What are the characteristics of bees? 5. What are the characteristics of bees?

Bees are a large family that live in their own carefully built houses. There are bees in the colony who are in charge of guarding the door, who are responsible for examining the bees that enter the door. Since their siblings have the same smell on their bodies, watchman bees use their own smell as a criterion and only release the same ones.

Bees feed on pollen and nectar and make honey. There are three types of bee colonies: queen bees, worker bees, and drones. Bees feed on pollen and nectar, and their flight speed is 20-40 kilometers per hour, and their effective range is within kilometers from the nest.

During the flowering season, bees are busy every day. The nesting instinct of bees is complex, and the nesting time is generally during the full flowering period of the plant.

What's in it for humans? Honey bees, broadly speaking, refer to the Hymenoptera Bee family insects, including all species capable of producing honey; In a narrow sense, it refers to the four species of insects of the genus Honeybee, especially the Italian bee (also known as the Western honey bee or the European house bee).

All I know is bee in English.

Characteristics of bees: The body has a chitin exoskeleton, and the body surface is densely covered with villi, some of which are feathery branches. The body is divided into three parts: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen, and the thorax and abdomen are connected by a stalk-shaped peduncle.

3 pairs of thoracic feet. The tibia of the hindfoot of the worker wasp is wide at the end and concave on the outside, and the pollen basket is formed with the curved long body hair around the tibia and one bristle near the middle, and the pollen basket, body hair, and the special structure of the forefoot and midfoot constitute an organ suitable for collecting and carrying pollen. 2 pairs of membranous wings, forewings larger than hindwings; The forewings have 1 anterior margin chamber and 3 sub-anterior chambers, the apex of the anterior margin chamber is equally wide, rounded, and almost as long as the wing angle, and the upper part of the second submarginal chamber is narrower than the lower part.

Chewing and sucking mouthparts, long and pointed tongue, the first 2 segments of the lower lip are elongated into a sheath, and the helmet is spear-shaped, suitable for sucking nectar. The three types of bees are clearly differentiated, and the female bees are differentiated into queen bees that can lay eggs and worker bees that do not mate, and the ovipositor is specialized from the abdominal oviposition valve.

The bee has strong adaptability to the environment, strong ability to use sporadic nectar sources, is not harmed by mites, has a strong ability to avoid aerial enemies, and has a strong spleen-making ability. But there are also many disadvantages, such as weak egg laying ability, love to bite the spleen, good thief bees, good to fly.

The bee is extremely adaptable to the environment. The Chinese bee is a native bee species that is both cold and heat tolerant. In the natural tree cavity, you can survive the harsh winter of minus 30 or 40; At a temperature of 10, you can fly out of the nest and fly; At a temperature of 40, it can still work, collect, make a spleen and reproduce as usual.

Chinese bees are good at using sporadic nectar sources. The bee has a keen sense of smell and is industrious, and when there are a few sporadic nectar sources in the outside world to bloom, it can collect and maintain the normal reproduction of the bee colony. In the same situation, the colony needs to be fed, otherwise, it will be starving.

The bee flies flexibly and is not easy to be preyed upon by wasps, swallows, sparrows, dragonflies, etc. In mountainous areas, when wasps are abundant, mesobees can also live well. The bee has a natural resistance to mites and the larval disease of the Americas.

The bee has a strong ability to create a spleen. A neat worker hive spleen can be created without a nest foundation, and the bee colony has a fast spleen-making speed, good wax, white color and high melting point.

It is not easy to maintain a strong swarm, which leads to poor collection ability of the bee colony, and the ability to use large comprehensive honey sources is not as good as that of other bee species that can maintain a strong swarm. Medium bees like new spleens, so they like to bite off old spleens and build new ones to reproduce. When there is a shortage of honey sources, it is easy to steal honey from other bee colonies.

When there is a severe shortage of honey or is unable to resist predators, the colony will abandon the nest and flee.

In order to make full use of the economic value of the bee species, bees should fully understand their advantages and disadvantages, and make full use of their strengths and avoid weaknesses.

Bees are characterized by being more industrious.

Honey bee farming techniques.

Species selection. There are two types of bees that raise more: one is the Chinese bee, commonly known as the Chinese bee, the main product of this kind of bee is honey, and there are few other bee products, but it is easier to raise in the general mountainous areas.

The other type is the Italian bee, commonly known as the Italian bee, which can be divided into several types, such as sugar bee, pulp bee, syrup bee, etc. Beekeepers around the country can scientifically select bee species according to the target bee products.

Medium bee breeding. 1. Stocking places.

The stocking site of Chinese bees should be far away from factories, mines, highways, residential areas and noisy areas, and there should be clean water sources without pollution and sufficient flowering plants nearby. The biggest difference between Chinese bees and Italian bees is that they do not require a large amount of nectar source, but only need to have continuous flowering plants. After determining the breeding site, you need to choose the right beehive, it is best to use the standard beehive of bee breeding, all beehives should pay attention to the front low and high back, the door is open below, easy to clean.

2. Bee colony management.

To start beekeeping, we should first introduce high-quality bee species resources and cultivate a strong collection colony through crossbreeding. In general, the collection group can be cultivated by adding a small amount of incentive feeding about 1 month before the flowering of the main local nectar source plants.

Italian bee farming. 1. Honey production.

Italian bee breeding, generally according to the nectar source plant flowering season to change the breeding site. In spring, rape flowers, camellias, roses, etc. can be selected as nectar sources; In summer, gardenias, pomegranates, lilies, etc. can be selected as nectar sources; In autumn, chrysanthemums, osmanthus, sunflowers, etc. can be selected as nectar sources; In winter, camellia and loquat flowers can be selected as nectar sources. According to the nectar source plant, the bee colony should be transferred to the vicinity of the nectar source in time to facilitate nectar collection.

In addition, rice and pine trees in China have a large growth area, which can provide a large amount of pollen for bees and can be used as a good source of beekeeping pollen. By converting the breeding site, a relatively pure single honey source honey can be obtained, so as to obtain better breeding benefits.

2. Bee pupae production.

In the idle bee period, you can use 6 beehives as a group, with 11 drone spleens, and rotate once every 2 days, regardless of the number of eggs laid, to ensure that the drone's age is consistent. 5 groups of nurses take turns for 2 days plus a drone egg spleen. When added to the 10th round, the spleen is released for 22 days, and a steady stream of mature drone pupae can be produced.

3. Propolis production.

Due to the scarcity of production, propolis has always been in short supply. When taking glue, a clean cloth is generally used, which is collected quickly and gently to avoid bringing in various impurities and affecting the quality of propolis. The yield of propolis is not high, so it should be quickly put into the refrigerator for freezing after taking the glue, and it should be sold after accumulating to a certain amount.

Generally speaking, the production of bee propolis products is very low, if you want to use propolis as the main product, you can raise "Caucasian" bee species with high propolis production.

4. Beeswax production.

The high yield of beeswax depends on three factors: a strong colony, the right temperature, and sufficient honey powder. Generally speaking, beeswax is produced in large quantities when there is a surplus of bee power. However, a certain amount of honey is consumed in the production of beeswax, so you need to pay attention to the trade-off between the two.

Bee features. The bee is a social insect and is good at flying, usually appearing in a yellow-brown or black-brown state, and it feeds on pollen and nectar.

When pollen is collected, some pollen falls on the flowers, and pollination is completed, so it is often seen that where there are many bees, the types of flowers bloom in a variety of ways, and the blooms are particularly showy.

The mouth of the bee is where the honey is harvested, and it often makes a buzzing sound. The main characteristic of the bee is that it can collect honey, the body length is about 15 mm, the length varies according to the age, the head and chest are almost the same width, the hind feet are pollin-carrying feet, the forewings are relatively large, and the hindwings are relatively small. After going through the four stages of egg, larva, pupa and adult, it can become a complete bee.

Bees have the spirit of hard work, teamwork, and dedication, symbolizing people who work hard in ordinary positions.

1. Feed entirely on flowers.

Bees are insects that feed entirely on flowers (including pollen and nectar), when the external nectar source is abundant, the bee colony will collect the nectar to make honey and store it in the hive, these stored honey is actually the food stored by the bee colony for emergencies, for example, the bee colony can not go out of the nest to collect food in winter to feed on the stored honey, and in beekeeping production, beekeepers also often use sugar and soybean meal as feed to feed bees.

2. The collection radius is not large.

The collection radius of bees is generally about 3 kilometers, and the bee colony will also fly to about 5 kilometers to collect food when the external honey source is scarce, but this will greatly reduce the collection efficiency of bees, in addition, the bees go out to investigate the honey source before going out of the nest to collect, and the detection bees find the honey source and inform other worker bees in the form of "bee dance", and then a large number of worker bees go to the honey source to collect according to the direction indicated by the detection bees.

3. Wax to build a honeycomb.

The bee's hive is made of beeswax, which is very different from the wasp (the wasp builds its nest with a material similar to pulp), beeswax is the fatty substance secreted by the beeswax glands of the 13 to 18-day-old workers in the bee colony, and the smallest unit of the whole hive is the hexagonal hive, which is neatly arranged to form a semicircular hive, and the hive spleen is arranged in parallel to form a hemispherical hive, and the bee colony feeds the larvae and stores food in the hive.

4. The life span is extremely short.

The life span of bees (mainly refers to worker bees) is extremely short, among which the life span of the queen bee in the bee colony is generally 4 5 years, up to 8 years, the life span of the drone is about 3 months on average, but once it mates with the queen bee, it dies immediately, the life span of the worker bee has a great relationship with the season, the worker bee in the wintering period can live for up to 3 6 months, and the other seasons are generally about 2 months, and the shortest is only 28 for the honey collection period

5. You can only sting people once.

Bees are feared because of the poisonous needle on the tail, in fact, the bee can only sting once in a lifetime, the reason is that the end of the bee poison needle has a barb, after the sting, these barbs will hook **, when the bee stings and flies away, the poison needle will pull out part of the internal organs, and the bee that loses part of the internal organs will soon die, so the bees generally do not sting people until the last resort, but if the hive is threatened, the bee colony will also swarm and attack it.

Biological habits. Shape.

Chinese honey bee (Figure 3).

The abdominal color of the Chinese honey bee worker bee varies from region to region, some are yellow, some are black. The average snout length is 5 mm. The queen bee has two body colors: one has a distinct brownish-yellow ring on the abdominal segment, and the entire abdomen is dark brown; In the other type, the abdominal segment has no obvious brownish-yellow ring, and the entire abdomen is black.

Drones are generally black. Southern bee species are generally smaller than those in the north, with worker bees measuring 10 13 mm long, drones about 11 mm long, and queen bees 13 16 mm long.

Habit. The Chinese honey bee is agile in flight, sensitive to smell, early out of the nest, late in the nest, 2 to 3 hours more than the Italian bee in the daily collection, good at using sporadic nectar sources. Strong spleen-making ability, like new spleen, love to gnaw old spleen, strong ability to resist bee mites and American larval putrid disease, but easy to be infected with bee cyst larval disease, susceptible to wax borer, like to fly, especially easy to abandon the nest and move when the lack of honey or the threat of disease and enemies, easy to occur natural bees and robber bees, do not pick gums, the ability to secrete royal jelly is poor, the daily egg production of the queen bee is less than that of the western honey bees, and the group is small.

Natural predator hazards. 1: Vespa.

Vespas are the main natural enemies of honeybees in summer and autumn in most parts of southern China, and when the damage is severe, the colony can lose 20% to 30% of the field bees. Vesps not only stop the bees flying in the air, but also wait around the hive gate, when the harm is serious, the whole swarm of bees is not attended, for the weak swarm, the wasps attack in swarms, forcing the swarm to abandon the nest or be destroyed. The number of bee collectors flew out decreased significantly with the increase of wasp disturbance time, and the longer the disturbance time, the longer the time for the bee collectors to return to the normal number. There was a significant difference in the number of altitude temperate species between Rhizopus orientalisa and Rhinea orientalis at low altitudes, and the latter was more sensitive to wasp disturbance than the former (P>.

Yu Linsheng et al. reported that the peak of the daily attendance of the wasp and the bee is at 11:00, while the peak of the bee's daily attendance is at 10:00, which is staggered with the wasp.

2: Alien invasion.

For example, Italian bee is the main exotic bee species raised in China. But the frequency of the Italian bee wing vibration, and the frequency of the Chinese bee's drone wing vibration is a bit similar, the Chinese bee mistook it for a drone, after the Italian bee successfully entered the nest door, killing the queen bee is inevitable, a bee colony has only one queen, and losing it can be said to be the biggest disaster for the bee colony.

A bee goes through four processes of change in its life: egg, larva, pupae and adult. Males generally appear earlier than females, have a short lifespan, and do not undertake the tasks of building nests, storing bee food, and raising offspring. Females build nests, collect pollen and nectar, and store them in the nest room, where they live longer than males.

Characteristics of bees.

Bees fly at speeds of 20-40 kilometers per hour, at altitudes within 1 kilometer, and have an effective range within kilometers from the nest. All bees feed on pollen and nectar, collecting nectar is a very hard work, bees interview 1100-1446 flowers to get 1 honey sac nectar, during the nectar flow period a bee collects an average of 10 times a day, each time the average nectar carrying is half of its body weight, a lifetime can only provide humans with grams of honey. When the nectar is sucked into the honey sac by the bees, it is mixed with the secretion of the upper jaw gland, invertase, and the conversion of sucrose begins from there, and the honey is repeatedly brewed and the water is evaporated by constant fanning, and the transformation and concentration are accelerated until the honey is fully mature.

Depending on the species, the number of worker bees generally ranges from 12 to more than 50,000, and they collect nectar and pollen, and in the case of bees, they also transmit nectar and pollen to specific places, which are obtained by performing special and strict dances. Their duties include making honey, making waxy hives for food storage and larvae housing, taking care of bees and queens, and guarding the hive. Bees are a perennial colony, and new queens will be raised over the years, and the old queens will then leave the hive with a group of worker bees to rebuild a home elsewhere.

Bees are closely related to certain species of wasps, and the main biological difference between the two is that bees (except parasitic bees) feed their young bees with a mixture of pollen and nectar, while wasps feed their young bees on animal food or insects and spiders. In addition to differences in food preferences, there are also structural differences, the most basic of which is that wasps are covered with unbranched hairs, while bees have at least some branched or feathery hairs to which pollen usually adheres to them.

Bees feed exclusively on flowers, including pollen and nectar, which are sometimes prepared and stored as honey. There is no doubt that bees pollinate the flowers at the same time as they collect pollen, and when the bees collect pollen from among the flowers, they drop some pollen onto the flowers. These dropped pollen are important because they often cause cross-pollination of plants.

The actual value of bees as pollinators is greater than the value of their production of honey and beeswax.

Drones usually don't live long, don't collect pollen, and don't feed their young. Worker bees are responsible for all nesting and food storage and often have a special structure to carry pollen. Most bees collect pollen from a variety of flowers, but some only collect pollen from certain families, some only from certain colors, and some only from related flowers.

The mouth of the bee is a pollen collector and carrying utensil, and it seems to be adapted to a variety of different kinds of flowers.