Briefly evaluate the merits and demerits of the Shang martingale reform. Please, everyone. 30

Of course, it is a merit for the Qin State. For the aristocracy, they don't want to accept it.

Historical role: Economically: It fundamentally established the private ownership of land and brought vitality to the agricultural production of the Qin State.

Politically: to make the functions of the feudal state apparatus more sound, and the construction of the centralized system began from this.

Militarily: The combat effectiveness of the Qin army was greatly improved, and the Qin state seized the initiative in the war of foreign annexation.

In short, the Shang Dynasty reform was the most thorough reform during the Warring States Period. The law was changed to the rich country and strong army of the Qin State and the unification of the Qin State later.

The foundation was laid. It played an important role in the development of the Qin State and even the history of China.

Historical limitations: The Shang Dynasty reform was in a period of historical alternation, and the historical characteristics of the extremely fierce struggle between the old and new forces and the class nature of the reform made the reform inevitably have certain limitations. Changing the law despises education and advocating heavy punishment for minor crimes.

To a certain extent, the reform of the law has aggravated the exploitation and oppression of the broad masses of the people. The reform of the law has not completely separated itself from the culture and customs of the old system.

My personal opinion: The Shang Dynasty reform conformed to the direction of historical development, promoted the development of Qin society, and reflected the requirements of that era. Although the Shang Dynasty reform has limitations, these cannot hide the great progress of its reform.

Its positivity is the mainstream, and its negativity is secondary.

The Shang Dynasty reform opened the way for the Qin State to unify the world. But because of this, he offended many nobles. Eventually, he was killed by the rebels in his fiefdom of Shangyi.

I sympathize with Shang Ying, but I can't help it, didn't Wu Qi also offend the nobles by changing the law and was killed? Righteous people will always be like this, changing the law for the sake of the country, but offending those nobles who are greedy for wealth and nobility.

Shang Ying is still a man of his word, and he has won the trust of many people by standing wood.

Shang Ying was originally in the Wei State, and his friend Gongsun Yan recommended him to the King of Wei, but it was a pity that the King of Wei missed such a great person.

The Shang Dynasty changed the law and played a great role in the way of Qin's hegemony.

After the Shang Dynasty reformed the law, the Qin State established a feudal system, and the social economy developed rapidly. The development of the economy provided the conditions for the Qin state to unify the world.

(2018 Suizhou) The 5,000-year civilization history of the Chinese nation has given birth to the excellent traditional Chinese culture.

2014 Yichang) During the Warring States Period, the changes of the vassal states promoted social progress, among which the social reform that made the Qin State gradually stronger was the Shang Dynasty reform.

2013 Xiangyang) Shang Yang Reform took place in the Qin State.

2010 Huangshi) Shang Martingale reform method is the most significant effect of the reform method in China's Warring States Period. The state recognizes private ownership of land as part of the reform.

Shang Ying entered Qin from Wei and put forward a set of development strategies such as abandoning well fields, emphasizing agriculture and mulberry, awarding military merits, implementing unified measurements, and establishing a county system, which won the trust of Qin Xiaogong.

The Shang Dynasty reformed the law and laid a solid foundation for the First Chinese Empire. After the Shang Dynasty reform, Qin's economy developed, the combat effectiveness of the army was continuously strengthened, and it developed into the richest and most powerful centralized state in the late Warring States period.

He abolished the feudal system and the public land system since the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and established decrees such as the awarding of military merits and the reclamation of wasteland, opening up channels for economic circulation and personal promotion.

Question 1: How to evaluate the Shang Martingale Reform: What are the reasons for the success of the Shang Martingale Reform.

1) The reform conforms to the historical development trend and conforms to the national conditions of the Qin State, which is the fundamental reason for the success of the reform.

2) The reform was strongly supported by Qin Xiaogong, and the implementation of the reform measures was resolute, which was also an important reason for the success of the reform.

3) Shang Ying, regardless of his personal safety, dared to resolutely fight against the old forces.

Question 2: The reasons for the success of the Shang Martingale reform The reasons for the success of the Shang Martingale reform.

1) The reform conforms to the historical development trend and conforms to the national conditions of the Qin State, which is the fundamental reason for the success of the reform.

2) The reform was strongly supported by Qin Xiaogong, and the implementation of the reform measures was resolute, which was also an important reason for the success of the reform.

3) Shang Ying, regardless of his personal safety, dared to resolutely fight against the old forces.

Question 3: What is the method of evaluating the success or failure of the reform in history The first is to discuss the impact on the social economy at that time, such as the Shang Dynasty reform of the Qin Dynasty, which made the Qin State develop politically and economically, and leapt to one of the great powers, leaving the foundation for the later unification of the Six Kingdoms.

The second is whether the reform is sustained, for example, Wang Anshi's reform in the Song Dynasty, although it has a temporary positive impact on the country, it is very short-lived and can be regarded as a failure.

The third is the impact on the entire history, such as Zhang Juzheng's whip law in the Ming Dynasty, which unified all tax burdens, changed China's 2000-year tax tradition, and had a positive effect on future generations.

The above hope can give you some ideas, but there are many changes in history, some involve the transformation of the whole society including politics, economy, culture, and military, and some are aimed at a certain aspect of reform, and the study of each change can write countless doctorates, and there is no way to judge whether a change is successful or failed.

The best way to do this is to look at the material and form your own opinion.

The Shang Dynasty Reform was a well-known reform initiative in Chinese history, a series of reform measures proposed and implemented by Shang Ying, the governor of Chu during the Warring States period, between 334 BC and 329 BC. The main measures of the Shang Martingale Reform Law are as follows:

1. Land reformShang Ying proposed the reform measure of "public ownership of land", that is, the land was confiscated to the state and then distributed to the peasants according to their labor capacity and production capacity. This reform measure is aimed at resolving disputes over land ownership and promoting the development of agricultural production.

2. Military reform:Shang Ying proposed a "people-oriented" military reform measure, that is, the "reward system" of generals was ended, and promotions were started on the basis of position and contribution. This reform measure is aimed at improving the efficiency of military organization and making the army more professional.

3. Social reformShang Ying proposed the social reform measure of "rule of law", that is, the establishment of a legal system to make the society more rule of law. This reform measure aims to regulate social relations and promote the harmonious development of society.

Characteristics: The core content of the reform is "heavy agriculture" and "rule of law". The Shang Dynasty Reform Law is the most thorough, the most comprehensive, the longest-lasting, and the most far-reaching reform. Judging by the results of the reform, this reform has had its successes and failures.

Summarize the characteristics of the martingale transformation method.

Peculiarity. (1) The core content is to encourage "agricultural warfare" and implement the "legal system".

2) The essence is to abolish the privileges of the slave owners and aristocracy and establish the rule of the new landlord class.

3) It was the most thorough, the most effective blow to the old aristocracy, the most comprehensive and long-lasting reform during the Warring States period.

4) The most far-reaching influence, not only laid the foundation for Qin's unification of the whole country, but also had a significant impact on the development of Chinese history.

Where to go. The Shang Dynasty Reform was a relatively thorough reform movement of feudalism during the Warring States Period, which conformed to the trend of feudal historical development, promoted the transformation of slave society to feudal society, conformed to the interests of the emerging landlord class, and greatly promoted social progress and historical development.

Through reforms, the Qin state abolished the old system and created a new system adapted to social and economic development.

The reforms promoted the social progress of the Qin State and promoted the development of the economy.

At the same time, it has strengthened its national strength and made the country rich and its army strong.

It laid the foundation for the unification of the whole country in the future and played an important role in the development of Chinese history.

If you are weak, you will perish, and if you are backward, you will be beaten, and it has become an iron-blooded reality with almost no buffer. Shang Ying led the poor and weak Qin State to completely change the law and completely refresh himself. Shang Ying said:

The thousand-year-old strong king "made China proud for a whole thousand years, China remembered him, and Chang'an, which has a strong history of a thousand years, is with the soul of Shang Ying.

Don't listen to the slander of those who don't use foreign domination dynasties in the back, take a closer look at the archaeological Qin Jian to know that the Qin Dynasty is the only surviving dynasty in China where the legal system is clear and the people in China live and work in peace and contentment. Otherwise, it is impossible to unify China.

The Qin Empire rose in the forest of iron-blooded competition, and embraced the vigorous, simple, innovative and realistic spirit of that era. She advocated the rule of law, made thorough reforms, worked hard to build, unify the country, unify civilization, and pursued unswervingly and persistently for more than 160 years and six generations of leaders to complete the greatest imperial revolution, establish a strong and unified empire, create a new era of iron civilization, and complete the great historical transformation of China's agricultural civilization.

The Shang Dynasty abolished the old system, promoted agricultural production, improved the combat effectiveness of the army, and made the Qin State the richest and most powerful vassal state in the late Warring States period, laying a solid foundation for the annexation of the Six Kingdoms and the unification of China in the future.

The Shang Dynasty's reform may be reduced to using the harshest laws to restrain the people from blockading the country and imprisoning the people's minds, and using detailed laws to maximize human resources and push the country into a war power. We can also see a similar situation in Germany in the early years of the two world wars.

The Shang Dynasty Reform was the first reform at the beginning of feudal society in Chinese history, which laid the foundation for the victory of feudal society, which was an advanced social form at that time, over slave society.

It can be said that the feudal society at that time was very positive, much more advanced than the slave society, and the Shang Dynasty reform was to change the negative and backward part of the slave society, introduce new characteristics of the feudal society, and represent the interests of a new class, that is, the landlord class.

This greatly boosted the productivity of the Qin state, and the direct result was the continuous expansion of the power of the Qin state, and this influence was later transmitted to other vassal states, so that the feudal society completely replaced the slave society in China. But later feudal society became a kind of self-contained society, and there were few such active reforms.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: Don't talk about the good, just the bad.

Analysis: The reform of Shang Yang has had a huge historical effect, and Legalist thought has been the dominant political thought since then. The Book of Shang Jun, which reflects Shang Ying's thoughts, not only talks about "law", but also involves the discussion of "potential" and "number", and there is a debate against Confucianism.

The concept of "potential" and "number" is the monarch has the power of independence and "autocracy", that is, the new concept that arises after the "change of the law". These new concepts are of positive significance to the development and consolidation of the feudal system.

However, "Qin used the martingale to connect the method of sitting together, and created the punishment of ginseng; The increase in corporal punishment, resignation, and the punishment of chiseling, coercion, and cooking in a wok" ("Hanshu Criminal Law Chronicles") and other severe punishments, especially the high-pressure policy of "burning poems" pioneered by Shang Ying, not only suppressed the people's minds to the extreme, but also destroyed China's cultural classics.