What happens between an acid and a base10

Did you know that acids react with bases.

Acids react with alkalis to form water and saltsThe acid-base proton theory expresses that in chemical reactions, as long as it can give protons, it is an acid, as long as it can accept protons, it is a base, and the acid-base reaction is actually the reaction and transfer of protons between acids and bases.

The direction of its reaction is that the stronger acid and the stronger base react in the direction of the weaker acid and the weaker base, and the essence of the acid-base reaction is the reaction of two conjugated acids and bases on competing protons.

In the acid-base proton theory, the reaction expression of acid and base is HB1+B2HB2+B1, the dissociation of strong acids and the dissociation of weak acids are more suitable for non-aqueous solvents, and in different solvents, the same bases and acids exist in different forms.

Acid-base reaction equation

1.Hydrochloric acid and caustic soda react: HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O

2.Hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide reaction: HCl+Koh=KCl+H2O

3.Hydrochloric acid and copper hydroxide reaction: 2HCl+Cu(OH)2=CuCl2+2H2O

4.Hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide reaction: 2HCl + Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+2H2O

5.Hydrochloric acid and iron hydroxide reaction: 3HCl + Fe (OH) 3 = FeCl3 + 3H2O

6.Aluminum hydroxide drug** Hyperacidity: 3HCl + Al(OH)3 = ALCL3 + 3H2O

7.Sulfuric acid and caustic soda reaction: H2SO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2H2O

8.Sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide reaction: H2SO4 + 2KOH = K2SO4 + 2H2O

9.Sulfuric acid and copper hydroxide reaction: H2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 = CuSO4 + 2H2O

10.Sulfuric acid and iron hydroxide reaction: 3H2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3=Fe2(SO4)3+6H2O

But most acids react with alkaline

A few, such as carbonic acid solution, silicic acid and copper hydroxide, iron hydroxide and other weak alkalis can not react.

Usually strong acids and strong bases, strong acids and weak bases, weak acids and strong bases.

Weak acids and weak bases may not react, just like hydrosulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide.

Acid: Acid and acid-base indicator reaction; and alkaline reactions; and metal reactions; and metal oxides; and salt.

Alkali: alkali and acid-base indicator reaction; and acid reactions; reaction with non-metallic oxides; and salt.

Salt: salt and acid reaction; and alkaline reactions; and salt. and metal oxides;

According to the degree of ionization of acid in aqueous solution, there are strong acids and weak acids, and it is generally believed that strong acids are completely ionized in aqueous solutions, such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid; Weak acids are partially ionized in aqueous solutions, such as acetic acid, carbonic acid.

Most of these substances are soluble in water, and a small part, such as silicic acid, is insoluble in water. An aqueous solution of an acid generally conducts electricity, and its conductive properties are related to its degree of ionization in water.

Some acids exist in the form of molecules in water and do not conduct electricity; Some acids dissociate into positive and negative ions in water, which can conduct electricity.

In the acid-base ionization theory, alkali refers to the fact that all the anions ionized in the aqueous solution are oh-; In acid-base proton theory, a base refers to a substance that can accept protons; In acid-base electron theory, a base refers to an electron donor.

The reason why the neutralization reaction occurs for acids and bases is the chemical properties of the acid-base neutralization reaction present between them.

Acids are substances that are capable of producing hydrogen ions (H+), while bases are substances that are capable of producing hydroxide ions (OH-). When acids and bases are mixed, hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions combine with each other to form water molecules (H2O), releasing a large amount of heat energy.

The chemical equation for this neutralization reaction can be expressed as:

Acid + alkali salt + water.

Among them, salts are compounds composed of acids and cations and anions with ashwagandina.

The principle of the neutralization reaction occurs is that hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions combine to form water, and at the same time release heat energy. Their binding results in a color change in acid-base indicators in solution (e.g., acidic indicator in acidic solution, alkaline indicator in alkaline solution) that indicates that the neutralization reaction has occurred.

Overall, acids and bases combine with each other in the neutralization reaction to produce water and salt, and release heat energy. This reaction has important application value, such as adjusting pH, preparing salts, and conducting acid-base neutralization experiments in the laboratory.

When an acid solution and a base solution are mixed, an acid-base neutralization reaction may occur. The neutralization reaction between acid and base produces salt and water.

The acid proton (H+) in the acid solution and the alkali hydroxide ion (OH-) in the alkali solution combine to form water (H2O). At the same time, the anions in the acid solution and the cations in the buried excited state of the alkali solution will combine to form salts.

The chemical equation for acid-base neutralization reaction can generally be expressed as:

Acid + alkali salt + water.

For example, when a solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are mixed, a neutralization reaction occurs to produce sodium chloride (NaCl) salt and water

hcl + naoh nacl + h2o

This reaction is a typical acid-base neutralization reaction, and the salt and water produced are the products of the neutralization reaction. The mixed solution usually exhibits a neutral pH because the bent source acids and bases have been completely neutralized.

Neutralization reaction between acid and base: refers to the reaction in which acid and base exchange components with each other to form salt and water (acid + alkali salt + water).

The essence of the neutralization reaction is the combination of H+ (hydrogen and old ions) and OH- (hydroxide ions) to form water. In a neutralization reaction, a complete neutralization reaction is when the acid-base happens to be completely reacting. In practical production applications, people often use neutralization reactions to improve soil acidity and alkalinity, excessive gastric acid, and treat wastewater.

Acids and bases are ionized into freely moving anions and cations after being dissolved in water. Hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions combine to form water that is extremely difficult to ionize, so what is left in the solution are sodium ions and chloride ions. Sodium and chloride ions are still ionized in solution and do not combine.

But the product is NaCl. Therefore, the essence of the neutralization reaction is the reaction between acid and alkali to produce salt and water.

There is always a difference between the theoretical value and the actual value in the acid-base titration, the equivalent point can not be directly observed auspicious, the strength of the acid and base is different during the titration, and the acidity and alkalinity of the solution are different when the titration endpoint is reached, and the appropriate indicator needs to be selected to make the endpoint equal to the equivalent point as a judgment standard.

The heat of neutralization refers to the heat of reaction in the neutralization of acid and base in a dilute solution to produce 1mol of water. The heat of neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base is about 57 kJ, which is independent of the acid-base type, because this is actually the heat of reaction of 1molH+ reacts with 1moloh- to produce 1molH2O. The neutralizing heat of weak acids, weak bases and polyacids and bases is not a fixed value due to the influence of the heat of ionization.

The neutralization reaction of polyacids usually has a decreasing thermal effect.

Phenolphthalein solution The phenolphthalein solution is dropped into the alkaline reactant before the reaction, and the solution is red. Slowly drop into another reaction solution, and when the neutralization reaction proceeds to just complete the reaction, the red color of the solution is observed. This can indicate the progress of the neutralization reaction, or it can indicate the completeness of the reaction.

However, it is not possible to say whether too much acidic solution is added to make the test solution acidic.

Practical application of neutralization reaction:

1. Improve the soil: apply an appropriate amount of alkali to neutralize the acidic substances in the soil, make the soil suitable for crop growth, and promote the reproduction of microorganisms. When the calcium ions in the soil increase, it can promote the condensation of soil colloids, which is conducive to the formation of aggregates, and at the same time can provide the calcium index elements needed for plant growth.

2. Treatment of industrial wastewater: The wastewater in the factory is often acidic or alkaline, and if it is directly discharged, it will cause water pollution, so a series of treatments are required. Alkaline sewage needs to be neutralized with acid, and acidic sewage needs to be neutralized with alkali, such as sulfuric acid and other impurities in the sewage of sulfuric acid plant, which can be neutralized with hydrated lime.

Calcium sulfate precipitate and water are generated.

Acid reaction:

1. Acid + Elemental Metal = Salt + Hydrogen (Generally, the metal in the order of metal activity before hydrogen can replace hydrogen.) ）

Phenomenon: The magnesium is gradually dissolved, a large number of bubbles are quickly generated on the surface of the magnesium, and the outer wall of the test tube is heated.

Phenomenon: Bubbles are generated, iron nails are gradually dissolved, and the solution is light green.

2. Acid + base = salt + water (Neutralization reaction: hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react to form water. ）

Phenomenon: Heat is released, and there is no obvious phenomenon.

Phenomenon: When heat is released, the blue solid dissolves and the solution turns blue.

3. Acid + alkaline oxide = salt + water (understood as alkaline oxide dissolved in acid and then acid-base neutralization reaction occurs.) ）

Phenomenon: The rust gradually disappears and the solution gradually turns yellow.

Phenomenon: The rust gradually disappears and the solution gradually turns yellow.

4. Acid + salt = new acid + new salt (strong acid to weak acid).

Phenomenon: Bubbles are formed on solid surfaces.

Phenomenon: A white precipitate insoluble in nitric acid is formed.

5. Acid and acid-base indicator reactions.

Reaction of alkali: 1. Alkali + acid = salt + water (Neutralization reaction: hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions react to form water. ）

Phenomenon: When heat is released, the blue solid dissolves and the solution turns blue.

2. Alkali + non-metallic oxide = salt + water (understood as non-metallic oxide dissolved in alkali, and then acid-base neutralization reaction occurs.) ）

Phenomenon: Precipitation dissolves.

3. Alkali + salt = new alkali + new salt (The essence of the reaction is the reaction of calcium ions and carbonate to form a precipitate.) ）

Phenomenon: White precipitate formed.

Fourth, the reaction of alkali and acid-base indicators.

Did you know that acids react with bases.