Explain a natural or living phenomenon with biochemical principles or concepts

The most obvious one is probably the digester!

1. The working principle of the biogas digester: when the biogas is generated in the pool, the biogas in the gas storage room continues to increase, and the pressure continues to increase, forcing the liquid level in the main tank to drop and squeezing out a part of the material liquid into the water pressure room. When people turn on the stove, the pressure in the digester gradually drops, and the liquid flows back to the main pond between the water pressure.

In this way, the gas is continuously produced and used, so that the pressure balance between the fermentation room and the discharge room is always maintained.

2. Principle of biogas fermentation:

The process of microbial metabolism is called fermentation, which refers to the process of organic substances under certain moisture, temperature and anaerobic conditions, through the catabolism of various microorganisms, and finally the process of biogas. There are three stages to this process:

1) Liquefaction stage: provide nutrients for methanogens and create suitable anaerobic conditions for methanogens to eliminate some poisons.

2) Acid-producing stage.

3) Methanogenic stage: methanogenic flora, using the small molecule compounds decomposed and transformed in the above two steps to generate methane.

P.S. The fermentation room and gas storage room are called the main pool.

The function of the water pressure room is to store the material and liquid extruded from the main pool; Second, it plays the role of pressing out the biogas when using gas.

Let's take the common, steamed buns! Baking soda (NaHCO3) is used to release CO2 when heated

Practical application.

1. Medical biochemistry.

The study of the biochemical problems of some common diseases and diseases that seriously endanger human health can help to prevent, diagnose and **. For example, the electrophoretic spectrum of creatine kinase isoenzyme in serum is used for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, aminotransferase is used for the diagnosis of liver disease, and amylase is used for the diagnosis of pancreatitis.

In terms of **, the discovery of sulfonamides has opened up a new field of the use of antimetabolites as chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil for **tumors. The discovery of penicillin ushered in a new era of antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs, coupled with the widespread use of various vaccines, so that many infectious diseases that seriously endanger human health have been controlled or basically eliminated.

The combination of biochemistry theories and methods with clinical practice has given rise to many fields of medical biochemistry, such as: pathological biochemistry to study physiological dysregulation and metabolic disorders, biochemical pharmacology centered on enzyme activity, hormone action and metabolic pathways, immunology and biochemistry related to organ transplantation and vaccine development, etc.

2. Agricultural biochemistry.

Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline fisheries, and fisheries involve a large number of biochemical problems. For example, the identification of various chemical and biological pesticides used to control plant pests and diseases, as well as pathogens; biochemical analysis for the selection and cultivation of improved crop varieties; peptide hormones used in the artificial breeding of domestic fish; Fermented feed for livestock, etc.

With the further development of biochemical research, it is not only expected that genetic engineering technology can be used to obtain new animal and plant varieties and achieve nitrogen fixation of food crops; Moreover, it is possible to fundamentally change the face of agricultural production on the basis of mastering the mechanism of photosynthesis.

3. Industrial biochemistry.

Biochemistry has shown its power in industries such as fermentation, food, textiles, pharmaceuticals, leather, etc. For example, the tanning and hair removal of leather, the degumming of silk, and the sizing of cotton cloth have all replaced the old process with enzymatic methods. Modern fermentation industry, biological products and pharmaceutical industry, including antibiotics, organic solvents, organic acids, amino acids, enzyme preparations, hormones, blood products and vaccines, have created considerable economic value, especially the application of immobilized enzymes and immobilized cell technology has promoted the development of enzyme industry and fermentation industry.

Since the 70s, a lot of attention has been paid to bioengineering. The use of genetic engineering techniques to produce valuable drugs, including some hormones, interferons, and vaccines, has made rapid progress. The use of genetic engineering and cell fusion techniques to improve industrial microbial strains will not only increase yields, but also potentially create new antimicrobial hybrids.

The gene cloning of some important industrial enzymes, such as amylase, cellulase, penicillinylase, etc., has been successful, and will bring greater economic benefits after it is officially put into production.

Clothing: A lot of the clothes we wear are made of chemical fiber.

Food: Growing food is inseparable from chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Housing: The building materials are all chemical products.

OK: Chemistry is indispensable in the manufacture of various vehicle materials.

The friend upstairs seriously twisted the landlord to solve the landlord.

The meaning of the source, so-called.

Biochemistry, simply put, is the chemical changes that occur in living organisms, and now biochemistry is more widely used in pharmaceutical science, the application of biochemistry to overcome the mystery of proteins, and the world's difficult genetic diseases, according to my understanding, biochemistry is gradually entering your life!

The phenomenon of mutual benefit and symbiosis.

Mutualism is a very common biological phenomenon, which refers to two organisms living together and benefiting each other, and after the two are separated, the lives of both parties will be greatly affected, or even unable to live and die.

2.Aphids and ants.

Aphids live on the sap of the plant's locust sap, and their feces are rich in sugar, known as "honeydew". Ants love to eat honeydew very much, and they will take the initiative to protect aphids and create a good living environment for them, and the two are mutually beneficial.

Applicable theme: win-win cooperation, win-win.

3.Termites and intestinal flagellates.

Termites feed on wood, but they cannot digest cellulose on their own, and must rely on the enzymes secreted by the flagellates in the intestines to digest cellulose in order to break down cellulose, and the decomposed product can be used by both parties.

Applicable theme: win-win cooperation, win-win.

4.Human and human intestinal flora.

In general, the human intestinal flora is large enough to block and inhibit the invasion of foreign intestinal pathogenic bacteria, and also provide people with nutrients such as vitamins B1, B2, B12, K, and folic acid. The human gut provides a good habitat for these microorganisms. Vitamin deficiency occurs when a person takes broad-spectrum antibiotics for a long time and causes the normal flora in the intestine to become dysbiosis.

Applicable theme: win-win cooperation, win-win.

5.Anemones and clownfish.

Sea anemones have toxins that can kill other animals that come close, but they "open the net" to clownfish. Clownfish are petite and docile, lacking the ability to defend against enemies, and are the target of many marine creatures. They often use sea anemones as a base to feed in their surroundings, and when they are in danger, they immediately hide among the anemones' tentacles for protection.

Trappers who break in will be killed by anemones with their venomous tentacles. In this way, the anemone protects the clownfish, and the clownfish attracts food for the anemones, and both parties benefit each other.

Applicable theme: win-win cooperation, win-win.

6.Ant plants.

Ant plants refer to plants that live in symbiosis with ants and are characterized by mutual benefit and symbiosis; For example, the horned acacia tree, which is inhabited by ants whose swollen leaf thorns are inhabited by ants who lay eggs in the leaf thorns, and the ant colony roams the branches and leaves, feeding on the nectar secreted by the crest glands of the petioles. Ants can secrete a venom that causes other insects or herbivores to feel trapped and in severe pain when touched.

This mutually beneficial symbiosis makes this acacia tree grow quickly and abundantly in the local area.

Applicable theme: win-win cooperation, win-win.

7.Clean the fish.

The Clean Fish is a small, colorful fish that lives in the ocean, designed to clean the big fish. When a large fish opens its mouth, a small clean fish can burrow into its mouth, throat and between its teeth to remove food debris, bacteria and microorganisms and parasites. These "clean" filths are the food that clean fish depend on for survival.

In this way, the clean fish and the big fish coexist in harmony with each other.

Applicable theme: win-win cooperation, win-win.

8.Rhizobia and legumes.

The root of the leguminous plant has a rhizobia in its roots. Rhizobia can absorb nitrogen from the air and solidify it into nitrogen fertilizer for plants, which meets the needs of leguminous leaf growth. Legumes supply rhizobia.

1. Enzyme laundry detergent uses the principle of enzyme catalysis to wash away blood stains and other protein stains on clothes. This is due to the addition of protease and other hydrolyzed protein enzymes in the enzyme laundry detergent, which can form intermediate products with the substrate, which greatly reduces the activation energy of protein hydrolysis, and removes protein hydrolysis and stains.

2. Pesticide pesticide pest removal uses the principle of protein denaturation to remove pests. This is due to the physical and chemical factors of pesticides that change or destroy the spatial conformation of protein molecules in the pests, resulting in the loss of their biological activity and the change of some physical and chemical properties, which will kill the pests.

Cows eat grass and milk is milk.

The biological nucleus starts chemistry from what level ** life changes or as the essence of the phenomenon () aAtomic level.

b.The molecular level is good.

c.Cellular level.

d.Overall level.

Correct answer: B

Summary. Good afternoon, dear, I'm glad to answer for you. <>

Some foods contain a variety of biologically active compounds, which can cause various biological effects when they interact with the body, called bioactive substances. There are many types of them, including sugars, lipids, protein polypeptides, sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, and many more. They are mainly found in plant foods and are beneficial and harmful to people.

Explain the mode of existence and characteristics of biologically active substances. Please give an example to illustrate.

Good afternoon, dear, I'm glad to answer for you. <>

Some foods contain a variety of biologically active compounds, which can cause various biological effects when they interact with the body, called bioactive substances. There are many types of them, including sugars, lipids, protein polypeptides, sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, and many more. They are mainly found in plant foods and are beneficial and harmful to people.

Polysaccharides are polymer compounds formed by the linking of many monosaccharides by their former bonds. After the hydrolysis of a molecular polysaccharide, hundreds of thousands, or even tens of thousands of monosaccharide molecules can be generated. So, multiple examples:

The relative molecular mass of polysaccharides is very large, generally in excess of tens of thousands of carbon units. Polysaccharides are widely distributed in the biological world, and some polysaccharides are substances that constitute the skeleton of animals and plants, such as cellulose, chitin, etc.; Some polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, are nutrient reserves in animals and plants; Glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids that have important physiological functions in living organisms contain polysaccharides or oligosaccharides. Some of the polysaccharides existing in nature, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose, produce only one monosaccharide - glucose after hydrolysis, and this kind of polysaccharide is called homopolysaccharide or homopolysaccharide; Another type of polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, sulfate**, heparin and other proteoglycans, the final hydrolysate is more than two monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives, such polysaccharides are called heteropolysaccharides.

Because the proteoglycan molecule contains a large number of repeated disaccharide structural units, it is also called glycosaminoglycan.

Terpenoids: Terpenoids are a class of compounds derived from pentaldihydroxy acid, and the basic carbon frame is mostly compounds with two or more isoprene unit structures. Terpenoids are widely found in the biological world, and are widely found in higher plants, fungi and bryophytes, with a total of about 30,000 species. A considerable number of terpenoids have a bitter taste, and the bitter taste of Chinese herbs is mostly due to its existence, so it was once called "bitters".

There are many types of terpenoids, different properties, and various pharmacological activities, such as anti-fertility coriander A, oleanolic acid that promotes hepatocyte regeneration, antibacterial andrographolide, anti-tumor paclitaxel, anti-inflammatory borneol, and paeoniflorin that dilates coronary arteries. The scientific research team led by scientist Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Biology and Medicine for the first time for China for the discovery of the antimalarial ingredient artemisinin, which belongs to terpenoids.