Why couldn t the Northern Song Dynasty unify China?

It is said that the Northern Song Dynasty could not unify China because later people forcibly counted the sixteen states of Yanyun as Chinese, but in fact, the sixteen states of Yanyun were the territory of the Liao State at that time, and the current Beijing was the Nanjing of the Liao State at that time, and it was also one of the largest cities of the Liao State.

After the sixteen states of Yanyun were ceded to the Liao State from Shi Jingjiao, it was not until the Ming Dynasty that they officially returned to the Han people.

Two accumulations and three redundancies: poor and weak, redundant officials and redundant soldiers.

Heavy literature and light military force, combat effectiveness declined.

Geography: The northern gate of the Northern Song Dynasty and the sixteen states of Youyun were occupied by Liao, a plain, and there was no danger to defend, and the west gate was occupied by Western Xia, and there was no danger to defend.

The opponents were too strong: Liao, Western Xia, and the rulers worked hard.

The opponent was too strong, and the Northern Song Dynasty was more corrupt.

The rulers lacked courage and the morale of the army was low.

1.The system of the Northern Song Dynasty created a situation of poverty and weakness.

2.The strength of the minority regime in the north.

The Northern Song Dynasty did not unify China.

Reason: During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a Liao State in the north that controlled the sixteen states of Yanyun, that is, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Northeast China and other places; In the northwest, there was the Western Xia Kingdom, which controlled present-day Ningxia, Gansu and other places; In the south, there was the Dali Kingdom, which controlled the area of present-day Yunnan; In the southwest, there is Tubo that controls the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the western Sichuan Plateau.

Because grandpa Tai and his brothers can fight.

Zhao Kuangyin, an outstanding military strategist and martial artist in Douzhen Socks, successively destroyed the secession regimes of Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Lusui Southern Han and Southern Tang Dynasty, and completed the unification of most of the country.

The History of the Song Dynasty records: The Southern Tang Dynasty Emperor Fuhui and Yao Fengzhong numbered 150,000, plugged the Qingliu Pass, and shot them away. Chased to the city, Hui said:

Every man is his master, and he is willing to form a column to decide the winner. Taizu smiled and agreed. Hui came out of the whole array, Taizu hugged the horse and went straight in, and the hand blade Hui was in the middle of the brain, and Yao Feng fowled.

Capture the enemy's main general in the array of ten thousand troops, this is what Lao Zhao did. Lao Zhao's ten brothers in the righteous society are also fierce people. What can not be unified out of thin air.

It's a pity that Lao Zhao's younger brother is not very good, and the sorghum river drifted away by his own donkey cart. If Lao Zhao goes, Da Liao will most likely not be an opponent.

In fact, the economic and cultural environment of the Song Dynasty was still relatively prosperous. It's just that if you want to unify the whole country, you must rely on force, through the means of war. However, the basic national policy of the Song Dynasty was to "emphasize literature over military force" (which is also the reason for the good development of culture), and the combat effectiveness was so poor, the emperor was thinking about how to keep the territory he owned, how could he still unify the whole country.

Moreover, at that time, the ethnic minorities (Liao, Jin, Xia and other ethnic minorities) were not covered, and their strength was relatively strong.

In fact, it can be summed up as follows: internal factors - the wisdom and policies of the rulers of the Song Dynasty and some of the main faction people who faced the war, and external factors - the strength of the ethnic minorities should not be underestimated, and they knew how to take advantage of the internal shortcomings of the Song Dynasty.

Traditionally, occupying the Central Plains and unifying the north and south of the great river can be regarded as completing the reunification of the country. What do you refer to as a reference for the whole country?

How can it be so easy, at that time, the Northern Song Dynasty was surrounded by Mongolia, Western Xia, Jin Liao, etc., counting the Southern and Northern Song Dynasty established together for more than 300 years, which is already very good, you must know that in the Han and Tang dynasties, there were only Xiongnu and Turkic, and the Song Dynasty had to face multiple threats I only know these.

If it is said that it is the economy, it is not said that the GDP of the Song Dynasty is the first in the world, but this does not mean anything. Because the rulers were afraid of the military generals seizing power, they emphasized literature over military force, which led to a weak trend in society. There are not many generals who can fight, and the combat effectiveness of the soldiers is not strong, how can the whole country be unified?

The landlord was wrong.

China's last heyday was the middle of the Qianlong period.

At that time, China's GDP was almost one-third of the world's total GDP, what do you think of this strength?

There was also science and technology, and at that time, China's science and technology were almost among the top in the world. Unfortunately, after the first industrial revolution in foreign countries, foreign powers rose rapidly in just a few decades, and China was compared one by one from the end of Qianlong, that is, around 1800.

There is also the system of the Song Dynasty and the latter two dynasties, which can be said to be very different.

The Song Dynasty adopted the emphasis on literature and light on military force (because the Song Dynasty's rivers and mountains were reversed, so the rulers had to limit their power and concentrate power in their own hands, for fear that similar things would happen again), encourage scientific and technological innovation, and estimate the cultivation of cultural talents.

This was also the main reason why the Song Dynasty was suppressed by the Great Liao and Western Xia states in terms of military strength. However, in terms of economic development, in today's terms, the Song Dynasty was very strong and strong. Because in its strongest period, the economy of the Song Dynasty accounted for almost half of all the world's combined.

If interested

I recommend you to take a look at Wang Dongyue's lecture at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, you will benefit a lot