What is more prominent in the application of halogenated hydrocarbons?

Polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, you can look up these applications on the Internet, which are widely used.

The first is to do anesthesia-related such as tetrafluoroethane or chloroform, and the second is to dilute and extract organic solvents such as dichloromethane.

and chlorometathane, and the third is alkylated or halogenated with organic compounds such as methyl bromide and methyl iodomethane.

Wait. <>

Generally speaking, halogenated hydrocarbons can be used as fire extinguishing agents, refrigerants, aerosols, dry cleaning agents, solvents, etc., and have a wide range of uses. Certain halides, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are also one of the main causes of air pollution, causing the destruction of the ozone layer and increasing the intensity of ultraviolet radiation on the earth's surface. Different halogenated hydrocarbons have different uses, and the difference in sources is not small.

Generally speaking, halogenated hydrocarbons can be used as fire extinguishing agents, refrigerants, aerosols, dry cleaning agents, solvents, etc., and are widely used. Certain halides, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are also one of the main causes of air pollution, which can lead to the destruction of the oxygen layer ,..

1. Hydrolysis reaction: R-X+HOHR=OH+HXIn the reaction, the halogen atom in the halogenated hydrocarbon molecule is replaced by the hydroxyl group in the water molecule. The reaction proceeds slowly and is reversible.

If the aqueous solution of a strong alkali is used for hydrolysis, this reaction can be carried out to the right, because the hydrogen halide produced in the reaction is neutralized by the alkali, which is conducive to the reaction to hydrolysis.

2. Elimination reaction: RCH CH X + KOHRCH = CH + KX + H O In this reaction, the alkyl halide is heated in the alcohol solution of the alkali, which can remove a hydrogen halide molecule and form an olefin.

1) Halogenation is carried out directly with hydrocarbons and halogens, which has the disadvantage of poor selectivity and complex products.

2) Addition of olefins and hydrogen halides.

3) Substitution reaction between alcohols and hydrogen halides.

4) Other by-products of the reaction, such as chloromethane, a by-product of the production of silicones.

The properties of halogenated hydrocarbons are divided into physical and chemical properties, which are detailed as follows:

1. Physical properties: basically not similar to hydrocarbons, the rest of the low-level is liquid, and the high-level is solid. Their boiling point increases with the increase in the number of carbon and halogen atoms in the molecule, with the exception of fluorinated hydrocarbons and the increase in the number of halogen atoms.

The density decreases as the number of carbon atoms increases. The density of monofluorohydrocarbons and monochlorinated hydrocarbons is generally smaller than that of water, and the density of bromocarbons, iodine hydrocarbons and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons is greater than that of water. The vast majority of halogenated hydrocarbons are insoluble or have little solubility in water, but they are soluble in many organic solvents.

2. Boiling point: The boiling point of isomers of halogenated hydrocarbons decreases with the increase of the branching chain in the hydrocarbon group. The boiling point of different halogenated hydrocarbons of the same hydrocarbon group increases with the increase of the relative atomic mass of the halogen atoms.

3. Chemical properties: halogenated hydrocarbons are an important class of organic synthesis intermediates, which are the raw materials for many organic synthesis, and it can undergo many chemical reactions, such as substitution reaction, elimination reaction, etc. Iodine is the most prone to substitution reactions, followed by bromoalkanes, chlorinated alkanes, and aryl and vinyl halides are difficult to have similar reactions due to the strong carbon-halogen bond connection.

Halogenated hydrocarbons can undergo a decomposition reaction to remove hydrogen halide under the action of alkalis to form carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-carbon triple bonds.

4. Ethyl bromide and strong alkali potassium hydroxide are coheated with ethanol to generate ethylene, potassium bromide and water. The halogenated hydrocarbons follow the Chaitsev rule when the halogenated hydrocarbons are eliminated from the hypothermia. In addition to the reaction of dehalogenation, o-dihalogen compounds can also undergo dehalogenation reaction to form olefins under the action of zinc powder or nickel powder.

Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons can be hydrolyzed in alkaline aqueous solution to form alcohol, and the elimination reaction occurs in alkaline alcohol solution to form alkene, while it is more difficult to make aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons in segment beating.

Summary. The addition reaction of prophilic olefins to halogenated hydrocarbons is a common organic chemical reaction, and its products mainly depend on the structure of olefins and halogenated hydrocarbons. Ethylene and methyl chloride are used as examples below to illustrate their adduct products.

1.Addition reaction of ethylene and chloromethane Ethylene is a colorless, volatile gas, while methyl chloride is a colorless and transparent liquid. They can undergo addition reactions under the right conditions to produce different products.

The addition reaction of prophilic olefin flushing back with halogenated hydrocarbons is a common organic chemical reaction, and its products mainly depend on the structure of olefins and halogenated hydrocarbons. Ethylene and methyl chloride are used as examples below to illustrate their adduct products. 1.

Addition reaction of ethylene and chloromethane Ethylene is a colorless, volatile gas, while methyl chloride is a colorless coarse and transparent liquid. Under the right conditions, they can undergo addition reactions to produce different products in lithography.

The specific reaction formula is as follows: ch2 = ch2 + ch3cl ch3ch2cl According to the above reaction formula, it can be seen that ethylene and chloromethane have an addition reaction to form ethyl chloride. This is because the chlorine atom in the chloromethane attacks a carbon atom on the ethylene double bond and replaces itself to form a new molecule.

In addition to the above, there are other different types of olefins that are additionally reacted with halogenated hydrocarbons, and their products are also different. For example, when butadiene reacts with hydrogen bromide (HBR), 2-bromobutane is formed.

When nonadiene undergoes an addition reaction with cuprous chloride (CuCl), 9-chlorohexadiene is formed. - When cyclopentadiene is added to boron trifluoride (BF3), 4,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentadiene is formed.

Is there anything wrong with the pro.