What pests and diseases occur when growing peanuts? How can I prevent it?

According to relevant calculations, the ratio of peanuts to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:1:3, peanuts are still one of the crops that need more calcium, calcium fertilizer is particularly important for peanuts, the lack of calcium element of peanuts empty fruit rate and fruit, single kernel fruit increased significantly, lack of calcium peanut root vitality decreased because of plastic film covering, inconvenient fertilization.

In addition, peanuts grow on roots under the soil, and fertilization will affect their rooting results. Fertilization is generally applied when planting peanuts. Pests and diseases are mainly used to control the big tooth worm, which will eat the newly grown red fire insecticidal fertilizer peanut special type to add calcium to the nutritional needs of peanuts.

Sulfur, molybdenum and other medium and trace elements can effectively ensure that peanuts do not defertilize during the growth period. No seed dressing, effective control of peanut mole crickets, grubs, needleworms, ground tigers and other underground pests and aphids, and.

<> planting peanuts, there are three common diseases: one is pathogenic diseases, mainly stem rot, leaf spot, yellow mosaic leaf disease, bacterial wilt, brown streak, rust, etc.; The second category is parasitic diseases, mainly root-knot nematode disease; Three types of external factor diseases, the main prevention and control methods: stem rot is mainly based on seed fungus, continuous cropping is serious, so a reasonable rotation should be implemented, seeds should be fully dried before storage, before sowing to carry out drying, seed selection, do not use mildew, poor quality seeds, do a good job of seed disinfection, with 50 carbendazim.

There are more than a dozen kinds of black spot, stem rot, anthracnose, brown spot, white silk disease, root rot, leaf spot, virus disease, bacterial wilt, rust, rot seeds, and blight. After peanuts are infected with bacterial wilt, milky white pus will appear in the rhizome part, and the leaves will wilt, but the color will remain green, and the high temperature and high humidity weather will be more conducive to the occurrence and infection of bacterial wilt. Control of aphids:

On the one hand, it can be mulched according to the amount of 3 carbofuran granules per mu when sowing peanuts, and on the other hand, 3000 times of 10 imidacloprid, 1000 times of 40 chlorpyrifos, and 1000 times of pine borer can be used in the early stage of the disease.

Peanut root rot, peanut rust, peanut stem rot. Control methods: Stem rot is mainly caused by seed bacteria.

Continuous cropping is seriously ill, and early sowing is seriously ill. Therefore, a reasonable rotation should be carried out. Seeds should be well dried before storage.

Seeds should be dried and picked before sowing. Seeds that are free of mildew and of poor quality should be sterilized. Seeds are mixed with 50% carbendazim by seed amount.

Leaf spot, cotton bollworm, aphid.

Agricultural control. After the peanut is harvested, the diseased residues in the field should be removed, and the ploughing should be carried out in time, and the seriously diseased plots should be rotated with gramineous crops for 2-3 years; Choose insect-resistant varieties and plant them in a reasonable manner.

Pests and diseases include: bacterial diseases, including stem rot, leaf spot, rust, etc.; There is also root-knot nematode disease, and finally there is the disease of external factors. The preventive measures are proper fertilization, reasonable hydration, and timely use of medicine, so as to increase production and income.

Each acre of land is about 1,000 catties for farmers. Dig through the machine deeply.

Using a machine to break up the soil in the field and leveling it is using a machine to plow the field into a mound. The distance between Shangqiu and Shangqiu is about 30cm. Shangqiu is about 40cm wide.

Each Shangqiu has a variety of peanuts. Then spread the film. Both sides of the film are covered with soil.

In the medium term, fertilization per mu, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer is about 30 kg. In case of drought, timely irrigation, lack of water will make the peanut particles not full, reducing the yield.

Peanut pests include red spiders, aphids and underground pests. The preferred drug for red spiders and aphids is 150-200 times 70% barium polysulfide wettable powder; It can also be used for timely prevention and control of dimethoate, imidacloprid and pyrethroid pesticides (such as Lefuling), and the specific application method should be applied in strict accordance with the instructions. Underground pests can be mixed with 1 kg of 50% phoxanthion EC and 50 kg of water, mixed with 300 kg of dry soil, and 15 kg of poisoned soil per mu during sowing.

When planting peanuts, the most important thing to pay attention to is that the most common pest and disease is called flower rust. The disease can be treated with spraying drugs. The following is a detailed description of four aspects.

1. Pathogenesis of flower rust.

The essence of flower rust is a fungal infection. The name of the fungus is erythase bacteria. This fungus is widely present in the soil and can easily infect peanuts, sweet potatoes and other crops that grow underground, and gibberella is the main pest and disease that causes peanut death.

If the scab is left unchecked, peanut yields will be reduced by at least 20 percent, and at most 50 percent. It's terrifying. The active temperature of gibberella is between 18 and 26 degrees.

Temperatures that are too high or too low can reduce the activity of gibberella. Gibberella infects peanuts by the appearance of pinpoint-like white spots on the leaves, and then the white spots will gradually expand until they expand to the whole leaf, and the whole leaf will appear white. This leads to the death of the peanut strain.

2. The onset season of flower rust.

Because the essence of flower rust is a fungal infection, it is a kind of living organism, so it can be affected by various conditions, the most important condition is temperature. Whether the temperature is too high or too low, it will affect the activity of enzymes in the cells of Gibberella, which will affect the activity of Gibberella. Therefore, in the cold season of winter and early spring, peanuts are basically not affected by gibberella.

In addition, in the middle of summer and early autumn, when the temperature is very high, the activity of gibberella will also be reduced, so peanuts will not be affected by scab. The peak of the outbreak of gibberella is in spring and autumn, and at this time, we should do a good job of preventing flower rust.

3. Prevention and prevention of flower rust.

The most common prevention and best way to prevent flower rust is to spray Bordeaux liquid, which is the most common and preferred antimicrobial agent because it is cheap and has a wide spectrum of antibacterial. Farmers generally spray peanuts with Bordeaux liquid twice in spring and autumn to prevent gibberella. If left unprevented, gibberellosis is almost 100% of the disease.

4. Food safety about flower rust.

As mentioned above, pesticide spraying is necessary in order to prevent and control flower rust. It reminds us that when eating peanuts, we must rinse them and eat them, and remember not to wipe them and eat them.

The above elaborates the mechanisms and control methods of the most common pests and diseases from the perspectives of pathogenesis, prevention and food safety.

First of all, we should pay attention to the temperature of planting, and then we should pay attention to controlling the fertility of the soil, and we should also spray pesticides in time, and we should water and fertilize in time, the more common pests and diseases are brown spot, stripe virus disease, anthracnose, yellow mosaic virus disease, bacterial wilt and so on.

Leaf spot, bacterial wilt, rust, yellow mosaic disease, brown streak, these are all things that need to be paid attention to, which can be solved by pesticides, or physical control work can be carried out in advance, and suitable varieties can be selected for planting.

White silk disease, leaf spot, bacterial wilt, brown streak, stem rot, to choose excellent varieties for planting, but also to remove bacteria in the soil in advance, to spray pesticides regularly, to choose targeted pesticides.

1. Peanut root rot: the base of the stem is soaked in water, and the leaves are dried from bottom to top, and the prevention and control method is to spray 50% carbendazim 1000 times in the early stage of the disease. 2. Peanut rust:

The bottom leaves of the plant begin to develop yellow blisters, and the control method is to spray 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution at the beginning of the disease. 3. Symptoms of peanut stem rot: the cotyledons at the seedling stage are dark brown, spreading along the petiole to the base of the stem.

1. Flower diseases and prevention methods.

1. Peanut root rot.

1) Symptoms: This disease will cause the stem base of the plant to be soaked in water, yellowish-brown, the leaves are dry from bottom to top, the taproot is brown rot, and only the taproot will be browned in the later stage.

2) Prevention and control methods: must carry out reasonable crop rotation, strict selection, carbendazim can be used for seed dressing, and 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid can be used for spraying in the early stage of the disease.

2. Peanut rust:

1) Symptoms: The disease generally starts from the bottom leaves, the leaves will produce yellow blisters, and a very narrow yellow halo will appear around, and the leaves will turn yellow, dry and fall off when it is more severe.

2) Prevention and control methods: In the early stage of crop disease, 75% chlorothalonil can be used 600 times and powder 25% times for spray control.

3. Peanut stem rot.

1) Symptoms: The cotyledons will appear dark brown at the seedling stage, and will spread along the petiole to the base of the stem, forming yellow-brown water-soaked spots, and finally turning black-brown. In the later stages, the disease first occurs at the base of the stem or the main lateral branches, and the upper part of the ground withers and dies.

2) Control methods: stem rot is mainly caused by seed bacteria, and the disease will be aggravated if the crops are cropped continuously and sown early. Therefore, a reasonable crop rotation should be carried out, the seeds must be fully dried before storage, and carbendazim should be used to dress the seeds.

4. Peanut leaf spot disease.

1) Symptoms: There are two main types of peanut leaf spot, namely brown spot and black spot. Leaf spot disease begins with yellow-brown and rust-colored lesions, which gradually expand into lesions ranging in size from 1 to 10 mm.

2) Prevention and control methods: After the peanut is harvested, the diseased residues in the field must be removed, and the diseased residues must be turned into the soil in time.

5. Peanut dwarf virus disease.

1) Symptoms: Diseased plants are generally very short, and they will shrink for a long time, and the height of the plant is 1 3-2 3 of the healthy plants. The leaves of the diseased plant become small and thick, the leaf color is dark green, and the fruit is small, and some of the husks will crack, revealing small purple-red seeds.

2) Prevention and control methods: We must select the seeds with full grains for seeding, strictly eliminate the diseased, small and discolored seeds, and reduce the initial infection and poison source in the field.

Leaf spot, root-knot nematode, rust, peanut root rot, peanut wilt, these diseases are to be controlled.

Leaf spot rust, rust, stem rot, bacterial wilt, root-knot nematode disease, these are all things that need to be controlled.

Stem rot If a peanut has stem rot, the cotyledons will turn black-brown, gradually lose water, and dry rot. In the later stage, if not treated in time, the black-brown disease will decay, from leaf to stem, until the upper part of the ground plant dies.

One way to control peanut stem rot is to choose peanut seeds with good disease resistance or seeds that do not carry pathogens before planting. And the same crop cannot be planted repeatedly on the same plot. Another method is to use drug spraying after the onset of the disease, spraying carbendazim with 800 times liquid two to three times, each time about a week apart, can effectively prevent stem rot from continuing to worsen.

Root rot can occur throughout the growth of peanuts. The disease is manifested by a bottom-up yellowing process of the leaves of the plant, which gradually falls off in the later stage, and the root system rots until death. Control method: Before planting, carbendazim is used to dress seeds, and the land is cleaned up with pests and diseases, and the disease is sprayed with 1000 times the liquid carbendazim (50%) after planting.

Aphids Aphids mainly attack the aboveground stems and leaves of peanuts, suck the sap of the leaves, and reproduce quickly, and if not treated in time, the growth of peanuts will be endangered. Early detection, early prevention and control, spraying with dimethoate spray can effectively eliminate aphids.

Grub Grub is an attack on the underground fruit of peanuts, not only will eat the peanut shell and fruit, but also bite off the peanut root system to cause the death of the plant, serious grub disease will affect a large number of flowers and seedlings, reduce yield. To deal with grubs, the first thing is to put a lot of effort into the soil before sowing, and evenly sprinkle carbofuran or phosphorus mixture, which can effectively control grubs with ploughing into the soil. After sowing, it can be buried near the roots of peanuts with phosphine mixed with fine soil to achieve the effect of effective treatment.