What is holmium laser, and what is laser?

Holmium laser is a laser crystal (CR:TM:HO:) with yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) as the activation medium, and sensitized ions chromium (CR), energy transfer ions thulium (TM), and activated ions holmium (HO).

YAG). It can be applied to urology, ENT department, **department, ** department and other departments. This laser procedure is non-invasive or minimally invasive, and the patient's pain is very minimal.

The application of holmium laser has brought the development of urinary calculi to a new level. The holmium laser wavelength, pulsed laser, is the latest of many surgical lasers.

The energy generated vaporizes the water between the end of the fiber and the stone, forming tiny vacuoles, and transferring the energy to the stone, which crushes the stone into a powder. Water absorbs a lot of energy and reduces damage to surrounding tissues. At the same time, the penetration depth of holmium laser into human tissues is very shallow, only.

Therefore, when crushing stones, it can achieve minimal damage to the surrounding tissues and is extremely safe.

In 1958, the American scientists Schawlow and Townes they proposed"Laser principle", that is, when a substance is excited by energy at the same frequency as the intrinsic oscillation of its molecules, it produces this non-divergent strong light-laser. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964.

On July 7, 1960, Theodore Meyman announced the creation of the world's first laser, and Meyman's plan was to use a high-intensity flash tube to excite rubies.

The English name of the laser is.

laser, ie.

lightamplification

bythestimulated

emission

ofradiation

Abbreviation. The full English name of the laser has fully expressed the main process of manufacturing the laser. But before we can explain this process, we must first understand the structure of matter, and the principles of radiation and absorption of light.

Matter is made up of atoms. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon atom. At the center of the atom is the nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged, while neutrons are not. The periphery of the atom.

Negatively charged electrons are distributed and move around the nucleus. Interestingly, the energy of an electron in an atom is not arbitrary. Quantum mechanics, which describes the microscopic world, tells us that these electrons will be at some fixed energy level, different energies.

Levels correspond to different electron energies. For the sake of simplicity, we can think of these energy levels as some orbits around the nucleus, as shown in Figure 1, and the farther away from the nucleus, the higher the energy of the orbit. In addition, the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in different orbitals is also different, such as the lowest orbital.

also the orbit of the nearest nucleus).

Up to a maximum of one.

2 electrons, the higher orbital can accommodate.

8 electrons and so on. In fact, this oversimplified model is not entirely correct.

1], but it is enough to help us illustrate the basic principles of lasers.

The light emitted by the excitation of particles using certain atoms. Laser is another major invention of mankind since the 20th century after nuclear energy, computers and semiconductors, and is known as the fastest knife, the most accurate ruler and the brightest light. <

Lasers are light emitted by the excitation of particles of certain atoms. Laser is another major invention of mankind since the 20th century after nuclear energy, computers and semiconductors, and is known as the fastest knife, the most accurate ruler and the brightest light.