How to fertilize according to the nutrient status of the soil in agricultural production?

According to the different soil parent materials and the size of soil particles, it can generally be divided into three types: sandy soil, clay and loam.

Sandy soil: large soil particles, large voids, strong air permeability, low organic matter content, no aggregate structure, no colloid, poor fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, strong water permeability, large water evaporation, not drought resistance, sandy soil suitable for planting drought-resistant crops, such as: peanuts, sweet potatoes, cotton, pasture, pears, peaches, apricots, plums, etc.

Clay: clay particles are small, porosity is small, air permeability is poor, colloidal is more, fertilizer retention, water retention, drought resistance, waterlogging, and not easy to cultivate. It is difficult to plant crops, and clay soil is suitable for planting grasses such as wheat, corn, rice and broad-leaved forests.

Loam: The particles of loam are between sand and clay, there are more aggregate colloids in the soil, the colloidal adsorption capacity is strong, that is, breathable and permeable, the fertilizer and water retention capacity is strong, the organic matter and humus content in the soil is large, the microorganisms in the soil are active, the soil fertility is strong, and the loam is suitable for planting a variety of crops, fruit trees and trees.

According to the characteristics of three types of soils: sandy soil and clay soil, people need to adopt agricultural measures to transform in order to be suitable for better growth of crops and obtain better economic yields. The way to transform sandy soil and clay soil is to increase the application of organic matter fertilizer, increase the content of organic matter, improve the physical and chemical structure of sandy soil and clay, increase the aggregate structure, the formation of aggregate colloids, and improve the soil fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capacity.

How do you deal with your situation in two parts of the volunteer association this aspect can be properly fertilized according to the composition of the soil.

1.Soil nutrient deficiency and deterioration of quality

Due to the improvement of agricultural production level and multiple cropping index, people's neglect of organic fertilizer, irrational use of chemical fertilizers, etc., the quality of cultivated land has shown a downward trend, which is comprehensively manifested in the continuous decline of soil basic fertility compared with the 80s of the 20th century (the decrease of soil nutrient content such as soil organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium), the deterioration of soil physical properties (such as the increase of shallow bulk density of cultivated layer), the decline of soil buffering capacity, and the aggravation of various pollution, which have obviously restricted the sustainable development of agriculture.

2.Cultivated land is degraded and polluted, and the loss of cultivated land still exists

1 3 percent of China's cultivated land is harmed by soil erosion, 16% of the cultivated land polluted by industrial "three wastes", township enterprises, and pesticides, and the soil polluted by heavy metals exceeds 100 million km. According to the results of the land change survey provided by the Ministry of Land and Resources, as of October 31, 2006, China's cultivated land area was 100 million mu, close to the warning line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land in China.

Western scholars believe that if the cultivated land area does not reach 6 mu per capita, it will be difficult to solve the food problem in a long-term and reasonable way, and China's land carrying capacity (the maximum population carrying capacity on limited land) has long exceeded the limit. Cultivated land is the essence of the country's land, on the one hand, the carrying capacity of cultivated land has exceeded the limit, on the other hand, cultivated land is still rapidly decreasing, whether the limited cultivated land resources can be protected, directly affects the sustainable development of China's agriculture.

3.Chemical fertilizer resources are in short supply, and organic fertilizer resources are wasted

While actively increasing fertilizer input and achieving remarkable results, China's fertilizer resources are facing a shortage situation. There are fewer and fewer non-renewable energy sources such as coal, coke and natural gas for the production of ammonia feedstock; Although China's phosphate rock resources are relatively abundant, the distribution of phosphate rock is unbalanced, and the grade is low, accounting for about 85% of the phosphate rock is concentrated in the five provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei in the southwest and central and southern regions, forming a situation of "rich in the south and poor in the north" and "phosphorus in the south and transported to the north", which is not conducive to agricultural production.

On the one hand, China's potash fertilizer resources are quite poor, mainly distributed in Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces, China's potash mines are very few, the grade is too low, flotation is difficult, and large-scale production has not been achieved, and potash fertilizer is mainly imported from Canada and Russia and other foreign countries. On the other hand, the development of the economy has led to the rise of the aquaculture industry, and large-scale farms produce a large number of organic fertilizer resources such as livestock and poultry manure, which are stacked at will and not fully utilized, resulting in environmental pollution and serious waste of nutrient resources.

There is a particularly serious problem, many people use soap at one time, which will damage the soil later, and will also lead to a large reduction in the yield of agricultural products, which may affect the fertility of the soil.

The current problem is that the utilization rate of fertilizer is not very high, the damage to the soil is relatively large, the use of fertilizer is very wasteful, there is no correct use of fertilizer, and there is no careful operation when using fertilizer.

The problems existing in the utilization of soil fertilizer are: the fertilizer utilization rate is not high, the fertilizer use method is incorrect, the fertilizer use is too much, the chemical fertilizer material is too large, and the organic fertilizer is used less.

Much of today's agricultural production relies on chemical fertilizers, and large amounts of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are used, which will lead to a decrease in soil fertility. Straw returning can actually be used to purify the soil.

China is a big agricultural country, but also a developing country, China's crops are relatively rich, because there are more plains, so fertilizer in the field is essential, like wheat, corn, peanuts, soybeans and other common crops, there is no good fertilizer, our farmers can not have a bumper harvest every year, then, generally our dealers are applied what effective fertilizers? First of all, urea fertilizer, which is indispensable, contains high-quality nitrogen, which is conducive to improving the effect of increasing yield. The second is potash fertilizer, which also has trace elements in potash fertilizer, which has a strong ability to adapt to the environment, which can improve the yield and quality of crops and make crops better absorb and grow.

Then there is phosphate fertilizer, the role of chemical fertilizer can provide nutrients and water, and it is relatively cheap, but it should be controlled within a reasonable range, and the application of more chemical fertilizer is easy to cause crops to die due to overnutrition.

First, urea, it is a relatively volatile fertilizer, so when we apply urea, after the rain, when the soil is soft, so that urea is more easily absorbed by plants and crops on the soil surface, urea should be used in the middle of crops during use, which is to promote growth, is an additional fertilizer for crops, and the utilization effect is very good.

Second, potassium fertilizer, the lack of potassium fertilizer in crops is easy to make crop leaves green, leaves soft, of course, potassium fertilizer is to protect and regulate the activity of nutrients, control the nutrients and water of crops, etc., but potassium fertilizer can be relatively expensive for long-term storage, and it is more suitable to apply potassium fertilizer for fruits and vegetables.

Third, phosphate fertilizer, most of our country's dealers will often apply phosphate fertilizer, its contribution to our country is relatively large, can ensure the food safety of crops, more reliable, the most important thing is to promote the development of seedlings, so that crop particles are full, increase cold resistance, but also the preferred fertilizer for crops to take root and sprout.

You should choose some animal manure, and you should also choose some compound fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and nitrogen fertilizers. This is very important, as long as there are these fertilizers, crops can grow well regardless of the **.

When choosing fertilizer, you should first consider what fertilizer you need, such as growing wheat, corn, rice, citrus, vegetables or apple trees, etc., each crop needs different fertilizer characteristics at each stage.

You can choose phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, or you can choose farmhouse fertilizer, you can also choose cow manure, which can also improve the fertility of the soil and promote the growth and development of plants.

Urea, phosphate, potassium, and nitrogen fertilizers are all OK, depending on the content of the land, animal manure can also be used.

The fertilization principle of rational fertilization is: organic fertilizer is the mainstay, supplemented by other fertilizers, mainly multi-element compound fertilizers, supplemented by single-element fertilizers; It is mainly based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing. It is forbidden to apply garbage fertilizer and urban sludge on vegetables, and try to limit the application of chemical fertilizers.

The following principles must be mastered when applying chemical fertilizers: the use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited; The amount of pure nitrogen should be controlled within 10 15 kg per mu per mu according to different types of vegetables and maturity period, and chemical fertilizers should be applied in conjunction with organic fertilizer as much as possible, and the ratio of organic nitrogen fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in the soil of general fertility should not be less than 1:1; Use foliar sprays sparingly; Top dressing is taken to protect the head and attack the middle and control the tail, and the last application of fertilizer should be carried out 20-30 days before harvest.

Rational use of fertilizers in the production of agricultural products.

1. Choose the right fertilizer according to the characteristics of the soil Agricultural practitioners should do a good job in the analysis of local soil quality, and choose reasonable fertilizers according to the different characteristics of soil quality. If the soil is acidic, then use more organic or potash fertilizers, etc., and minimize the use of nitrogen fertilizers. For those places that have been planted for many years, it is best to use alkaline calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers to further adjust the pH of the soil.

2 Choose fertilizers according to the nutritional characteristics of crops Different crops have different nutrient requirements, and the nutrient requirements and quantities of the same type of crops at different growth stages will also be different; There are also large differences in the absorption capacity of various fertilizers for different types of crops. Therefore, all agricultural practitioners must pay attention to these aspects. Generally speaking, ammonium nitrate or calcium nitrate fertilizers are mostly used in the growth process of nitrate-loving vegetables; Fresh vegetables, such as potatoes, should not be treated with nitrogen-containing fertilizers; Chinese cabbage and other vegetables are best to use superphosphate and calcium nitrate.

3 Choose fertilizer according to the growth stage of crops Crops need different fertilizers at different growth stages. In the initial planting period, it is best to choose the kind of neutral and high-concentration compound fertilizer; For irrigation and fertilization, it is best to choose fertilizers with high concentration and easy to dissolve, such as urea; In the topdressing stage, you can choose fast-acting fertilizers with higher concentrations.

4. The use of organic fertilizers and fertilizers should be strengthened The use of organic fertilizers can not only promote the growth of the plant, but also help protect the environment and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. And chemical fertilizer is one of the indispensable fertilizers in the growth process.

1。The principle of combining organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers.

2。The principle of combining long-acting fertilizer with fast-acting fertilizer.

3。The principle of combining large and medium trace elements.

4。It must be combined with soil conditioning.

5。Beneficial bacteria must be supplemented in moderation.

The application methods are: sprinkling, flushing, basal application, nest application, leaf spraying, drip irrigation, micro sprinkler irrigation, furrow application, etc.

The amount of fertilizer is small and can avoid nutrients being fixed by the soil, which is economical and effective fertilization method ().

a.Foliar sprays.

b.Drip irrigation top dressing.

c.Sprinkler irrigation top dressing.

d.Rush to give way to the stalk.

Correct Answer: a

Yes, there are different factors to consider when calculating the amount of fertilizer to be applied. First, it is necessary to understand the nutrient content of the soil and the demand of the crop. The amount of various nutrients in the soil can be determined through soil testing, while the demand for crops can be determined by research or consulting with agricultural experts.

Secondly, the growth stage of the crop also needs to be considered. Different crops have different nutrient requirements at different stages of growth. For example, in the early stage of growth, crops often need more nitrogen fertilizer to promote leaf growth. During flowering and fruiting, crops usually need more phosphate and potassium fertilizers to promote flower bud and fruit development.

In addition, the texture and drainage of the soil need to be considered. Different textures of soil have different ability to retain and release nutrients, and poorly drained soils can lead to nutrient loss. Therefore, when calculating the amount of fertilizer, it needs to be adjusted according to the characteristics of the soil.

Finally, environmental considerations and sustainability also need to be considered. Excessive fertilization may lead to the loss of nutrients to groundwater or water bodies, causing pollution to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably control the amount of fertilizer applied when fertilizing and avoid excessive use of chemical fertilizers.

In summary, the amount of fertilization needs to be calculated taking into account the chain nutrient content of the soil, the demand of the crop, the stage of growth, soil texture and drainage, as well as environmental factors and sustainability.

Summary. The second is to fertilize in stages. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied to 60% to 70% when cultivated land, and the rest of nitrogen fertilizer is used as top dressing, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are used as base fertilizer.

The third is to fertilize the soil and water. The fertilizer retention capacity of heavy soil texture is stronger, and the proportion of bottom fertilizer can be appropriately larger. The fertilizer retention ability of light soil texture is weak, the proportion of bottom fertilizer is smaller, and the number of top dressing is more; The proportion of base fertilizer with good irrigation conditions is smaller, the proportion of bottom fertilizer with poor irrigation conditions is larger, and all of them can be used as base fertilizer without watering conditions. Fourth, foliar fertilizer spraying.

Foliar spraying is strongly advocated when spraying pesticides or fungicides on crops with high economic benefits.

Scientific formula fertilization, combined with the actual situation of local farmland, what is reasonably arranged, dear, hello, according to your questions, to provide you with the following, only for reference: First, formula fertilization. Organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer matching, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micro matching.

On the basis of the implementation of straw returning to the field, 2000 2500kg of organic fertilizer was added per mu to deepen the tilling layer, improve the aeration porosity of the soil, and enhance the soil fertilizer retention capacity.

The second is to fertilize in stages. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied to 60% to 70% when cultivated land, and the rest of nitrogen fertilizer is used as top dressing, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. The third is to fertilize the soil and water.

The fertilizer retention capacity of heavy soil texture is stronger, and the proportion of bottom fertilizer can be appropriately larger. The ability of Baoting to apply fertilizer is weak, the proportion of bottom fertilizer is smaller, and the number of top dressing is more. The proportion of filial piety fertilizer with good irrigation conditions is smaller, the proportion of bottom fertilizer with poor irrigation conditions is larger, and all of them can be used as base fertilizer without watering conditions. Fourth, foliar fertilizer spraying. Foliar spraying is strongly advocated when spraying pesticides or fungicides on crops with high economic benefits.