What is the Ida system and how did it disintegrate?

The well-field system is a system of state-owned land, which was more prominent in the Western Zhou Dynasty, when the land was owned by Zhou Tianzi, and the peasants only had the right to use it. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, due to the emergence of iron farming tools and ox farming technology, farmers were promoted to open up ownerless wasteland; The decline of the royal family and the struggle for hegemony among the princes led to a weakening of the regime's control over the land.

The well field system is a land system in ancient Chinese society, where roads and channels divide the land into squares, shaped like the character "well", hence the name "well field". The collapse is the emergence of iron tools and ox farming in the Spring and Autumn Period, the improvement of social productivity, and the large amount of private land being reclaimed, which tends to disintegrate.

The well field system is a state-owned land system in which fields are divided into pieces and shaped like a "well". The tax system was reformed in order to improve production efficiency, which led to the collapse of the Ida system.

The Jingtian system is a state ownership of land in ancient Chinese society that appeared in shopping malls. The main reason for the collapse was the use of iron tools and the use of cattle ploughing in the late Spring and Autumn period, which greatly increased productivity.

The well field system is that farmland is state-owned, and farmers are bound to the land to cultivate all their lives, and those who cannot cultivate in old age are forcibly repossessed. Later, the popularization and use of bronze farming tools prevented the development of inefficient public fields, and the well field system was abolished.

The well field system is a well field cultivated by the common people, with private land around it and public land in the middle. Its essence is a system of private ownership of land, and in the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, all land belonged to the state. Later, with the advent of iron farming tools, the productive forces of the whole society developed at once.

The Ida system was no longer suitable for the productivity of the time.

The well field system is a state-owned land system in ancient Chinese society, the well field system appeared in the Shang Dynasty and was perfected in the Zhou Dynasty, and later this system had some drawbacks, resulting in the phenomenon of land becoming waste land, so this system was dismantled.

The Jingtian system was a form of land ownership in China before the Spring and Autumn Period, in which he divided the land into several squares shaped like a tic-tac-toe. The reason for the collapse of the well field system was that the production level and capacity increased during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and some iron tools and ox farming techniques were popularized, so that the fixed well field system was destroyed, and people were reluctant to cultivate public land, and the newly developed land needed a large number of people to cultivate, and the well field system was slowly destroyed.

The well field system is a kind of land system that has eaten my ancient times, and divides the land into pieces. It is because of the low productivity of this system and the large-scale popularization of equipment that this system has been unable to mobilize the enthusiasm of the peasants, resulting in the land becoming wasteland.

The reasons why the Ida system began to collapse are as follows:

The direct cause: The tax system was reformed one after another, and the private ownership of land was objectively recognized, which accelerated the collapse of the well-field system. During the Warring States Period, Shang Ying changed the law in the Qin State, abolished the well field system in law, and gave full affirmation to the private ownership of land.

Fundamental reason: With the development of social economy, the progress of productivity, the continuous reform of cattle farming technology and agricultural tools, the labor production efficiency has been improved.

Ida system. The time of the collapse was the Spring and Autumn period, and the reason for the collapse was the emergence of iron farming tools and the popularization of cattle farming. The Jingtian system appeared in the Shang Dynasty.

to the Western Zhou. It was very mature.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, roads and channels crisscrossed the land, separating the land into squares with the word "well", hence the name "well field". The well field belonged to the king of Zhou, and Huilu was allocated to the common people. The lord was not allowed to buy, sell or transfer the well field, and he had to pay a certain tribute. Jujube letter.

Time of the collapse of the Ida system.

Spring and Autumn Period, Yilu State.

In order to increase revenue, the vassal states carried out tax reforms, which promoted the transformation of land from state ownership to private ownership. 361 BC, Shang Ying.

In the Qin state, the Qianyanqing reform was implemented, the well field system was abolished, and private ownership of land was established. With the use of iron tools and the spread of cattle farming, private farming increased dramatically. The princes and doctors became wealthy, and opened up and cultivated a large number of private fields. The Ida system gradually collapsed and slowly withdrew from the stage of history.

Introduction of the Ida system.

Land under the Ida system is not allowed to be bought or sold, and can only be inherited by the same surname in accordance with the patriarchal relationship of the concubine. The so-called "well field" is a square field with a certain plan, mu volume and boundary. A square field of 100 steps in length and width is called a "field", and the acre of a field is 100 acres, as a "husband", that is, the land cultivated by a laborer.

The well field planning is inconsistent in different regions. Some places use the decimal system.

In some places, nine square fields are called a "well". Because the nine square fields are placed together, it happens to be a "well" shape, and this is how the name of the well field came about. The area of a well is a square "li"; One hundred wells is ten miles square, called one "Cheng", which can accommodate 900 laborers; 10,000 wells are 100 miles square, called one "same", which can accommodate 90,000 laborers.

It is to remove the Qianmo feudal territory that marked the state ownership of land, abolish the slave system of land state ownership, and implement private ownership of land. The abolition of the well field was the legal abolition of the well field system and the establishment of private ownership of land. The land was allowed to be cultivated for the ownerless, and the land could be bought and sold freely, and the taxes were paid evenly according to the amount of land each person occupied.

This was an important part of the Shang Dynasty Reform Law, which legally established the feudal land ownership system.

Extended information: Shang Ying's major economic initiative is to "waste well fields and open up Qianmo".The "Historical Records" records:

Shang Yang "for the field, open the Mo to seal the territory, and pay the tax flat"."Warring States Policy" said that Shang Ying "broke with Qianmo and taught the people to cultivate and fight".The so-called "Qianmo" refers to the irrigation channel in the middle of the "well field" and the corresponding vertical and horizontal roads

"Feudal territory" is the boundary between slave owners and nobles who are subject to the feudal fields. "Opening up the Qianmo Frontier" is to remove the Qianmo Frontier, which symbolizes the state-owned land, and abolish the slavery system of land state-ownership. The Ida system was abolished by law.

The decree stipulates that people are allowed to open up land, that land can be bought and sold freely, and that taxes are to be borne equally according to the amount of land each person occupies. In this way, the production relations of slavery were destroyed and the development of the feudal economy was promoted.

After Qin Xiaogong of the Qin State ascended the throne during the Warring States Period, he was determined to strengthen the reform, so he ordered the recruitment of talents. Shang Ying self-defense into Qin, and put forward a set of new development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements and establishing a county system, etc., won the trust of Qin Xiaogong, appointed him as the head of the left, in 356 B.C. and 350 B.C., he successively implemented two changes with the main content of "abandoning well fields, opening up Qianmo, implementing the county system, rewarding cultivation and weaving and fighting, and implementing the law of joint sitting".

After the Shang Dynasty reform, Qin's economy developed, the combat effectiveness of the army was continuously strengthened, and it developed into the richest and most powerful centralized state in the late Warring States period.

The Jingtian system is a state-owned land system in ancient Chinese society, which appeared in the Shang Dynasty and was very mature by the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Spring and Autumn period, the Ida system gradually collapsed due to many reasons.

The first reason for the collapse of the well-field system was the development of the productive forces, and the production mode of the well-field system could not meet the needs of the development of the productive forces, which led to the collapse of the well-field system. The second is that because Zhou Tianzi's supreme control over the land has been lost, the concept of the land king has no effect. The third reason is that with the rapid development of the social economy, the transfer of land and the sale and purchase of houses have been carried out more openly, and the land relationship has gradually moved from nationalization to privatization.

In short, the collapse and disintegration of the well field system is the inevitable result of the development of social productive forces and historical development.