and the hardware connections used in modern panel furniture, they are all internal structures.

In addition, the external structure of the furniture is in direct contact with the user, which is a direct reflection of the appearance of the modeling, so it must be adapted to the user in terms of scale, proportion and shape, which is the so-called ergonomics, such as the height of the seat surface, the depth, the chair with the appropriate back inclination angle can relieve the fatigue of people; On the premise of facilitating users to access items, storage furniture should be suitable for the scale of the stored items.

Furniture is composed of four factors: material, structure, appearance form and function, of which function is the forerunner and the driving force for the development of furniture; The structure is the backbone and the basis for the realization of functions. These four factors are interrelated and mutually restrictive. Because furniture is designed and made to meet people's certain material needs and use purposes, furniture also has factors in terms of material and appearance.

Furniture mostly refers to large items such as wardrobes, tables, beds, sofas, etc. Chapter 18 of Liu Qing's "Iron Wall": "A guard carrying two pieces of furniture, a box gun and a carbine, came up.

Household utensils, referring to wooden utensils, also include cooking utensils, etc. It is a utensil used in human daily life and social activities with functions such as sitting and lying, leaning, storage, and spacing. It is usually assembled by a number of parts and components according to a certain joint method, and has become an important part of indoor and outdoor decoration.

Jia Siyi's "Qi Min Yaoshu" in the Northern Wei Dynasty has five kinds of Huai willow and catalpa Wuqi: "All those who are furniture, the front wood is suitable for planting." It can be seen that since ancient times, Chinese furniture has always used wood as the main material, mainly wooden furniture.

Furniture is not only a material product, but also an artistic creation, which is often referred to as the dual characteristics of furniture. The type, quantity, function, form, style and production level of furniture, as well as the occupation at that time, also reflect the social lifestyle, the level of social material civilization and the historical and cultural characteristics of a country and region in a certain historical period. Furniture is a symbol of the level of development of social productive forces in a certain historical period of a country or region, a microcosm of a certain way of life, and the manifestation of a certain cultural form, so furniture embodies a rich and profound sociality.

Chinese furniture has a long history and a long history. From the Xia and Shang, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jins, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Five Dynasties, the Song, the Yuan, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the styles of furniture are different, and they are developing on the basis of inheriting the tradition.

The initial period of Chinese furniture can be traced back to the Xia and Shang periods, influenced by the concept of ghosts and gods, the decorative patterns of furniture in this period are very solemn and majestic, and gluttonous patterns are commonly used. Lacquered wood utensils are decorated with mussel shells, and bronze decorate the doors of pots, influencing furniture for the next few thousand years.

The furniture of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are represented by Chu-style lacquered wood furniture, painted wooden beds, and Chu-style small seat screens. The lacquered wood furniture of this period is the main source of the lacquered wood furniture that I have ever had. The decorative patterns of furniture are mainly dragon and phoenix bird patterns and romantic and magical patterns, and are commonly used in relief and openwork techniques, and the colors are bright and gorgeous, and it is also deeply influenced by the strong concept of ghosts and gods.

During the Warring States period, the "H" shaped shape was thick and clumsy, and it was the beginning of lacquer art.

In addition to the shiny lacquered wood, there are also jade, bamboo and pottery furniture. During this period, the variety of furniture began to increase, and there were already couch screens, kitchens and cabinets, mirror tables and solitary benches. The furniture series of the Han Dynasty sitting on the ground is a representative period of the low row furniture series in China.

The furniture of the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty is a transitional stage in the history of Chinese furniture development, it has appeared a series of low-shaped and high-type furniture, and combined with the development of furniture in the Central Plains (such as Hu bed), the furniture in some areas has gradually increased, but the overall is mainly low-shaped furniture.

The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous and prosperous era, the furniture manufacturing not only inherited the tradition but also absorbed the advantages of foreign art, it was colorful and gorgeous and plump and dignified, the furniture coexisted with high and low, there were tables, free chairs, waist drum seat piers. The five generations of furniture inherited and developed the style of Tang Dynasty furniture, which became simple and practical.

By the time of the Song Dynasty, high-type furniture had become common. The high bed, the high table, the towel rack, the Taishi chair, the drawer kitchen, etc. are simple and beautiful, imitating the architectural framework, using a refined and simple frame structure, and the frame furniture of the Ming and Qing dynasties was influenced by it.

In the Yuan Dynasty, due to the ruler's pursuit of luxury enjoyment, the furniture also appeared to be coarse and gorgeous. Such as the glaze ochre flower throne, it is a typical representative of the Yuan Dynasty furniture.

The handicraft industry of the Ming Dynasty is very developed, so the development of furniture is also very prosperous, beautiful and practical, the furniture of the Ming Dynasty has a lofty position in the history of Chinese furniture, its shape is concise, the workmanship is exquisite, the complexity is suitable, the wood is hard, the texture is beautiful. Deeply appreciated by the world, Ming-style seats and Ming-style screens are of exquisite quality and well-known at home and abroad.

During the Qing Dynasty, the furniture was thick and luxurious, and different regions had different furniture styles, including Cantonese style, Soviet style, Beijing style, etc. It has a great impact on modern furniture.

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