Characteristics of changes in social life customs in the late Qing Dynasty

The change of modern folklore is an important part of the change of modern society, and it has always been related to the transformation of modern society. The changes in modern folklore involve all corners and levels of society. The following is a glimpse of the changes in modern folk customs from the aspects of etiquette, clothing, weddings and funerals.

1) Changes in ceremonial customs: For a long time after the Opium War, traditional social rituals and ritual customs, including titles and greeting ceremonies, still dominated the society. When people meet, they should bow their hands, run to worship, and greet each other.

In line with this, there is also a set of titles such as "adult", "lord", "wife", and "old lady". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in the coastal trade areas, influenced by the Western concept of equality, the new intellectuals gradually adopted the methods of meeting with each other, such as shaking hands and bowing, and replacing the previous titles with "Mr.", "Madam", "Miss", and "Comrade". The use of "sir" and "gentleman" reflects the equal relationship between people in modern society.

In short, new rituals such as taking off hats, bowing, shaking hands, and applauding have gradually become the usual "civilized rituals" and "civilized rituals" in China, reflecting the progressive trend of social etiquette.

2) Changes in clothing customs: In the Qing Dynasty, Chinese costumes were mainly long robes and horse coats, while women wore cheongsam. Clothing has the characteristics of strict hierarchy and praise clothing, which are very incompatible with the equality requirements of modern people and the increasing pace of life.

Advocate "easy service". At the beginning of the 20th century, when young people wore suits.

and multiply. Hu Hanmin in 1903.

Wuzhou Middle School in Guangxi, where he teaches, allows students to "wear foreign clothes and dress Confucius and Mencius" during the New Year's Festival. At that time, "foreign" international students were more likely to wear Western clothes. After the death of the Qing Dynasty, there was a "dress fever", in Tongdu Dayi, people "tend to change the foreign clothes and hats, and the number of them is unknown", in remote towns, "civil and military dresses, crowns with felt, shoes with leather, completely European".

In short, the Western element in Chinese clothing is constantly increasing. It is worth mentioning that the tunics.

It is the most typical symbol of the combination of modern Chinese and Western clothing.

3.Changes in wedding and funeral customs: Weddings are a form of folk customs that marks and celebrates marriage.

The main form of marriage of the Han nationality in modern times is still feudal arranged marriage. Influenced by the concept of equality between men and women and Western marriage customs, in the fifties and sixties of the 19th century, a small number of scholars and doctors who had close contacts with foreigners used Western rites to marry. Guangxu.

During the years, in the more economically developed areas, there was a phenomenon of marriage without asking about wealth, and Western-style weddings gradually became influential. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, civilized marriage became popular in large cities and coastal treaty ports. Civilized marriage, except for the fact that the wedding venue is not in the church and the priest does not need to officiate the marriage, many ceremonies are roughly transplanted from Western rites, although mixed with traditional Chinese weddings.

but essentially Westernized in spirit and form. In short, the popularity of "civilized marriage" in treaty ports and coastal towns in modern times reflects the changes in Chinese marriage customs and represents the correct direction of the changes in marriage customs in the late Qing Dynasty.

There are many changes in modern Chinese social customs, and here are some of the most important ones:

1.Marital autonomy: Before modern times, marriage in China was subject to strict parental and matchmaker arrangements, and marital autonomy was greatly restricted.

In modern society, with the development of educational concepts and the awakening of personal freedom consciousness, young people began to advocate the autonomy of marriage and gradually got rid of the shackles of feudal etiquette. In modern China, free love through marriage has been widely practiced, and marital autonomy has become the mainstream.

2.Abolish the imperial examination system: The imperial examination system is a way of selecting the best in ancient China, which has been implemented for nearly 2,000 years.

In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, due to the increasing exposure of the disadvantages of the imperial examination system and the introduction of democratic ideas, the imperial examination system was finally abolished and replaced by a selection method based on academic and educational background.

3.Abolition of foot binding: Ancient Chinese society practiced three virtues and four virtues for women, and foot binding was a manifestation of women's oppression.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, with the progress of society, people realized the harm of foot binding and the injustice to women, began to preach women's liberation, and gradually abolished the custom of foot binding.

4.Equality between men and women: In the past, women had a low status and limited rights. In modern China, the concept of equality between men and women has gradually been accepted, and women's rights have been guaranteed, especially in the fields of education, politics and economy.

5.Educational reform: Modern society has abandoned the disadvantages of ancient imperial examination education, accepted Western science and technology and modern educational ideas, and gradually established a modern education system.

6.Changes in clothing: Traditional costumes are gradually replaced by modern Chinese and Western costumes, such as robes and cheongsams.

7.The collapse of the feudal family system: In modern times, with the development of modernization and the awakening of human rights awareness, the feudal family system has gradually collapsed, and people have begun to pursue a democratic, equal, harmonious and healthy family life.

8.The impact of abandonment of theism and feudal superstition, including traditional religions, has gradually raised the concept of democracy and science in modern states.

In short, there have been many changes in modern social customs, and the remnants of feudalism have gradually been impacted by modern science and democratic ideas, and the people's concepts have undergone tremendous changes. People are paying more and more attention to personal dignity and rights, and pursuing a simple and happy life.

Modern Chinese social customs have undergone many changes and stupidity, and here are some of the main changes:

Marriage customs and family values: Traditional arranged marriages are gradually decreasing, and individuals have more freedom to choose who to marry. The concept of equality between men and women is widely promoted, and the relationship between husband and wife is more equal and cooperative. The family structure has also changed, with the nuclear family gradually replacing the extended family.

Etiquette and etiquette: With the advancement of modernization, some traditional etiquette and etiquette began to fade. For example, older people are no longer required to bow when they walk; Some cumbersome forms of salutation are gradually decreasing in daily life.

Conception of childbearing: The implementation of the one-child policy has led to many changes in population control. There has also been a shift in the perception of childbearing, with more and more families preferring small families and dual-income families.

The concept of filial piety: The traditional concept of filial piety still exists, but with the development of social economy and the improvement of education level, the way of honoring parents has changed. People pay more attention to companionship and care, rather than just material provisions.

Ways to socialize: With the popularity of the internet and socializing**, the way of socializing has changed. People are communicating and communicating more through online platforms, and there are fewer opportunities for traditional face-to-face interactions.

Eating habits: Due to urbanization and the influence of Western culture, there have also been some changes in eating habits. Convenience foods such as fast food and takeaway are becoming more popular, and people's acceptance of Western food and international cuisine is increasing.

These are some of the main aspects of the changes in modern Chinese social customs, and of course there are many other changes, which are closely related to factors such as the development of economic consumption, scientific and technological progress, and social transformation.

The root cause: Modern China was forcibly wrapped up in the wave of Western-style modernization by the Western imperialist powers, and Western affairs, systems, and ideas poured into China like a tide.

Objective reasons: 1. In terms of economy, since the beginning of China's economic modernization process after the Westernization Movement, industrialization will change the appearance of society.

2. In terms of politics, the reform movement promoted the changes in the social and political system, at least the feudal rule in China was loosened, and the reform of the political system could not be underestimated for the promotion of the later Xinhai Revolution.

3. The influx of Western trends of thought in modern times has brought about changes in people's ideological concepts, and changes in ideological concepts will inevitably bring about changes in all aspects of social life and customs.

Extended tremor response information

1. Emancipate the mind

On May 11, 1978, Guangming ** published a special commentator's article "Practice is the Only Criterion for Testing Truth" on the front page, which triggered a nationwide debate on the issue of the criterion of truth.

Second, the open pattern.

1. China's opening-up pattern.

China's opening up to the outside world has developed from the coastal areas to the hinterland, forming a pattern of all-round, multi-level, and wide-ranging opening up to the outside world, such as special economic zones, coastal open cities, coastal economic open zones, and inland areas.

Look at the past, compare the present

It is from a feudal society to a democratic society.

Lu Xun's shout, hesitating, you can find it and take a look.

After the Opium War, as Western capitalist political, economic and cultural forces entered China, causing drastic changes in Chinese society, along with this, the Chinese people also began unprecedented profound changes in material life and social customs.