The production method of Huishan clay figures, the introduction of Huishan clay figures

Sculpt. Due to the limitations of the model, the clay figures are generally very concise, most of them are round and chubby, and even use relief and high relief to deal with, and some even "transition" into a plane on the back. So, it seems simple, but the actual effect is perfect.

However, the shape of the painting is obviously very elaborate and complicated, such as the matching of colors, the use of lines, patterns, pattern decoration, as well as gold drawing, and the appearance of makeup, some have formed a fixed program. The collocation is obviously more complex than the body in terms of shape, and the tranquil and subtle Guanyin; a girl with affection; smiling bangs; a kind and kind birthday star; the playful Mida; The image is vivid and vivid, with different joys, sorrows, and joys. In contrast, the shape of a clay billet is simple.

Work. Most of the reproduction of Huishan clay figures are printed (poured) with models, and the hand-pinched clay figures also have printing segments inlaid with hands, and most of them use human head molds. Therefore, it is much simpler in workmanship, and the technical complexity is far less than that of painting.

However, the painting can only express the artistic effect of the work one stroke at a time, and there are many operating techniques that must be followed, such as the artist's own summary of "from top to bottom, first light and then thick, first white and then black, and finally hair". "The color of the head is not more than four, and the color of the body is not more than three" (refers to the number of times colored). "Open the phase first, then install the flowers, and paint the gold with color in the back."

These are all requirements in the operating procedures. There are also high requirements for the basic skills of color and pen, such as "the pen is like flying, the thickness is uniform", "the straight line should be straight, the curve should be live", "red with green, a piece of jade; Blue and purple, a pile of. "And so on, it is enough to prove that painting is much more complicated than billet making.

Status quo. Huishan clay people because of the production of more crafts, and it takes a long time to practice skills, and because of copyright and other issues. It is often the unequal amount of pay and income, resulting in many young people not going to study anymore.

In addition to the Huishan Clay Figure Factory and the Clay Figure Research Institute, there are also Green Wave Art Museum and Menglixuan Cultural Development Company.

The 600-year-old Huishan clay people are rich in color and can be directly colored without firing.

Wuxi Huishan Niren is said to have started in the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years.

Through generations of artistic practice by artists, the unique style of Wuxi clay figurines has been formed.

It is rich in the local flavor of Jiangnan and is deeply loved by the masses.

It is known as one of the "Three Treasures of Wuxi".

Representative work "Da Ah Fu".

It is widely known and spread all over the world.

Wuxi clay figures can generally be divided into two categories, one is "playing goods", also known as "rough goods are scattered".

The use of mold printing blank, hand-painted, simple modeling, with a rough pen, bright color, both form and spirit.

Most of the content is based on festive and auspicious themes, such as Da Fu, Old Birthday Star, Fisherman Profit, etc., which are deeply loved by the masses and children.

The other type is the hand-pinched drama, also called "fine goods", the work is based on the wonderful scenes in the Jingsun Chai Kun drama, the characters are vividly portrayed, the colors are gorgeous, intriguing, and it is suitable for people to give gifts or appreciate them.

It was once very prosperous in history, but it is rare now.

Now the works displayed in this museum are all copied by famous teachers in Wuxi and the works of famous Qing Dynasty artists in the collection of Nanjing Museum, which is very rare.

In order to promote the national folk digging culture, introduce the style of Wuxi clay figures, hold this exhibition, I hope to be loved by the audience, and please give more corrections.

The characteristics of Huishan clay people are detailed as follows:

1. Features:

1. The unique Huishan black mud determines the selection of production process and technical conditions to a certain extent, affects the variety and quality of the clay figures, and affects the formation of style, which is also one of the basic material conditions for the longevity of the Huishan clay people.

2. In the early days, Huishan residents made clay figurines as a family sideline, and used this kind of soil to make some small flowers, small Ruyi, small birthday stars, small Buddha statues, stacked arhats, mud Afu and chickens, dogs, geese and other small birds and beasts.

3, Huishan clay people production method in addition to the face with a single piece of molding, the rest of the body is wide, limbs are pinched out, after rubbing, kneading, picking, pinching, printing, patting, cutting, wrapping, pressing, pasting, inlay, scratching, board, inserting wire, pushing, rubbing, paste, carved out of clothing, wearing, hairstyle, headdress, etc., through coloring, opening, waxing, whiskers, Luan and other processes to create a variety of images.

2. Classification:

1. Huishan Laqiao Tong clay people can be divided into two categories in production, one is the mold clay figure. The artists created a sample, commonly known as "pinching the boy". It is then made into a model for mass production.

The shape of the molded clay figurines is simple and plump, and the expression techniques are simple and sophisticated. "Da Ah Fu", "A Ball of Harmony", and "Three Fat Men" are representative works of this kind of work. For hundreds of years, it has always been the mainstream product of Huishan.

2. The other type is the hand-pinched clay figure, which in addition to the face is made by molding, the figure, hands and feet, and clothes are all handmade, because most of them are expressed in opera, so it is also called "hand-pinched opera".

The characteristics of Huishan Niren are introduced as follows:

Huishan mud people rough goods features:

Since the rough goods are mostly printed with a single mold or two sides of the mold, the artist makes the work round in order to facilitate demoulding, the block surface is balanced and transitioned, and the contour of the work is expressed in high relief.

In this way, it can not only adapt to the production of printing blanks, but also ensure the smooth start of the painting. A considerable part of Huishan Niren has a flat arc on the back, without any shape. Therefore, the shape is concise and exaggerated, with a large head and short body, a square plate and a large face, and a square mouth and nose, which has the artistic characteristics of being thick and simple, stable and strong.

Characteristics of Huishan clay people:

In the process of inheritance from generation to generation, it naturally absorbs nutrients from social customs and the aesthetics of the people's return to the rocks, and constructs its own language program to form a specific traditional style. The first is the trend towards refinement. The south of the Yangtze River is rich, and compared with other regions, the way of life is more exquisite, and the folk crafts conform to the fashion of life, often exquisite and delicate.

The hand-pinched opera adopts exquisite artistic language, whether it is pinched or painted, it is meticulously crafted, with the characteristics of exquisite and handsome.

The second is the model language of modeling, Huishan clay figure shaping follows the principle of "big realism, small exaggeration", the general head is large and the body is small, the proportion of the head and the body changes moderately, and changes to the artistic scale of five to five and a half heads, this kind of modeling means to reduce the proportion of the clay figure emphasizes the weight of the clay figure, so that it is not short, but more energetic.

Especially in his early works, this artistic scale exudes a quaint and elegant temperament. Huishan Niren has also created a characterized language for different types of character modeling, such as "the general's belly, the waist of a beautiful woman, the legs of a child, and the back of the elderly", such as the shape of a lady with "willow waist, goose egg face, hanging gall nose, water chestnut mouth, red phoenix eyes, and willow leaf eyebrows".

Mountain clay people folk clay sculpture artworks.

The origin is in Huishan, Wuxi, Jiangsu.

In the literature of the Ming Dynasty, the Wuxi clay people are mentioned, and the Qing Dynasty once paid tribute to the Qianlong Emperor.

In the early days, Huishan Niren only had simple big Fu, small flowers, and small heads, and later there were bangs, Bodhisattvas, etc.

Most of them are printed with monolithic or double-piece molds.

During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, artists used the method of "pinching the section and inlaid hands" to make clay figures, so that the plastic skills were improved.

Huishan mud people are divided into "coarse goods" and "fine goods".

Coarse goods are mostly made of mold printing for children to play, also known as "juggling".

Fine goods are made into opera characters by pinching and molding, etc., also known as "hand-pinched and hand-written opera".

The themes are: (1) Tricksters represented by Da Afu; (2) idols represented by the God of Wealth; (3) Drama texts that mainly combine people and fiction in opera.

The painting is also very elegant, and the folk have the saying of "three points of plastic, seven points of color".

Huishan Niren is famous at home and abroad, and there is a little-known legend about its origin.

According to legend, during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's military advisor Liu Bowen observed the celestial phenomena and found that Wuxi Longshan (i.e. Huishan) had dragon veins and dragon energy, and Zhu Yuanzhang sent him to Wuxi to investigate.

After Liu Bowen came to Wuxi, he recruited some skilled craftsmen and used Longshan soil to knead a large number of civil and military generals wearing crowns, court clothes, and court boots.

At that time, the common people at the foot of Longshan lived in poverty and were happy to make clay people for a living.

Within a few days, Longshan Street was full of large and small clay figure stalls.

Then, Liu Bowen transferred another 300 soldiers and selected a place on the slope in front of Qingshan Bay at the southern foot of Longshan Mountain, preparing to dig a deep well to cut off the dragon's veins and dragon's neck.

When Longshan found out, he was furious, and in a fit of anger, a small hill grew on the slope in front of Qingshan Bay.

The locals call it "the mountain", and there is a proverb in Wuxi that "the mountain is produced overnight", which is this classic.

Because the mountain is produced by Longshan gas, the soil on the mountain is coarse and non-sticky, and it is impossible to make a clay man, and only the soil of Longshan can be a clay man.

Since then, the craftsmanship of Wuxi people has been passed down from generation to generation.

There are also many legends about the origin of Huishan Niren, although it is full of fantastic imagination and fiction that cannot withstand scrutiny, but it also adds a lot of color to the cultural connotation of Huishan Niren. In China, almost every profession has the custom of honoring the patriarch, believing that the idol to be worshiped is the founder of their profession, and he can bless the production and operation of future generations of artists.

1. There is also this custom in the Huishan clay figurine industry, so the legend of the origin of the clay figurines cannot but be related to their ancestors. According to the descendants of the famous Hu Dafang and Hu Erfang clay figurines in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, there were only more than a dozen clay figurine shops with the names of Chen Jusheng and Hu Wansheng in the late Qing Dynasty, and they jointly established the guild of the clay figurine industry --- the Trick Goods Office (now Huishan Shijia Lane).

2. The patriarch enshrined in the public office is Sun Bin in the Warring States Period BC. According to legend: During the Warring States Period, Guiguzi accepted two apprentices, and they were both famous military strategists during the Warring States Period, one was called Pang Juan, and the other was Sun Bin.

Pang Juan was jealous of Sun Bin and cut off Sun Bin's knees with a trick, making him unable to walk.

3. Sun Bin fled to Wu and lived in the Huishan area, where he pinched a lot of clay figures and mud horses to study the new method of breaking the five thunder arrays of Pang Juan. Later, when he went to Qi as a general, he used the tactics studied in Huishan to break the five thunder arrays and kill Pang Juan when he fought against Wei. But his skill in kneading clay figures in Huishan has been passed down, and since then, the residents of Huishan have also pinched clay figures.

Sun Bin has also become the ancestor of Huishan's clay kneader.

Ah Fu, clay man, Huishan.

Huishan is a scenic spot in the south of the Yangtze River, visitors come to the high mountain, and the famous Huishan mud people can be seen almost everywhere.

It is said that since the Song Dynasty, there have been clay figures in Huishan. After the Qing Dynasty, the production and sales of clay figurines reached their heyday. The Huishan clay figurines are made from the soil at the foot of Huishan Mountain.

This kind of soil is not only delicate and tough, but also plastic, and thousands of but not cracked, bent and continuous. As early as the seventh year of Zhaoning in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi passed through Wuxi, that is, there was a poem of "the soil under Huiquan Mountain is like glutinous". The current Huishan mud people have developed to be made of gypsum, which solves the problem of shortage of Huishan mud resources.

The early clay figurines in Huishan roughly have gods and Buddhas, human statues and various animals. The former is sold to Buddhists for worship, and the latter is used as a children's toy. Their length is generally 3-7 cm

The shape is simple, rough and slightly exaggerated, and the color tone of the painting is bright and simple, and the contrast is strong, revealing a strong local atmosphere of the south of the Yangtze River. His representative work is a pair of boys and girls, that is, the clay sculpture of Da Fu. The two mud babies have their heads in a double bun, with a lovely smile, barefoot and cross-legged, holding strange beasts in their arms, delicate and childish, and loved by people.

There is also a legend about the clay man Afu, and there is such a legend in the local area: in ancient times, there were four monsters in Huishan, namely the poisonous dragon, the evil tiger, the skunk turtle and the diao horse, which often harmed people and animals and trampled on crops. Later, there was a god "Sand Boy" who went into the mountain under the pseudonym Ah Fu to fight with the four monsters, and the four monsters were eliminated, and Ah Fu also left the world due to excessive bleeding.

People fabricated images of them during their lifetimes to commemorate them. After repeated creations by generations of artists, Da Ah Fu is lifelike, giving people a feeling of health, happiness and beauty.

Huishan clay people, can be roughly divided into the following categories: hand-pinched drama, Peking Opera masks, characters and animals, practical toys (with thermometers or pencil sharpeners, etc.), these works are small and exquisite, people love, ** make appropriate, is the best gift to visit relatives and friends.

The main streets of Huishan, Hengjie and Zhilian, have many clay figure shops, and it has become a famous "clay figure street", which receives many tourist groups and tourists from all over the world every day. In addition to the local tourism market, Huishan clay sculptures are also exported to Europe, America and Southeast Asian countries.