Analyze the impact of strong aid on China at the end of the 19th century

(1) The first is to bring a new way of disseminating information to the Chinese.

2) Advanced intellectuals disseminate advanced Western ideas, i.e., democracy and science, through newspapers and periodicals, and promote the emancipation of the minds of the Chinese people.

3) It led to the later Wuxu Reform and the Xinhai Revolution.

A Question Analysis: This question tests students' ability to analyze historical phenomena, using horizontal connections and considering from a political and cultural perspective. At the end of the 19th century, the initial development of China's modern national industry brought the bourgeoisie onto the stage of history as a new force. accelerated the disintegration and collapse of feudal production relations and political systems; China's modernization began to advance from artifacts to the institutional level.

Therefore, the answer is item A. The initial development of national industry does not seriously threaten the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and item b is incorrect; The initial development of the national industry has increased the fiscal revenue of the Qing Dynasty, but this is the social impact of the initial development of the national industry, so item c is incorrect; The beginning of the change in China's modern economic structure occurred after the Opium War, so item d is incorrect.

Comments: Regarding the tortuous development of national capitalism in modern China, the perspective of the college entrance examination is mainly focused on: (1) There are many factors that affect the development of national capitalism in China, but they are different at each stage. (2) Most of the non-multiple-choice questions in this test center belong to comprehensive test questions, which require an understanding of the characteristics of the stage, such as the generation, initial development, and first period of national capitalism; From a horizontal point of view, the development of the national capitalist economy is linked to the situation of China's democratic revolution, the idea of social progress, and the changes in social life, and the relationship between economy and politics, culture and social life is examined.

The development of capitalism is divided into the following stages:

primitive capital accumulation; the progressive development of the country; bourgeois revolution; capitalist expansion; Imperialism.

The primitive accumulation of capital in China is not much, and the early capitalist countries mainly carry out capital accumulation through the triangle;

In the 19th century, capitalism entered the stage of expansion, needed raw materials and markets, and China, as all the big countries of the two, naturally became the object of aggression, at first, the Western powers only exported commodities, but the social status quo of China's small peasant economy was obviously not conducive to the development of the commodity economy, so the powers began to forcibly open the Chinese market, which occupied the concession, which was equivalent to having a market, so China from 1840, more than 100 years has been a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

In the 20th century, capitalism rapidly expanded into imperialism, and until the outbreak of World War I, the aggression of the great powers against China was intensifying, and its effects were as follows:

The violation of China's sovereignty has caused China to experience a turbulent political situation for more than a century, making it impossible for the people to live in peace and the people to work happily, and greatly destroying the social productive forces, but at the same time, the aggression of the great powers has accelerated the disintegration of China's small-scale peasant economy, accelerated the process of China's modernization, and also disseminated the progressive ideas of democracy and science.

From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, under the impetus of the second industrial revolution, the world capitalist countries transitioned to the imperialist stage, and the monopoly bourgeoisie entered a new stage of aggression against China out of the new requirements of the world market (expanding colonies and opening up places for capital export). There was a serious new crisis in China's border regions, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and the frenzy of the Great Powers to carve up China.

Impact: The struggle and exploration of the Chinese people did not stop China from becoming a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the signing of the Xinqiao Treaty marked China's complete fall into the abyss of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

It brought heavy disasters to the Chinese people and reduced China to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society; Economically, it broke China's feudal self-sufficient economy, politically shook the rule of the feudal dynasty, ideologically exposed Chinese to more advanced Western ideas and theories, and indirectly promoted China's industrialization.

After the industrial revolution, Western capitalism needed a vast consumer market and raw material production areas, so it invaded other countries. The Opium War, the Second Opium War, the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and the opening of the Chinese market, China fell into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the Qing Dynasty became the court of foreigners.

(1) Characteristics: A large number of industrial and commercial towns with economic functions have emerged in the Jiangnan area; The monetary economy occupies a major position, ** becoming the currency of ordinary circulation; the trend of commercialization of agricultural products has intensified; Labor power became a commodity, the germ of capitalist relations of production appeared and developed slowly; The regional merchant groups are mainly concentrated in the Jiangnan region, and as the center of gravity, the degree of commodity economic development is higher than that of other regions. Factors:

The rulers adhered to the idea of agriculture, adopted a policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, strictly restricted the activities of merchants, and imposed heavy taxes; Implement the policy of closing the country to the outside world, and strictly restrict external factors.

2) Changes: After the Opium War, silk and tea production in the Jiangnan region became increasingly commoditized and colonized, and the small-scale peasant economy began to disintegrate; the emergence of foreign capitalist enterprises; the emergence of government-run enterprises and civilian industries established by the Westernists; National capitalism emerges.

Reason: After the Opium War, China began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society; The capitalist aggression has made China increasingly involved in the capitalist world market, destroyed China's national economy, objectively spread the capitalist mode of production, and attacked the backward economic system.

This question is mainly to compare China's economy before and after the Opium War, and to understand the reasons why China has been backward and beaten in modern times.