Why did the Western Han Dynasty solve the kingdom problem

There is an idiom called: "The tail is too big to fall off", which comes from this matter. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the strength of the feudal kings became greater and greater, resulting in an extreme asymmetry in strength, which led to the determination of the Western Han Dynasty to solve this problem of "the tail is too big to fall".

The power of the vassal king was so great that it threatened the royal power.

At that time, there was not a rebellion of the eight kings, they were all killed in the capital, and it couldn't be solved if it wasn't resolved.

If you don't solve it, you will really "lose the country!!

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The reason why there will be a kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty is because the county system of the Western Han Dynasty is parallel to the feudal system. After Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, he believed that the reason why the Qin Dynasty fell was because he did not crown his son as the king, so after destroying the queen with a different surname, he named 6 kings with the same surname. Some of these kingdoms crossed states and counties, and they also had administrative and military independence, and the official system and palace were the same as **.

Later, it was formed as a separatist force. Later, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty finally solved the kingdom problem by cutting down the feudal domains, quelling the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, and issuing the Tui'en Decree and the Zuoguan Law.

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, there were seven kingdoms with different surnames, such as Yan, Zhao, Chu, and Jiujiang. Gaozu defeated the kings with different surnames with the second Jian annihilation, and the white horse swore an oath: "If it is not the Liu family and the king, the world will attack it together."

At the same time, it is stipulated that no marquis shall be awarded without merit (this article was not pursued later, and the prime minister and relatives of the Han Dynasty were routinely feuded marquis).

The vassal states of the Han Dynasty "boasted (the same as" cross) states and counties, and connected dozens of cities".They are the people of the monarchy and have their own officials. The official position of the Kingdom Bridge is slightly similar to the Han Dynasty, according to the "Han Shu Hundred Officials and Ministers":

The princes and kings, the first place of the high emperor, the golden seal and green ribbon, ruled the country. There are Taifu Fu Wang, the internal history of the people, the lieutenant in charge of the military position, the prime minister in charge of the officials, and the ministers and doctors are all officials such as the Han Dynasty. "The General Dictionary and the Official Dictionary":

The Han Dynasty only placed the prime minister, and its imperial historians were all self-employed".

In the first year of filial piety, the appointment and dismissal power of the princes under the jurisdiction of the kingdom was transferred to the imperial court. Emperor Jing completely deprived the princes and kings of their administrative power over the feudal state. According to the "Hanshu Hundred Officials and Ministers":

Emperor Jing in the fifth year, so that the princes and kings were not allowed to return to the country, the Son of Heaven was the official, changed the prime minister to the prime minister, the provincial imperial history doctor, the court lieutenant, the young mansion, the Zongzheng, the doctor official, the doctor, the confessor, the Lang officials and the officials all lost their members. ”

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the appointment and dismissal power of the palace of princes and kings such as Lang Zhongling and Taifu was also collected, and the "Zuoguan Law" was promulgated, stipulating that those who served in the palace were not allowed to serve in the palace. He also implemented the "Tui En Order" to divide a number of princely states from the kingdom, and the kingdom's territory was greatly reduced. In the first year of Emperor Suihe (8 years ago), the internal history of the princes was abolished and the people were governed by each other.

At this time, there was actually no difference between the appearance and the county Taishou (the size of the kingdom's jurisdiction at this time was equivalent to a county), but the rank was really 2,000 stones, which was higher than the county Taishou. So far, the princes Wang Minxin only retained the right to collect taxes through the ** sent by the Han Dynasty for his own enjoyment.

Among the measures taken by the Western Han Dynasty to solve the problem of the kingdom, the decisive role was ( ) a"Cutting the Domain".

b.Promulgation of the "Grace Decree".

c.Take back the right to appoint and dismiss officials of the kingdom.

d.Quelling the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms.

Test question analysis: Among the measures taken by the Western Han Dynasty to solve the problem of the kingdom, the decisive role was the Tui'en Decree implemented by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which weakened the kingdom's control of the territory, thus solving the kingdom's threat to **. Therefore, the implementation of the option caused the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms; The ACD was introduced before the implementation of the Grace Decree and did not fundamentally address the issue of the Kingdom's strength.

Comments: At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the parallel system of counties and states was implemented, and then with the increase in the power of the kingdom, the control of ** became more and more stupid and weak, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the Tui En Order, strengthened the centralization of power, and weakened the power of the kingdom. Knowledge points related to this, such as the efforts to strengthen imperial power and centralize power during the Song Taizu period, also need to be grasped.

The Tui En Decree means that after the death of the father, all sons can inherit the land, which virtually weakens the area and power of the original fief.

Issued a decree to solve the problem of the kings, returned salt and iron to the public, solved the finances, established a system of assassination, supervised the localities, and did not.

Promulgation of the 'Decree of Grace' and the 'Law of Ancillary Benefits'

Establishing a system of assassins to monitor the localities was not the solution to the kingdom's problems.

The 'Edict of Tui'en' was promulgated, stipulating that after the death of the princes, the eldest son would inherit the throne, and the other sons would divide part of the kingdom's land into liehous, and the liehou would be under the control of the county. As a result, the kingdom became smaller and smaller, and the centralization of power strengthened.

The Law of Collateral Benefits': The princes and kings were not allowed to summon guests, and the activities of the princes and kings were restricted, and the princes and kings could only pay taxes on food, clothing, and taxes, and were not allowed to participate in political affairs. The issue of princes and kings has been further resolved, and the centralization of power has been greatly strengthened.

Roots: The "parallel system of counties and states" implemented by Liu Bang in the early Han Dynasty.

Solution: Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty took advantage of the situation to seize the branches of the vassal states, and the border counties were owned by the imperial court, and at the same time canceled the privilege of appointing officials and collecting taxes on the kingdom itself, and reduced the subordinate officials of the kingdom, and the prime minister of the kingdom was renamed the prime minister, and the prime minister also had the mission of supervising the king, stipulating that the princes and kings were not allowed to govern civil affairs, but could only "tax on food, clothing, and rent", that is, according to the amount stipulated by the imperial court, the tax of the country was collected as a salary, and the status of the kingdom was no different from that of the Han county.

The Western Han Dynasty was usurped by Wang Mang, while the Eastern Han Dynasty was usurped by Cao Pi.

In 8 A.D., Wang Mang abolished the late emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, set the capital Chang'an, known as the New Dynasty in history, and the Western Han Dynasty perished. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty perished, and entered the period of the Three Kingdoms. The Han Dynasty (202-23 BC, 23-220) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty, divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, with a total of 29 emperors and 407 years of reign.

Because the royal family surname is Liu, it is also called Liu Han.

The Western Han Dynasty went to extinction.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he implemented the system of Tui En Order, Zhong Sell Nai Dynasty, Assassin History, Salt and Iron Official Camp to strengthen the centralization of power, and respect Confucianism to unify thoughts. Externally, it opened up a vast territory of Korea in the east, Vietnam in the south, Lingling in the west, and Yinshan in the north, laying the basic scope of the Han land; He also sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions to open up the Silk Road connecting Eurasia, expand foreign exchanges, and create a prosperous situation in the Han Dynasty.

After Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, Huo Guang assisted the government and followed the national policy of Emperor Wu in his later years to rest the army and support the people, and restored the national strength of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, he surrendered to the Xiongnu and set up the Western Regions Protectorate to formally incorporate the Western Regions into the territory.

In 36 BC, Chen Tang beheaded Zhi Zhishan Yu, marking the end of the Han-Hungarian War in the Western Han Dynasty. In 8 A.D., Wang Mang abolished the late emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, set the capital of Chang'an, known as the New Dynasty in history, and the Western Han Dynasty perished.

Wang Mang in the late Western Han Dynasty seized the throne of Emperor Han and established a new dynasty, and the Western Han Dynasty was overthrown.