Since the founding of the People s Republic of China, China has taken the main steps in the reform o

Agricultural production in New China can be divided into three stages, namely 1949-1978, 1979-2003, and 2004-present.

From 1949 to 1978, the idea of "taking grain as the key link" and "unified purchasing and marketing" of agricultural products emphasized the comprehensive balance of agricultural production, which was a kind of "big agriculture" that went beyond simple grain production. However, in actual work, "taking grain as the key link and developing in an all-round way" has become "taking grain as the key link and sweeping away the rest" in many localities, which has greatly affected the healthy development of the national economy.

From 1979 to 2003, the "active development of diversified operations" and the initial marketization of the supply of agricultural products promoted the in-depth development of agricultural production in terms of adjusting and optimizing the structure of agricultural production, developing the processing industry of agricultural products, and relying on scientific and technological progress to develop fine varieties. He also pointed out that the central task of the new stage is to carry out strategic restructuring of agriculture, and it is required to readjust and optimize the planting structure and develop animal husbandry and agricultural product processing industries.

2004 to the present: diversification and complete marketization of agricultural product supply, on February 8, 2004, the "Opinions of the Communist Party of China ***** on Promoting Several Policies for Farmers to Increase Their Income" was released, focusing on solving the problem of how to improve farmers' income, since then, it has been issued for 14 consecutive years to guide the "three rural" work of the first "No. 1 document", which provides a material and institutional guarantee for China's agricultural production and the sustainable development of rural economy and society.

Implement a household responsibility system for contracting production.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the details of the four reforms and adjustments in China's rural production relations are as follows:

The first: land reform.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, land reform was continued, and the land of the feudal landlord class was confiscated and owned by the peasants. In order to abolish the feudal exploitation system, liberate the rural productive forces, and liberate the vast numbers of poor hired peasants from the rule and oppression of the landlord class, it is necessary to carry out land reform. During the People's Liberation War, the Party formulated the "Outline of China's Land Law" and carried out land reform in the old liberated areas such as Northeast China and North China.

At that time, land reform had been carried out in areas of the country with a population of more than 100 million. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in June 1950, the people passed the promulgation of the "Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China", and from the winter of that year began to implement land reform in the vast newly liberated areas, confiscated the land of the landlord class, distributed it to the landless and landless peasants, abolished the feudal land ownership system of the landlord class, and implemented the land ownership system of the peasants. Second time:

Agricultural cooperatives.

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), agricultural cooperativeization is the process of transforming an individual agricultural economy based on private ownership of the means of production into an agricultural cooperative economy based on public ownership of the means of production through various forms of mutual assistance and cooperation. This process of social change is also known as the collectivization of agriculture.

The third time: the communization of the people.

In the rural people's communization movement, a "communist" wind blew throughout the country. In many respects, the boundaries between national and collective ownership, socialism and communism are blurred.

The commune arbitrarily transferred the labor, capital, land, and property of its members and production teams, abolished the peasants' self-reserved land, and expropriated the peasants. The principle of distribution according to work has been undermined, and serious egalitarianism has occurred, which has dampened the peasants' enthusiasm for production. In the winter of 1960, he began to correct the "leftist" mistakes in rural work and gradually solved some of the major problems that had been recognized at that time since the communization movement of the rural people.

Fourth: Household Responsibility System.

Reason: We have correctly summed up the lessons and lessons of cooperativeization and people's communization, and made the decision to carry out economic structural reform. Core content: On the premise of adhering to the public ownership of land, change the mode of operation and management, implement separate household management, and assume responsibility for its own profits and losses.

Result: It has greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers and promoted the development of agricultural production.

The People's Republic of China was

Post-agricultural production relations.

The first of the four major readjustments was the land reform, which changed the landlord land ownership system to the peasant land ownership system. The second is the three major transformations, changing the peasant land ownership system to collective ownership. The third is the people's communization movement, which pursues "one large and two publics", that is, the scale is large and the degree of public ownership is high, which further increases the degree of public ownership of land.

For the fourth time, the household responsibility system was implemented.

On the premise of not changing the state ownership of land, the right to operate land should be contracted to peasants.

Agricultural production relations are the social relations formed by peasants in the process of rural agricultural production. Agrarian economics refers to economic relations in agriculture.

and economic activity in general. It includes economic activities and economic relations in terms of production, exchange, distribution, consumption, etc. Its development has its own laws, and there are a series of special economic problems in the reform of production relations and the organization of productive forces.

For example, under the conditions of socialism, how to make agricultural production relations more suitable for the conditions of the productive forces, and how to correctly handle the relationship of interests between the state, the collective, and the individual, are obviously different from those of industry.

Summary. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the most important reason for the socialist transformation of agriculture was that the scattered and backward individual economy could hardly meet the needs of the country's industrialization.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the social productive forces were backward, and it was difficult for the scattered and backward individual economy to meet the needs of the country's industrialization drive. In order to further enhance agricultural productivity and gradually overcome the contradiction that agriculture is incompatible with industrial development, the CPC has actively guided the peasants to organize themselves and take the road of collectivization, so they have carried out socialist transformation of agriculture.

The knowledge of productive forces and production relations is used to explain the reasons for the social transformation of agriculture in China.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the most important reason for the state's socialist transformation of agriculture -- the scattered and backward individual economy could hardly meet the needs of the country's industrialization construction. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the social productive forces were backward, and it was difficult for scattered and backward individuals to meet the needs of the country's industrialization construction. In order to further enhance agricultural productivity and gradually overcome the contradiction that agriculture is incompatible with industrial development, the CPC has actively guided the peasants to organize themselves and take the road of collectivization, so they have carried out socialist transformation of agriculture.

Further liberate agricultural productivity.

c. This question examines the changes in China's rural production relations since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the reform and adjustment of China's rural production relations have gone through four steps, which are the land reform from 1950 to 1952, the agricultural cooperative from 1953 to 1956, the people's commune in 1958, and the household responsibility system of household production after the reform and opening up in 1978.

The first time, the 1950-1952 agrarian reform.

Background: The vast number of newly liberated areas across the country have not yet carried out land reform, and the vast number of peasants urgently demand land; The nascent regime needs to be consolidated; The need to restore agricultural production.

Content: Abolish the land system of feudal exploitation and implement the peasant land ownership system. Features: preservation of the kulak economy, political neutrality of the kulak policy.

Significance: The abolition of China's more than 2,000-year-old feudal land exploitation system, the vast number of peasants have turned over politically and economically, and consolidated state power; liberated rural productive forces; It opened the way for the development of agricultural production and the industrialization of the country.

2. The second time, from 1953 to 1956, the socialist transformation of agriculture was carried out.

Background: The smallholder economy is a constraint on the development of productive forces; Socialist industrialization began, and the scattered small-scale peasant economy could not meet the needs of industrialization.

Contents: Transforming land and other major means of production from private ownership to public ownership; In addition, collective management should be implemented and individual economy should be abolished.

Impact: As a result, the rural productive forces were further liberated, and the peasants embarked on the road to socialism. However, in the later stage of socialist transformation, due to the excessively hasty demands on agricultural transformation and the excessively rough work, some problems were left behind, which inhibited the peasants' enthusiasm for production for a long time.

3. The third time, the road of people's communization from 1958 to 1978.

Background: The Extension of Left-Leaning Errors to the Economy: Erroneous Guidance for the General Line of Building Socialism; Some leaders have the erroneous understanding that the one-sided pursuit of a high speed of socialist construction, and at the same time the belief that the larger the scale of agricultural cooperativeization and the higher the degree of public ownership, the more conducive it will be to promoting the development of production.

Content: Increase the degree of public ownership and expand the scale.

Results: It is the Party's exploration of socialist construction, reflecting the people's desire for the rapid construction of socialism; However, it has seriously violated the level of development of the productive forces, harmed the peasants' interests, dampened the peasants' enthusiasm for production, and brought serious difficulties to socialist construction.

4. The fourth household contract responsibility system since 1978.

Background: The path of people's communization has seriously hindered the development of rural productive forces. The party summed up the lessons and lessons of the cooperative and people's communization movements in a timely manner and made a policy decision to carry out the reform of the economic structure.

Contents: Abolition of the people's commune system; Under the premise of adhering to the public ownership of land, change the mode of operation and management, implement separate household management, and assume responsibility for its own profits and losses; Township enterprises and non-agricultural industries should be developed.

Answer: It has gone through four steps: land reform, agricultural cooperatives, people's communes, and the household responsibility system.

Legal analysis: the first was land reform;

The second is the three major transformations;

the third is the communization movement of the people;

On the fourth occasion of the Lu Poor Stove, the household responsibility system was implemented, and the right to operate the land was contracted to the peasants on the premise of not changing the state ownership of the land.

Legal basis: Article 5 of the Agricultural Law of the People's Republic of China The State adheres to and improves the basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of economies under various forms of ownership, and revitalizes the rural economy. The state has long stabilized the two-tier management system in rural areas, which is based on household contract management and combines centralization and decentralization, developed a socialized service system, strengthened the collective economic strength, and guided farmers to take the road of common prosperity.

In rural areas, the State adheres to and perfects the distribution system in which distribution according to work is the mainstay and various forms of distribution coexist.