How is the engine made? How does a car s engine work?

How car engines work.

The fuel is atomized when it is sprayed out at high pressure, mixed with air, ignited or compressed by spark plug ignition in the combustion chamber (that is, cylinder barrel) to form a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which pushes the piston to move up and down repeatedly, and through the crank connecting rod mechanism, the upper and lower piston movements are converted into crankshaft rotation work. One end of the crankshaft is connected to the flywheel to rotate all the way, and then it is transmitted to the transmission mechanism, and the ground transmission mechanism is finally transmitted to the wheel.

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To put it simply, the gasoline in the cylinder is burned, and high-pressure gas is generated to push the piston to reciprocate, and then converted into the rotary motion of the shaft through the crank.

Diesel: low ignition point, no spark plug using compression ignition, process: piston inhale air downward, then close the intake and exhaust valves, and the piston compresses the gas upwards to only 35 50 atmospheres, and the temperature is high.

At this time, the fuel injector injects fuel, and the diesel fuel burns violently when it encounters high-pressure air. Push the piston down. The exhaust valve opens and the piston excretes the exhaust gases upwards.

Gasoline: The ignition point is high before the electronic ignition, the process: the intake valve opens the piston to suck the mixture of gasoline and air downward, and the piston compresses the gas upwards to 15 20 atmospheres The spark plug discharges at high pressure.

Causes the gas to burn violently. Push the piston down, and when the piston moves up again the door is lined up. Exhaust gases.

Diesel is generally loaded in trucks such as tractors because diesel is powerful, but bulky and noisy.

Gasoline is used in cars, clean and high-speed.

Engine working process: air intake - compression - fuel injection - combustion - expansion work - exhaust. An engine is a machine that can convert other forms of energy into mechanical energy, which was first born in the United Kingdom, and can be applied to both the power generation device and the entire machine including the power plant.

Intake stroke. The working fluid that enters the cylinder is pure air. Due to the less resistance of the diesel engine intake system, the pressure at the end of the intake air is pa= (, which is higher than that of the gasoline engine. The intake terminal temperature ta=300 340K, which is lower than that of a gasoline engine.

Compression stroke. Since the compressed working fluid is pure air, the compression ratio of diesel engines is higher than that of gasoline engines (generally =16 22). The pressure at the end of compression is 3 000 5 000 kPa, and the temperature at the end of compression is 750 1 000 K, which greatly exceeds the autoignition temperature of diesel (about 520 K).

Do the power stroke. When the compression stroke is nearing the end, under the action of the high-pressure oil pump, the diesel is sprayed into the cylinder combustion chamber through the injector at a high pressure of about 10MPa, and it is mixed with air in a very short time and immediately ignites and burns by itself. The pressure of the gas in the cylinder rises rapidly to a maximum of 5 000 9 000 kPa and a maximum temperature of 1 800 2 000 K.

Because the diesel engine is self-ignited and burned by compression, the diesel engine is called a compression-ignition engine.

Exhaust stroke. The exhaust of a diesel engine is basically the same as that of a gasoline engine, except that the exhaust temperature is lower than that of a gasoline engine. General TR = 700 900K.

For single-cylinder engines, their rotational speed is uneven, the engine works unsmoothly, and the vibration is large. This is because only one of the four strokes is work-done, and the other three are those that consume power in preparation for work. To solve this problem, the flywheel must have a large enough moment of inertia, which in turn leads to an increase in the mass and size of the entire engine.

The use of multi-cylinder engines can compensate for the above shortcomings. Modern automobiles mostly use four-, six- and eight-cylinder engines.

Photo by Ling Xiufang) @2019

A gasoline engine converts the energy of gasoline into kinetic energy to drive a car, and the easiest way to do this is to obtain kinetic energy by burning gasoline inside the engine. Therefore, a car engine is an internal combustion engine --- combustion takes place inside the engine.

There are two things to note:

1 There are other types of internal combustion engines, such as diesel engines and gas turbines, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

2 There are also external combustion engines. The steam engine used in early trains and ships was a typical external combustion engine. Fuel (coal, wood, oil) is burned outside the engine to produce vapor, which then enters the inside of the engine to generate power.

The efficiency of an internal combustion engine is much higher than that of an external combustion engine, and it is also much smaller than that of an external combustion engine of the same power. So, modern cars don't use steam engines.

In contrast, internal combustion engines are more efficient than external combustion engines, cheaper than gas turbines, and easier to refuel than electric vehicles. These advantages have led most modern cars to use reciprocating internal combustion engines.

To understand the principle of starting, the main thing is to know how the engine is ignited!

The ignition system of an automobile is mainly composed of a battery, a generator, an ignition switch, an ignition coil, a capacitor, a distributor (cut-off and a distributor), a spark plug, a high-voltage line and an additional resistor.

The ignition coil consists of a primary coil (low-voltage part) and a secondary coil (high-voltage part). Connected to the primary coil are the ignition switch, the cut-off and the capacitor. Connected to the secondary coil are the power distributor, the high-voltage wire, and the spark plug.

When the piston of a cylinder reaches the end of the compression stroke, the distributor head in the distributor just turns to the side electrode that is connected with the cylinder spark plug, and the contact of the breaker is just opened, and the secondary circuit flows to the spark plug through the distributor, the side electrode and the high-voltage line to produce an electric spark.

Under the condition that the engine is working normally, the generator supplies power to the battery and the point system; If the power consumption is large, the battery and generator will be jointly powered; When the engine is started, the generator is unable to generate electricity, and the battery is powered.

A battery is like an energy conversion device. When charging, the electrical energy is converted into chemical energy and stored. When electricity is used, the stored chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

The distributor is adjusted in advance by the cut-off, the power distributor, the capacitor and the ignition?

The function of the breaker is to periodically turn on and off the primary circuit so that high voltage is induced in the secondary circuit. Its main part is a pair of contacts. One is fixed and the other is active.

These two contacts are usually closed, and the movable contacts open and close as the engine crankshaft rotates.

The function of the power distributor is to distribute the high-voltage electricity to the spark plugs of each cylinder in turn according to the working order of each cylinder of the female motor. It is made of a distributor cover and a distributor head wire.

The device that generates an electric spark in the ignition system of a car is a spark plug. Spark plugs are subjected to high pressure, high intensity loads, chemical corrosion and heat loads, and work in environments with high alternating frequencies of cold and heat. Its electrodes and skirts are corroded by high-temperature gas, so its electrodes must be made of materials with good heat transfer, high temperature resistance and high corrosion.

I don't need to talk about the rest, it's the principle of the clutch and the gasoline engine!

The process by which other forms of energy are converted into kinetic energy. For example, the electric energy of the motor becomes kinetic energy through the left-hand rule or the process of cutting magnetic field lines; The internal combustion engine is the process of chemical energy that becomes kinetic energy through the work process of combustion. --

Powering the aircraft's starting flight.

The engine is the core part of the engine, so it is customary to refer to the engine as well. The main component of the engine is the cylinder, which is also the source of power for the entire car. Strictly speaking, the world's first engine was invented by a British scientist in 1680 AD.

In the writing of a game, the engine refers to the main program used to control all the functions of the game.

The engine of the car is the power source, the force that drives the car forward.

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Casting But after that, the machine will also be machining.

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Both gasoline and diesel engines are called thermal engines! It is all through the thermal expansion generated by the airtight explosion of the high calorific value fuel to push the piston to do work! Not.

The pushed straight piston converts this force into rotational power by the movable connecting rod and crankshaft! The crankshaft flywheel rotates smoothly by inertia!

The working procedure of the four-stroke engine is: suction! Compression! Deflagration! (The diesel engine is compression ignition!) The gasoline engine is high-pressure spark ignition! ), exhaust!

The two-stroke engine is operated by the absence of intake and exhaust valves (only the intake and exhaust side scavenging holes!). And it is combined into two itineraries! (Pressing and exploding as one!) Platoon and advance into two! )

The internal combustion engine was invented by using the principle of piston workmanship driven by gas expansion. It was first invented by Watt in England based on the fact that the lid of the kettle was lifted by steam when boiling water, which evolved into the later internal combustion engine.

It is made by the principle that internal energy can be converted into mechanical energy.

Turbofan engine generally refers to turbofan engine. Turbofan engines, also known as "turbofan engines". It is a gas turbine engine in which the gas ejected from the nozzle and the air discharged from the fan together produce a reaction thrust.