The general and special laws of historical materialism

Materialist history is more respectful of objective facts. Its law refers to the special law that often appears frequently and is recognized by most people, and refers to the law that appears under special circumstances.

The basic laws of socio-historical development:

1. The contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production, the contradiction between the economic base and the superstructure, is the basic contradiction that runs through the whole process of human society.

2. The relations of production must be adapted to the law of the state of the productive forces, and the superstructure must be adapted to the law of the state of the economic foundation, which is a universal law that plays a role in any society, and is the basic law of the development of human society.

Extended Materials. The driving force of socio-historical development: the masses of the people.

1. The masses of the people are the creators of the material wealth of the society, and the brighteners imitate the gods.

The production activities of the broad masses are the basis for the existence and development of society. The masses of the people who are engaged in the production of material materials and promote the development of material production are the decisive force for promoting the development of social history.

2. The masses of the people are the creators of the spiritual wealth of society.

The life and practice of the masses of the people is the source of the formation and development of all spiritual wealth. The practice of the masses of the people has provided the necessary material conditions for the creation of spiritual wealth. The masses of the people have also directly created abundant social and spiritual wealth.

3. The masses of the people are the decisive force for social change.

The masses of the people are the main force of social change at all times. The masses of the people are constantly creating and changing social relations by pushing the development of the productive forces in the chain, so as to constantly promote the progress and development of social history.

The basic laws of historical materialism include the contradiction between the starvation chain of production and the rotten relationship between production, the contradiction between the economic base and the superstructure, the determination of social consciousness by social existence, the masses of the people as the creators of history, and the opposition to idealism and historical nihilism.

These laws reveal the development law of human society, which is of great significance for us to understand social phenomena, social development trends, formulate social policies, and promote social progress.

Basic Laws of Materialist Dialectics:

1. The law of unity of opposites.

The law of the unity of opposites is the fundamental law of materialist dialectics, also known as the law of unity of opposites and the law of struggle or the law of contradiction. It reveals that everything in the natural, social and intellectual realms and between things contains contradictions, and that the two sides of the contradictions are unified and struggle to promote the movement, change and development of things. The connotation of the law of the unity of opposites is embodied in:

the identity and struggle of both sides of the contradiction; the universality and particularity of contradictions; The contradictions in the development of things and the imbalance in the development of the two sides of the contradictions.

2. The law of negation of negation.

The law of negation of negation, one of the basic laws of dialectics, is to reveal the trend and path of the development of things and the dialectical essence of the continuous progress of the development of human understanding in twists and turns. It shows that the whole process of the development of things themselves is composed of the negation of affirmation, negation, and negation. Among them, the negation of negation is the core of the process, the result of the contradictory movement of things themselves, and the form of contradiction resolution.

3. The law of mutual change of quality.

The law of mutual change of quality, also known as "the law of quantitative change and qualitative change", and "the law of transformation from quantitative change to qualitative change". One of the basic laws of materialist dialectics. It reveals that the development of things and phenomena caused by internal contradictions is achieved through the mutual transformation of quantitative and qualitative changes.

In China, ancient philosophers once spontaneously recognized that quantitative change will cause qualitative change, such as Lao Tzu in the pre-Qin period: "The wood of the hug is born at the end of the millimeter; The nine-story platform starts from the soil. ”

Basic Categories: There are five pairs of basic categories of materialist dialectics, namely cause and effect, necessity and contingency, reality and possibility, content and form, phenomenon and essence.

The essence and law of social and economic development is one of the cores of historical materialism, and the basic laws of society can be expounded from many aspects. First of all, one of the basic laws of society is that the productive forces determine the nature and level of development of the relations of production. In other words, the improvement and progress of the productive forces are the most fundamental factors promoting the progress of social history, while the relations of production are the reflection and embodiment of the development of the productive forces, and the relationship between the two is closely linked.

The lack of support for the corresponding level of productivity, especially in the innovation and development of science and technology and industry, cannot keep up, and the needs of the people and the needs of society are not met, which will bring obstacles and problems to economic and social development.

Further, historical materialism holds that the development of productive forces is uneven, which leads to unequal production relations and social contradictions. With the continuous improvement of the development of the productive forces, the centralization of the means of production has shown a trend of gradual intensification. The high concentration of the means of production has subverted the traditional social mode of production, produced the accumulation and concentration of capital and surplus value, and formed antagonism and contradictions between the working class and the bourgeoisie.

In this process, the planning of the social division of labor is also intensifying, and the differences in the interests and rights of each individual and group are also gradually widening, which will also intensify class differences and contradictions, and promote the rupture and transformation of the social track.

In addition, changes in the relations of production and changes in social structure will also bring about changes in the size and pattern of the population, which is indeed the inevitable result of social changes. Population and social and economic development are interdependent, especially at a time when economic recession and social contradictions are intensifying, the population issue is particularly important. For example, in the process of transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society, there is a rapid trend of population migration and concentration to cities, which will lead to the development of urban society and change the structure of agricultural and pastoral areas.

However, in a highly developed industrial society, the problems of large cities have become more complex, such as housing, education, people's livelihood and welfare, etc., which have attracted people's attention and have also become important considerations for the country and the country to maintain operations.

To sum up, the basic idea of the basic laws of society based on historical materialism is the law of continuous adjustment and change of production relations with the development of productive forces. We must fully understand and grasp these laws, because they are of extremely important significance for guiding China's modernization drive, promoting the people's well-being, and maintaining the stability of the basic economic and social operations. <>

The way in which historical materialism reveals the laws of history ().

a.In the analysis of social production relations, the law of social development is discovered.

b.The laws of history are discovered from the social relations of ideas and "speculative reasoning".

c.Grasp the laws of history from the actual activities of people.

d.Grasp the laws of history from the "general development of the human spirit."

Correct answer: discover the laws of social development in the in-depth analysis of social production relations; Grasp the laws of history from the actual activities of human beings.

Historical materialism points out that the fundamental reason for the occurrence of all events in history is the abundance of materials, and the development of social history has its own inherent objective laws. The mode of production of material life determines the general course of social, political and spiritual life; Social existence (i.e., the system and structure of society, and the various elements that make up society) determine social consciousness (i.e., the consciousness, demands, thoughts, etc. that accompany the system architecture), and social consciousness can shape and change social existence.

The contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production (the relationship between the owners of the factors of production and the providers of the productive forces), and the contradictions between the economic base (and the forms of economic organization revealed by the productive forces and the relations of production) and the superstructure, can be used as a starting point for the study of social development.