Appendix to the British Magna Carta, what is the British Magna Carta?

The Magna Carta (Latin Magna Carter, English greatest charter) was a British constitution established in 1215 to limit the absolute power of the English king (mainly John at the time). The main reason for the Magna Carta was the disagreement between the Pope, King John and the feudal aristocracy about royal power. Magna Carta required the royal family to relinquish some of its powers and to respect the judicial process and accept that royal power was limited by law.

Magna Carta was the beginning of a long historical process of establishing constitutional politics in England.

Britain is a country without a written constitution. Their constitution consisted of a series of documents and acts, the foundation of which was the Magna Carta, signed by the King and the nobles of England on June 15, 1215. This parchment document limited the power of the feudal monarch for the first time in history, and later became the legal cornerstone of the British constitutional monarchy.

The Magna Carta of 1215 established some of the political rights and freedoms enjoyed by the English commoners and protected the church from the control of the king. At the same time, it reformed the law and the judiciary, and restricted the actions of the king and the royal family**. Much of the charter was copied from the charter of liberties issued by Henry I.

The Charter of Liberty was promulgated at the coronation of Henry I in 1100, which limited the king's treatment of the church and the nobility, essentially giving them certain rights.

The original Magna Carta had 63 articles, most of which were made in response to the conditions of the 13th century, such as limiting the royal hunting range. The most far-reaching of these is Article 39, from which the concept of habeas corpus is derived: except after a trial of law before an ordinary judge, or acting in accordance with the law; Otherwise, no free person shall be detained or imprisoned, or deprived of property, banished or killed.

According to this article, the king could only judge anyone by law; And not in his private preferences. As a result, the power of the crown was limited, and the first steps towards a constitutional monarchy began.

The British Magna Carta is also known as the Magna Carta of Freedom. One of the important constitutional documents of the feudal period in England.

On June 15, 1215, King John (reigned 1199-1216) of the Plantagenet dynasty was forced to sign under the combined pressure of the great feudal lords, priests, knights and citizens of the city. There are 63 articles in the full text. The main content was to protect the privileges of the feudal nobility and the church, as well as certain interests of the knights and burghers, and to limit the power of the king.

provided that no additional taxes could be levied without the decision of the Council of Nobles; Guarantee the inheritance of nobles and knights; acknowledging the inviolability of church freedoms; restitution of usurped lords' lands, collaterals, and deeds; The jurisdiction of the lord's court was respected, and the king's officials did not arbitrarily take up lawsuits, and no free man could be arrested, imprisoned, confiscated, or exiled without lawful judgment; recognise the freedoms of London and other autonomous cities; Uniform weights and measures, protection of commercial freedom, etc.

At the same time, it was stipulated that the lord would nominate 25 people to oversee the implementation of the charter. The charter, which was primarily a document for the redistribution of power within the feudal class, did not change the position of the peasants at large, and was soon torn up by the enthroned Henry III and lost its validity. During the bourgeois revolution in England, Magna Carta was used as a legal basis for the struggle for rights and was established as one of the constitutional documents of the United Kingdom.

The Magna Carta consists of a preamble and 63 articles. The main thing was that the power of the nobility and the church was not encroached upon by the king. If it is provided for the right to liberty of all free men; London and other cities have the right to self-government; The king had to consult with the council of nobles and listen to the people; No freeman shall be subject to arrest, imprisonment, confiscation of property, deprivation of public rights, banishment, injury search, arrest, etc., except by a nobleman of the same rank; Knights and other landowners shall not be compelled to perform additional military service; A committee of 25 nobles formed to oversee the execution of the Magna Carta; If the king violates the rules, he can be punished by means of deprivation of land and property, and there is even a clause stating that if the king violates the rules, the feudal lord has the right to resist by force.

Although it has been revised several times, some of its basic principles have been retained.

"Magna Carta is also known as the Magna Carta of Freedom. One of the important constitutional documents of the feudal period in England. On June 15, 1215, King John (r. 1199-1216) of the Plantagenet dynasty was forced to sign the agreement under the combined pressure of the great feudal lords, priests, knights, and citizens of the city. ”

The Magna Carta, which was overshadowed by the English orange, repented and ushered in the constitutional era of the English Celery. （）

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct answer: B