How far is China from making a quantum computer?

Quantum computer is a computer that calculates data based on the superposition principle and quantum entanglement in quantum mechanics, and has incomparable advantages in cryptography, scientific simulation, big data processing and other scientific research institutions, enterprises and applications of the next generation of computers. This also shows that the principles are very different from those of classical computers, which in some respects cannot be compared, and in other respects classical computers may be far superior to quantum computers. However, only these applications have attracted the world's leading enterprises, enterprises and scientific research institutions to invest heavily in researching it.

So, how does it count as a working quantum computer? According to the ** of some scientists, it can be summarized as follows: a computer with a fidelity of more than 99% for single-qubit logic gates and two-qubit logic gates, dozens of qubits, and a reasonable range of operation speed and decoherence time is a usable quantum computer.

This sentence may be more complicated than the previous sentences, so let me explain a few concepts first. Qubits, just like the bits of classical computers, for classical computers, the more bits there are, the larger the number of operations can be, and the stronger their capabilities, and the same is true for quantum computers; Quantum logic gates, just like the and, or, and non-equal logic circuits of classical computers, single-qubit logic gates and two-qubit logic gates are the basic units that make up quantum computers; The fidelity reaches 99%, which means that in order to successfully complete the quantum calculation, the error rate of each logic gate cannot exceed 1%; The number of qubits, in order to exert its performance, according to calculations, must reach at least 30; The faster the operation speed and the decoherence time, the faster the former, the better, and the longer the latter, the better. <>

China has made a breakthrough in quantum computers, and as early as 2017, China developed a computer with ten qubits. It has long been widely accepted in the world that the more qubits, the stronger the computing power, and the higher the computing power and fidelity, so China has already manufactured the initial product of the quantum computer.

In the field of basic research in quantum computing, there are three benchmark nodes that the scientific community has agreed on in terms of computing power: the first step is to surpass the first classical computer, the second step is to surpass commercial CPUs, and the third step is to surpass supercomputers. "We're only the first of those, but it's an important one.

Lu Chaoyang said that it is expected that 20 qubits can be manipulated by the end of the year, reaching the current level of commercial CPUs; By 2020, the goal of manipulating 45 qubits is expected to be achieved, challenging the computing power of classical supercomputers.

Through 10 to 20 years of hard work, we will see if we can really make a special quantum computer with certain application value, which is relatively common and can operate stably. This is one of our goals. <>

Don't sell dog meat on sheep's heads. A quantum key is a communication cipher, not a component of a quantum computer.

In recent years, the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made a series of breakthroughs in semiconductor quantum chips and solid-state quantum storage, and now, the international distance to the realization of quantum computing has become closer and closer, and the energy and financial resources invested are also increasing, Google, IBM, Microsoft and other large enterprises have already laid out in this field, and recently Martinis (which has received great support from Google) has realized the calculation of molecular energy on their chips, It should be said that the first step in quantum computing has been taken; The two-qubit silicon-based semiconductor quantum chip was also one of the world's top ten physical breakthroughs last year, which shows that the industry's expectations for this achievement will surely develop faster and faster.

No one can predict the future, but many scientists have mentioned the goal of developing quantum computing in ten to twenty years. <>

There are six or seven chips coming out.

In 2015, Google developed a 9-qubit computer, and on May 7, 2017, China developed a 10-qubit computer. How far do you say our country is from making a quantum computer?

On May 19, 2017, IMB opened the beta testing of the quantum computing platform to the public, allowing people to apply to use the 16-qubit platform to conduct experiments and help advance quantum computing technology. Because quantum computers are so sophisticated, ordinary people don't have access to this technology. That's why when IBM opened up alpha testing of its free 5-qubit computing processor last year, programmers and developers flocked to it.

Last year, 300,000 experiments were conducted in alpha testing.

Now, the company is taking this technology to the next level.

IBM announced that it has built and tested two of the most powerful quantum computing platforms to date: a 16-qubit "Quantum Experience" general-purpose computer and a 17-qubit commercial processor prototype. The two machines will form the core of IBM's commercial quantum computing system.

IBM's latest quantum computing processors have three times more qubits than the previous generation. So that it effortlessly starts to send calculations that cannot be processed before. The company hopes that developers, programmers, researchers, and anyone working in the field will take advantage of this platform.

To achieve this, anyone interested in using the technology can request a beta test by visiting GitHub's Software Development Kit. Alternatively, they can visit the IBM Experience Library to get a feel for the new technology.

What can you make out of something you don't understand?

The United States announced it today! What about China, where are scientists struggling?

There is no specific timeQuantum computersIt is still in the research phase.

Quantum computers are a class that follows quantum mechanics.

High-speed mathematical and logical operations are performed regularly.

A physical device that stores and processes quantum information. When a device processes and computes quantum information and runs quantum algorithms, it is a quantum computer.

Quantum computers are characterized by fast running speed, strong ability to process information, and wide range of applications. Compared with ordinary computers, the more information is processed, the more beneficial it is for quantum computers to implement calculations, and the more accurate the calculations can be.

Overview:

A quantum computer, simply put, is a machine capable of quantum computing. It is a system that enables mathematical and logical operations, processing, and storing information through the laws of quantum mechanics. It comes in a quantum state.

It is a form of storage unit and information storage, and quantum communication based on information transmission and processing based on quantum dynamic evolution.

and quantum computing.

In a quantum computer, the size of the various components of its hardware reaches the size of an atom or molecule. A quantum computer is a physical system that stores and processes information represented in qubits.

In silicon wafers as the basic unit.

In integrated circuits, traditional computers distinguish between 0 and 1 by switching circuits, and quantum computers also have their own basic units - qubits. A qubit, also known as a qubit, represents 0 or 1 through a quantum dual-state quantum mechanical system.

For example, two orthogonal polarization directions of a photon, the spin direction of an electron in a magnetic field, or the two directions of a nuclear spin, two different energy levels of a quantum in an atom, or the spatial pattern of any quantum system. The principle of quantum computing is the evolution of quantum states in a quantum mechanical system.

Quantum mechanics has limited the development of quantum computers due to its complex and inevitable decoherence mechanism, but researchers are now discovering that there are other ways to solve it.

So far, quantum computers can solve certain problems faster than traditional computers because they are completely different from the traditional quantum superposition and quantum entanglement effects, from mathematics, physics, medicine, pharmaceuticals, finance, etc., quantum computers have their unique advantages.

The prospect of quantum computing was first recognized by scientists in the 80s of the 20th century, but so far it has not been realized (IBM has launched its own quantum computer in the first place), due to various temperatures, electromagnetic radiation, etc., which will destroy the coherence of the quantum, leading to erroneous results in the output of the operation. However, existing hardware platforms are not yet capable of providing large-scale error correction calculations.

Now, researchers in industry, academia, and the National Experiment Debate Room are looking for ways to reduce errors, either by guessing the correct outcome based on the results of calculations based on noise levels, or by mixing quantum and classical algorithms, running only the most performance-critical programs on quantum computers, most of which run on more stable classical computing computers, which have proven to be very useful for dealing with the decoherence problems of quantum computers.

Scott Pakin et al., using machine learning to convert or compile quantum circuits into the optimal equivalent circuit for a particular quantum computer. Recently they devised a method that uses currently available quantum computers to compile their own quantum algorithms. This avoids the significant computational overhead required to simulate quantum dynamics on a shrouded classical computer.

Because this approach produces shorter algorithms than existing technologies, they therefore reduce the impact of noise. This machine learning approach can also compensate for errors in algorithm- and hardware-platform-specific ways. For example, it may find that one qubit is less noisy than another, so the algorithm prioritizes the use of better qubits.

In that case, machine learning uses a minimum of computing resources and a minimum of logic gates to create a general-purpose algorithm to compute the assigned tasks on that computer. With this optimization, the algorithm can run for a longer period of time.

This approach, which works in a limited setting on a quantum computer and is now available to the public on the cloud, also takes advantage of the superior capabilities of quantum computers to scale algorithms for big problems on the large quantum computers envisioned in the future.

New work on quantum algorithms will provide experts and non-experts alike with the tools to perform calculations on quantum computers. Application developers can begin to harness the potential of quantum computing to perform faster than the limits of traditional computing. These advancements may bring us closer to having powerful, reliable, large-scale quantum computers to solve complex real-world problems that will surpass even the fastest classical computers.

Quantum computers are used to operate and dismantle through the collision of quanta with each other and the electric currents generated. Its advantage is that it reduces the amount of chips used later and reduces costs. The speed of computing is fast, which greatly improves people's work efficiency.

The computer will be greatly reduced, reducing the cost of people in the office.

To put it simply, a quantum computer is a machine that can realize the calculation of quantum meters, and its advent can make human beings make breakthroughs in scientific fields such as quantum science, so as to improve the level of human science and technology.

The latest computing model of quantum computers. Quantum computers enable faster computation. Therefore, it will bring new changes to human technology.

Quantum computers haven't been made yet.

China's quantum computer has made a breakthrough, the quantum laboratory of the University of Science and Technology of China has successfully developed semiconductor quantum chips and quantum storage, quantum chips are equivalent to the brain of future quantum computers, and can realize the logical operation and information processing of quantum computers after successful development, and quantum storage is conducive to the realization of ultra-long-distance quantum state quantum information transmission.

At present, the development of traditional computers has gradually encountered a series of problems such as power consumption walls and communication walls, and the performance growth of traditional computers is becoming more and more difficult. As a result, there is a need for high-performance computing technologies that explore new physical principles.

Quantum computing is a new type of computing based on quantum effects. The basic principle is to use qubits as the basic unit of information encoding and storage, and complete the computational task through the controlled evolution of a large number of qubits.

Quantum computing is the most cutting-edge scientific technology, and China also needs to develop its own quantum computer. Quantum computers can show a country's capabilities, and quantum computers are also the treasure of the country in today's information age, so quantum computers are very capable of representing a country's information capabilities, so China also needs to independently develop a quantum computer that belongs to our country. <>

Quantum computers play a very important role in the research of new materials and financial analysis, and can also change our people's living habits and consumption, and the development of many fields can have a more far-reaching impact, so the country should independently develop quantum computers, which can have very high strategic value and is also conducive to enhancing the country's international reputation. <>

Now is also a critical period of China's great rejuvenation, and now it is also in a state of great change, so quantum computer is internationally recognized as an advanced technology, and China needs to continue to break through itself to form a qualitative leap, so that it can have a more long-term development in the national strategy. And foreign competition is also very fierce, so China also needs to spend a huge amount of money on quantum computing research and development, although the United States also plays a leading advantage in electronic computing, but in today's fierce competition in the international situation, we can not lag behind, "backward will be beaten", at the same time we can not afford this price, so in the face of today's foreign competition situation, we also need to develop quantum computers, which is also an urgent thing. <>

China's research on quantum computing is very active, but China has fewer publications on quantum computing than the United States, and China's quantum technology research and development also needs to rely on ** funding to carry out. As a result, China will play a very small role in the development of quantum computers, and China can almost be in a state of equilibrium with the United States in quantum computing, but it is still very backward in other aspects, because the United States is still far ahead in the field of quantum communication. Therefore, China also needs to make technological breakthroughs and continue to make efforts to invest on a larger scale.