What are the characteristics of freehand flowers and birds in the Ming Dynasty

Summary. Hello, I am honored to answer your questions, your questions are: The similarities between the Northern Song Dynasty Gongbi flower and bird painting and the Ming Dynasty flower and bird painting The answer is: due to the difference in depiction methods, it has become the three major systems of flower and bird painting in the Ming Dynasty.

Hello, I am honored to answer your questions, your questions are: The similarities between the Northern Song Dynasty Gongbi flower and bird painting and the Ming Dynasty The answer is: because of the difference in depicting the square shirt method, it has become the three major systems of the Ming Dynasty's pure cavity flower and bird painting.

Flower and bird painting is a kind of Chinese painting, which depicts flowers, birds, insects and other plant leaks and animals. In Chinese painting, any painting that depicts flowers, flowers, birds, fish and insects is called flower and bird painting. There are three kinds of painting methods in the painting of the flower fighting and laughing birds: "Gongbi", "Freehand", and "Part-time Writing".

Ming Dynasty: The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of Chinese landscape painting. There are many painting schools, and there are countless painters, such as "Zhejiang School", "Wumen School", "Huating School" and so on, and there are more than 400 landscape painters in "Ming Painting Record".

The representative painters of the Zhejiang School include Dai Jin, Wu Wei, Zhang Lu, Wang Zhao, Zhu Bang, Lan Ying and others. They took Fa Ma Yuan and Xia Gui, and most of them used square brushes, which were rough and frustrating, and Xiao was sparse and vigorous. The Wu sect represented by Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, Tang Yin, and Qiu Ying started with Dong Yuan and Fan Kuan, as well as Wang Meng and Wu Zhen.

The Huating faction with Dong Qichang as the leader is light in ink, elegant and beautiful, and in theory, Dong Qichang has also made great achievements and put forward the theory of "Northern and Southern Song Dynasty". In the early Ming Dynasty, the painters who advocated the painting style of the Song Dynasty were all over the court and the people, and in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the literati paintings were revived in Suzhou.

The Ming Dynasty was an important stage in the history of Chinese painting and calligraphy, and there were some region-centered masters and schools, such as the Zhejiang School represented by Dai Jin, the Wumen School represented by Shen Zhou and Wen Zhengming, the Songjiang School of Dong Qichang and Zhao Zuo, the Huating School, the Su Song School, the Wulin School of Lan Ying, and so on. Landscapes, flowers and birds have achieved outstanding results, mainly imitating the Song Dynasty style in the early stage, and ink literati paintings in the middle and late periods occupy the mainstream. In the early Ming Dynasty, there were three main systems:

Literati paintings, represented by Wang Lu, Xu Ben, Wang Fu, Xia Yong, Xie Jin, Du Qiong, Yao Shou, etc. The courtyard paintings, the court paintings are represented by Wang Zhongyu, Zhou Wei, Guo Chun, Bian Jingzhao, Xie Huan, Li Zai, Shang Xi, Ni Duan, Zhou Wenjing, Shi Rui, Zhou Quan, Liu Jun, Miao Fu, Yin Kai, Sun Long, etc. The Southern Song Dynasty courtyard of the Zhejiang School is represented by Dai Jin, Xia Zhi and so on.

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, he mainly used courtyard painters Lin Liang and Lu Ji. Wu Wei of the Jiangxia faction. Shen Zhou, Tang Yin, Wen Zhengming and other representatives of the Wumen School of painting.

In the late Ming Dynasty, there were the Huating School represented by Dong Qichang, the Su Liao School of Zhao Zuo, the Yunjian School of Shen Shichong, the Wumen School of Cheng Jiasui, Li Liufang, Bian Wenyu, Shao Mi, the Wulin School of Basket Ying, and the Jiaxing School of Xiang Shengmo. The figures are painted with Chen Hongshou, Xu Wei of freehand flowers and birds, Zhou Zhimian and Sun Kehong.

It is recommended to check it We are not professional But it generally echoes the political (harmonious) governance environment (harmonious) environment at that time.

This is too complicated ... Let's check it out.

One is the secularization of the participants in flower and bird painting.

Due to the development of social productive forces. People are no longer satisfied with the heavy work of agriculture, people are widely involved in the increasingly prosperous cultural market, and people from all walks of life are interested in painting and participating in market transactions because of personal interest or other reasons. For example, in the capital city of Bianliang, the Great Xiangguo Temple and the palace have opened up the calligraphy and painting market

In Lin'an, there are shops that sell door gods, signs of the god of wealth, and fan paintings, and the fan surface is painted with patterns of papaya, sunflowers, and other people's life themes. There are also patterns that express different seasons and seasons. It can be seen that the creator of the painting is no longer just a court painter.

Commoners and other groups also joined in the creation of paintings, and the identities of the participants in the paintings became secularized.

The second is the secularization of the painting object.

Due to the different ideas and experiences of the painters. There are different aesthetic tastes and stylistic preferences for painting. Flower and bird paintings mainly express flowers, birds, fish, insects, etc. in nature, which is reflected in the fresh and elegant style.

For example, the cute apes in Yi Yuanji's "Gathering Ape Picture", the frightened magpie and the nervous hare in Cui Bai's "Double Happiness Picture", and the images of chickens, geese, and sheep in the works of Li Di, Liu Songnian, and Chen Juzhong.

The objects of the painting have been transformed from the rare birds and beasts such as the golden pheasant, starling, white eagle, and crane that were loved by the royal family in the court, and thus transformed into the life images of what they saw and heard in the production and life of the peasants in the market. The flower and bird paintings have the characteristics of civilianization and secularization.

Artistic characteristics of secularized flower and bird paintings in the Song Dynasty:

1. The depicted object selects natural scenes, repaints life, and still rationalizes the law. For example, the Song Dynasty painter Cui Bai's "Double Happiness Picture" depicts the autumn and winter seasons. The question between a hare and two magpies in the wilderness is quite interesting: two magpies are perched on a tree and chirping.

2. Depict scenes of life. The works of flower and bird painters in the Song Dynasty mainly reflect the characteristics of social life, such as Chen Juzhong's "Four Sheep Picture". This is a vivid and very lively animal painting.

In a very small format, the painter chooses a small scene from daily life. On the outskirts of the village there are five sheep on the hillside: one in the foreground is licking the food, and two small white goats are playing.

One of the lambs slammed into the other with his head down. Another old sheep with heavier coat at the bottom of the slope saw this situation and was about to come and stop them. There was also a goat standing on the hillside, silently watching what happened to the four sheep below.

Hu Kuan's answer]: c

Liang Kai, not only can make exquisite and rigorous pictures, but also is doing bad painting and refining the reduction of strokes, the works are mostly based on Buddhist Zen figures or humanistic scholars as the theme, opening a precedent for freehand figure painting in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. His representative works include "Lifting Leakage and Splashing Ink Immortals" and so on.

Ancient flower and bird paintings highlight the main body, good at tailoring, and echo the contrast between the virtual and real in the layout, and in the freehand flower and bird paintings, he is especially good at using the poetry inscriptions that give full play to the meaning of the painting, and the style of painting.

Extended Information: 1. Characteristics of Chinese Painting.

1. Pay attention to "vividness", not stick to the appearance of the object, but emphasize the subjective taste of the author. Chinese painting emphasizes "depicting the gods in form", and pursues a sense of "wonder between the similar and the unlike".

2. Pay attention to the charm of pen and ink, and the brushwork requirements: flat, round, stay, heavy and change. The ink method requires that the ink is divided into five colors, burnt, thick, heavy, light, slow, and clear.

3. Pay attention to the "bone method with a pen", do not pay attention to the focus perspective, and do not emphasize the influence of the environment on the light and color changes of the object.

4. Pay attention to the layout of blank space and the "momentum" of objects.

2. Classification of Chinese paintings.

1. Character painting. What stupid.

Figure painting in our country has a long history. According to records, during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there were already murals. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Gu Kaizhi specialized in figure painting, which was the first to be explicitly proposed in the history of Chinese painting"Write God in the form"Advocate of the painter.

Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty was also good at figure painting. There are also Wu Daozi, Han Hu and so on. All of them have made contributions to figure painting.

2. Landscape painting.

Landscape painting (commonly known as landscape painting, landscape painting) is a specialized art discipline with a long history. Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been famous painters in every period, specializing in the creation of landscape paintings. Although their backgrounds, accomplishments, schools, methods, etc. are different; However, they can all use pen and ink, color Daling, skills, flexible management, serious depiction, is the beauty of natural scenery, happily jumped on the paper, its buy the same, majestic and magnificent, the charm is elegant.

3. Flower and bird painting.

Chinese flower and bird paintings are colorful and fascinating. It is listed as a specialized discipline of Chinese painting art along with landscape and figure painting. In a broad sense, flower and bird painting should include flowers and birds, birds, animals, insects, fish, etc.

Answer]: A Liang Kai, a Zen painter of the Southern Song Dynasty. He paints figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, and is not only able to make exquisite and rigorous pictures, but also good at painting refined and relaxed "minus brush" paintings. He used ink freehand in figure modeling, creating a precedent for freehand figure painting in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.