What is the relationship between the structure and function of a cell 5

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism. Cells have different morphological structures because the cells in the organism are in different positions and functions, which are the result of cell differentiation. Cell structure determines cell function.

For example, the structure of red blood cells is concave on both sides of the cake, which facilitates full contact with oxygen and plays a role in transporting oxygen.

"Structure determines function" is one of the basic principles of biology, if a cell has a certain structure, it should have the corresponding physiological function of that structure.

If a cell is found to have a certain function, it can also reflect what structure the cell should have and the characteristics of that structure.

For example, plasma cells can secrete antibodies in large quantities, so it can be inferred that the organelles related to secreted proteins in plasma cells, such as ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulums, and Golgi apparatus, are more developed than other normal cells, but it cannot be assumed that cells do not have a certain structure, so they do not have the function of harmony.

Because prokaryotic cells have a simple structure, do not have a well-developed biofilm system, and do not have a variety of organelles, but prokaryotic cells contain chemicals related to specific functions, so they appear to have related functions even if they do not have a specific structure.

For example, E. coli does not contain endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, but it can still target proteins for processing because the cytoplasmic matrix contains enzymes needed to process proteins.

Cells are made up of a nucleus and cytoplasm and have a membrane on their surface. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms. Cells are so small that they can only be seen under a microscope and come in a variety of shapes.

1.Cell membranes

The inside of the cell wall is clinging to a very thin membrane called the cell membrane. This thin film is made up of protein molecules and phospholipid bilayers, through which small molecules such as water and oxygen can pass freely, while certain ions and macromolecules cannot pass freely. Therefore, in addition to protecting the inside of the cell, it also has the role of controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Neither allow useful substances to leak out of the cell at will, nor allow harmful substances to easily enter the cell. In addition, it enables the exchange of information between cells.

2.Cytoplasm

The thick, transparent substance encased in the cell membrane is called cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, some refractive particles can also be seen, most of these particles have a certain structure and function, similar to various organs of organisms, so they are called organelles. For example, in the mesophyll cells of green plants, many green particles can be seen, which is an organelle called chloroplast.

Photosynthesis of green plants takes place in chloroplasts. In the cytoplasm, one or several vacuoles are often also seen, which are filled with fluid, called cell sap. In mature plant cells, vacuoles merge into one large vacuole, which accounts for most of the volume of the entire cell.

The cytoplasm is squeezed into one layer. The cell membrane as well as the cytoplasm between the vacuolar membrane and the two membranes is called the protoplasmic layer.

3.Nucleus

The cytoplasm contains a nearly spherical nucleus and is made up of a more viscous substance. The nucleus is usually located at the core of the cell, and the nucleus of mature plant cells is often pushed to the edge of the cell by vacuoles.

The function of the nucleus is to preserve genetic material, control biochemical synthesis and cell metabolism, determine the performance of cell or body traits, and pass genetic material from cell (or individual) generation to generation. However, the nucleus does not function in isolation, but interacts with the cytoplasm and interdepends to show the life process of cell unity. The nucleus controls the cytoplasm; Cytoplasm also plays an important role in cell differentiation, development, and genetics.